1、Unit4 A Body language 词汇篇_要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。一、重点短语1. at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在2. lose face 丢脸3. turn ones back to. 背对；背弃4.拥抱某人 give a hug to sb.5.上下点头 nod the head up and down6.尊敬某人be respectable to sb.7. be likely to 很可能；有希望8. in general 总的来说；通常9.protect against 保卫以免受二、词义辨析1. represent与stan
2、d forrepresent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”，“某种标志代表什么“，“某物（书、塑料等）表示的是什么”和“把某人/某物描绘成什么”stand for往往用来表示“（字母、数字符号等）代表/象征什么”2. close/closelyclose动词关闭；结束形容词亲密的；亲近的副词离很近，相当于near表具体的概念，多用来修饰由介词引导的短语名词结束；终止closely副词（具体含义）离很近副词（抽象含义）亲密地；仔细地；严密地，多修饰动词和过去分词3. defend/guard/protectdefend：用在军事上，指防御、保卫、抵御或击退外来威胁或攻击；用于非军事意义时
3、指保护、辩护。其宾语可具体可抽象。guard：指守卫、监视或戒备潜在的危险。protect：指设置障碍或掩护，以保护某人、某物免遭危害、损失等。常用于抵御风雨、寒冷、烈日、疾病或保护经济、法律权益等。4. likely/possible/probablelikely指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生，既可以用于人也可用物作主语It is likely that或sb./sth. is likely topossible指客观上有可能但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语It is possible (for sb.)to do sth.It is possible thatprobable
4、可能性比possible大表示“很可能、十有八九”也不能用人作主语It is probable that.，不能用于It is probable (for sb.)to do sth.5. replace/take the place of /in place of/in place/instead ofreplace 最普通用词，指任何形式的替代，尤指以新的替代旧的、老的和坏的等，指人指物均可。Electric lights have replaced candles.take the place of动词词组，“替代（职务、工作等）”作“代替”解时，不可将the去掉或改换为ones。Mos
5、t scientists agree that computers cant completely take the place of humans.in place of介词短语“代替”，通常后接名词或代词，可与instead of 互换，但instead of sb./sth.可省去介词of及其宾语，而in place of通常不能将其省略People often use plastics in place of/instead of wood or metal.instead of是介词短语，意思是“代替，而不是”，后接名词、代词宾格、或动名词。You should take some
6、exercise instead of staying indoors all day long.in place意为“在适当的位置”。其反义词组为out of place(不在适当的位置；不合适)Carefully lay each slab in place.6. at ease/with easeat ease舒适；自在（相当于relaxed）E.g. Only in my home do I feel at easeWith ease容易地（相当于easily）E.g. He passed the exam with ease.三、要点梳理1. greet (vt.)(1)欢迎；致意；
7、问好；打招呼E.g. He greeted us by shouting a friendly “Hello!”遇见我们时，他友好地喊了声“哈罗”。E.g. She greeted him with a kiss.她以一个深情的吻迎接他。(2)受到的对待E.g. The speech was greeted by/with loud cheers.演讲受到了热烈的欢呼。(3)(景象或声音等)映入眼帘，入耳E.g. As we entered the room complete disorder greeted us.我们走进房间，只见一片混乱的景象。知识拓展:greet sb. with.用迎
8、接；用向某人打招呼greet sb./sth. with/by sth.(以某种方式)对作出反应(2)greeting(常用复数形式)问候；祝贺；贺词E.g. They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.他们互相致意后便坐下吃午饭。E.g. My mother sends her greetings to you all.我母亲向你们大家问好。2. represent(vt.)(1)代表；象征E.g. The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different
9、countries.这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。E.g. The red lines on the map represent railways.这张地图上的红线代表铁路。(2)(用图画、戏剧、雕刻等)展示，描绘E.g. The picture represents a hunting scene.这是一幅行猎图。E.g. He represented himself as an expert.他声称自己是个专家。(3)正式提出(意见、想法等)E.g. Ill represent to him the risks that he is running.我会向他说明他所冒的
10、危险。E.g. The lawyer represented to the court that the defendant was mentally unstable.律师向法庭陈述被告精神不正常。知识拓展:represent sb. as/to be.宣称某人是represent oneself as/to be.自称represent sth. to sb.向某人说明或传达某事represent. as.把描绘成E.g. He represented himself to be a friend of us, but now we know the truth.他自称是我们的朋友，但现在
11、我们知道真相了。E.g. His fans represented him as a true hero.他的粉丝把他描绘成真正的英雄。3. curiously adv.好奇地E.g. But curiously enough it was Katharine who refused this.可奇怪的是，凯瑟琳居然不同意。巧学助记curiosity(n.)好奇；好奇心with curiosity好奇地out of curiosity出于好奇curiously (adv.)好奇地curious(adj.)好奇的be curious about 对好奇be curious to do极想做E.g
12、. The children were curious to know what was happening over there.孩子们好奇地想知道那边正在发生什么。E.g. We were burning with curiosity over what was in the box.我们急切地想知道箱子里是什么东西。4. closely adv. 紧密地；紧紧地E.g. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是
13、从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，紧随其后的是来自英国的朱莉娅史密斯。E.g. The prisoners were closely guarded by armed soldiers.囚犯们被武装士兵严密看守。5. approach(1)(vi. /vt.) 走近，靠近，接近E.g. As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。E.g. The time is approaching when we have to leave.我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。(2)(n.) 靠
14、近，接近，临近；通路，入口；方法，方式(常与介词to连用)E.g. All approaches to the town were blocked.通往这座城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。E.g. He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through storytelling.他决定采用一种不同的方法，通过讲故事来教授圣经。知识拓展:(1).be approaching快到了with. approaching随着的临近(2)the approach of.即将到达make approaches to sb.设法接近某
15、人approach to(做某事的)方法E.g. These signs show that a crisis is approaching.这些征兆表示危机即将来临。E. g. Everyone has their own approach to dealing with them.每个人都有自己的方法来处理它们。名师点拨(1)approach(方法)常与介词to连用，即approach to (doing) sth.(2)记住以下“做某事的方法”表达。the way to do/of (doing) sth.the means of (doing) sth.the method of(do
16、ing) sth.6. defence (n.)防御；保卫E.g. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.她后退几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是自卫。E.g. She spoke in defence of her beliefs.她为其信仰辩护。知识拓展(1)in defence (of.)保卫()(2)defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth.保护某人(某物)免受伤害defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护E.g.
17、 It is our duty to defend our country.保卫我们的国家是我们的责任。E.g. They have the ability to defend against dangerous actions in outer space.他们具备在外层空间抵御危险行动的能力。7. likely adj.可能的E.g. Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。E.g. A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.情绪高涨的队更可能获胜
18、。E.g. It is likely that the thieves dont know how much it is worth.盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。知识拓展be likely to do sth.可能发生某种情况Its likely that.sb. be likely to do.做某事是可能的not likely不见得；不大可能8. major(1)adj.主要的；重要的；大的E.g. Shanghai is one of the major cities in China.上海是中国的主要城市之一。(2)n.C主修课程；专业课E.g. Her major is French
19、.她的主修科目是法语。C主修学生；主修生E.g. She is a French major.她是法语专业的学生。C少校E.g. Hes a major in the US army.他是美国陆军少校。(3) v. major in sth.主修E.g. She majored in maths and physics (at university).她(在大学)主修数学和物理。知识拓展(1)majority(n.)多数，大半E.g. The majority of doctors agree that smoking is harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟危害健康。(2
20、)minor (adj.)较小的；次要的；轻微的minority (n.) 少数；小部分E.g. There may be some minor changes to the schedule.时间安排也许会有小小的变动。9. dash v. 突然而急促的往前冲；急奔E.g. The children dashed out immediately the bell rang.铃声刚响过，孩子们就冲了出去。知识拓展dash n. 猛冲；急奔the 100meter dash 百米赛跑E.g. When the door opened, there was a mad dash for seats
21、.门一开，人们便疯狂地朝座位奔去10. reach ones hand out 伸出手E.g. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.当我为他们作介绍时，乔治把手伸向了这位日本学生。reach1)伸手；够得着2)与取得联系3)提升到(某一水平、速度等)11. cut off切断，断绝E.g. He cut off some branches from the tree.他从树上剪掉几根树枝。E.g. They cut off the gas supply.他们停止了煤气供应。4)
22、(大或长等)足够达到E.g. They were confident that they could reach their aim.他们有信心达到目标。E.g. He can always be reached on the office telephone.可以通过办公室电话随时与他取得联系。E.g. No agreement has been reached so far.到现在为止还没有达成协议。E.g. They saw nothing but houses as far as the eye could reach.他们极目远眺，除了房子外什么也看不到。短语拓展1)reach ou
23、t ones hand for sth.某人伸手够某物2)within ones reach某人够得到的地方3)out of/beyond ones reach某人够不到的地方11. on the contrary 与此相反；正相反E.g. Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls.相反，艾哈迈德阿齐兹却只是朝女孩们点了点头。短语拓展on the contrary为介词短语，在句中作状语，表示相反的意见，是对上文内容的转折，可放在句首或句中。to the contrary相反的(地)，在句中作状语或定语。E.g. On th
24、e contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反，那些让青少年体验他们行为后果的人会做得更好E.g. Show me some evidence to the contrary.给我看看有什么相反的证据吧。E.g. I will expect to see you on Sunday unless I hear anything to the contrary.我星期天等你，除非你说不来了。12. in general总的来说；通常E.g. In g
25、eneral, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！E.g. In general, American food is mild tasting.一般而论，美国食物味道清淡。知识拓展(1)general knowledge常识as a general rule一般而言；通常(2)generally (speaking
26、)总体而言；一般而言(3)on the whole总的来说in a word总之in short简言之E.g. As a general rule, you should avoid this kind of food.一般说来你应该避免这种食物。E.g. Generally speaking, we enjoyed the trip.总的说来，我们这次旅行很愉快。13. function(1)n.职责；功能；作用；职能E.g. The function of a chairman is to lead and control meetings.主席的职责是主持会议。E.g. The brai
27、n performs a very important function; it controls the nervous system of the body.(2)v.正常运行；发挥作用；运转E.g. Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.尽管供电中断，医院照常运转。E.g. The sofa also functions as a bed.这沙发还可当床用。14. ease(1)n.安逸；舒适E.g. He didnt feel completely at ease in the stran
28、ge surroundings.他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。E.g. Take your ease, for the journey ahead will be long and arduous.好好休息一下，前面的路程远而艰难。E.g. They are expected to win the election with ease.预计他们在竞选中能够轻易获胜。(2) vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)E.g. Walking helped to ease him of his pain.散步有助于解除他的疼痛。知识拓展(1)at ease舒适；快活；自由自在take ones ease使某人放松
29、一下with ease轻易地；毫不费力地(2)ease sb. of sth.减轻某人的痛苦、负担等15. anger n.怒气；怒火E.g. It was not a long time before his anger melted.不久他的怒气就消了。E.g. Dont joke with a man in anger.别和动怒的人开玩笑。E.g. “Its a lie!” he shouted in anger.“撒谎！”他怒吼道。知识拓展(1)in/with anger愤怒地；生气地(2)anger vt.使发怒；激怒E.g. Her cruel words angered him.
30、 她那无情的话激怒了他。16. hug (n.) & vi. & vt. 拥抱E.g. Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture，but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher.在每种文化背景下，尊重他人是主观的。但是通常拥抱老板或老师可能会不妥当。E.g. They put their arms around each other and hugged.他们伸出双臂彼此拥抱。E.g. She s
31、tood hugging herself against the cold.在寒冷中，她抱着胳膊，瑟缩站立。E.g. Mary greeted the visitors with hugs and kisses.玛丽以拥抱和亲吻迎接来宾。知识拓展give sb. a hug give a hug to sb.热情拥抱某人embrace v. & n拥抱in an embrace拥抱E.g. He gave her a hug when he saw her.他看到她就给了她一个拥抱。E.g. Paul gave me a big hug.保罗热情地拥抱了我。17. rank (n)等级，军衔E
32、.g. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.几乎在每一种文化里，站得离一个地位更高的人太近通常都是不妥当的。考点释义n. C 等级；军衔u，排列；属于某等级vt.评价，为分等级vi.排名，名列E.g. You can see people of all ranks there.在那里你能看到各个阶层的人。E.g. Does he rank among/with failures?他算作失败的那一类吗？E.g. Where do you ran
33、k him as a chess player?你把他评定为哪一级的象棋选手。18.lose face丢脸E.g. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”就会用微笑来掩饰。E.g. Jerry lost face when people found out he got low grades.人们发现杰里考分很低时，他觉得丢脸。知识拓展(1)face to face面对面地make faces/a face做鬼脸save ones
34、 face保全面子in(the) face of面对(2)be faced with.面对着E.g. They had an argument face to face.他们面对面地吵了一架。E.g. In the face of the new evidence he had to admit he had been wrong.在新的证据面前，他只得认错。E.g. Even though he was faced with so many difficulties, he would never give in.尽管面对如此多的困难，他将永不屈服。19.turn ones back to背
35、对E.g. In most places around the world, frowning and turning ones back to someone shows anger.在世界上大多数地方，皱眉或者背对着某人都表示发怒。E.g. He has turned his back to his past way of life.他脱离了过去的生活方式。知识拓展turn down拒绝；关小turn out结果是；证明是turn to向求助；转向turn up出现；到达；突然发生turn over打翻；翻阅；反复思考Please turn the radio down,_Im tryin
36、g to sleep.请把收音机的音量调小，我想睡觉20.in most cases 在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下E.g. In most cases, it is necessary to have a healthy diet.在大多数情况下，健康饮食是必要的。知识拓展in any case 无论如何；总之in case 万一；如果；以防in case of 如果；以防in that/this case 如果那/这样in no case在任何情况下都不(置于句首时句子要采用部分倒装)E.g. In any case, youll have to be at the station by
37、8:00.无论如何，你必须在八点前到达车站。 21.with的复合结构：(1)withn./pron.v.ing(v.ing表示宾语与宾语补足语之间为主动关系)。(2)withn./pron.v.ed(v.ed表示宾语与宾语补足语之间为动宾关系)。(3)withn./pron.to do(to do表示将来的动作)。(4)withn./pron.adv./adj./prep.phrase.E.g. With the windows open, he fell asleep.窗子开着，他睡着了。E.g. With a lot of work to do, he couldnt go home.有
38、许多工作要做，他不能回家。例1.（2019福建高考考前联考）You should study the details of the policy before you sign it.A. in return B. in advance C. at ease D. on purpose例2（2019浙江温州期中）Young children seem to master computer games _. And playing computer games will always make them feel _.A. easily, easily B. with ease, at ease
39、 C. easy, easy D.at ease, with ease例3.（2019天津）_the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of例4.（2019陕西）Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before compute
40、r screens for long hours.A. possible B. likelyC. probableD. sure例5.（2019江西宜春月考）_part Bob played in the film was of a childs father ,but it was not _ major role.A. The ; a B. A; a C. The; theD. A; the基础演练单词拼写1.He_(代表)our class making a speech at the meeting.2.The boy is very_(好奇)and he is always aski
41、ng questions.3.When the fierce dog_(靠近)her, she hid herself behind the door.4.How can you_(表达)your feeling when faced with such a problem?5.The_(令人厌烦的)speech made her rather upset.6. She used to s_ in my troubles as well as my joys.7. There was an e_ of danger on her face.8. I dont think that we sho
42、uld be seen traveling together-people might m_.9. Mr. Green got up from behind his desk to g_ me.10. Let me i_ myself: my name is Melody Johnson.巩固提高根据汉语提示，完成下列句子1._ _, his speech was a success.总的来说，他的演讲很成功。2._my friends do _know English.我的朋友并不是都懂英语。3. She is very _ _give me a call.她很有可能给我打电话。4. Wom
43、en are _ _ _in the company.在这家公司，女性占大多数。5. They joined the army _ _ _their country.他们参军来保卫国家。6. With _ _,the weather becomes cold.冬天临近，天气转冷。7._ _ _he didnt tell you.他没有告诉你，实在反常。8. She _ _ _the kindest mother in the world.她把自己描绘成世界上最慈祥的母亲9. Mother likes _ _ _at the door. 妈妈喜欢在门口迎接她的客人们。一、 用短语的适当形式填空p
44、ut up; in defence; on the contrary; shake hands with; look around; reach out1. They _ posters all around the town advertising the circus.2. He _ his hand for the book on the shelf, but he was too short to reach it.3. Dont try to _ a woman unless she puts out her hand first.4. She plays _.5. -I suppo
45、se your student doesnt understand you.-_, he understands me very well.6. He _ the room before he left, wishing to impress everything on his mind.二、单项语法填空1. We have been waiting for her all the afternoon, but she hasnt turned_ yet.2. He always seems so confident, but _reality hes sometimes extremely
46、nervous during some exams.3. The film is so moving that she usually watches it with her face _ (bath) in tears.4.-What made him so unhappy?-_ (lose) face.5. In some countries in the world, people give a hug _ each other or kiss each other _ the cheek when they meet each other.6. Dont do so much for
47、me, and you make me feel that Im not _ease.7. While at the party, the student turned his _ to his elder brother whom he met by accident in order not to be noticed.8. The door burst open and in rushed the crowd, shouting _ anger.9.Experts say adults need at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night to keep
48、 their body _(function) well.10.It can run across water for a _(距离) of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet._一、完形填空A Leap(跳跃)to HonorLeaping on a narrow balance beam(平衡木)is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.To per
49、fect her skills, Lola1for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.Thats especially impressive,2she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift(移动)constantly. She often sees double and cant3how far aw
50、ay things are.When she was little, her mom4that even though she couldnt see5, she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the6right away and gymnastics became her favorite.Though learning gymnastics has been more7for her than for some of her teammates, she
51、 has never quit. She doesnt let her8stop her from doing anything that she wants to.She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest9is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees two beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes
52、 she even closes her eyes. “You have to10your mind that itll take you where you want to go. ”says Lola.To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most11for anyone because its four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didnt fall12the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 ou
53、t of 10her highest score yet.Lola doesnt want to be13differently from the other girls on her team. At competitions, the judges dont know about her vision14.She doesnt tell them, because she doesnt think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her15attitude.Lola never thinks about16. She is presently
54、 at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her17is to reach level 9.She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what shes learned to other kids18she grows up.Lola is19of all her hard work and success. She says its helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics
55、, too. Her20for others is “just believe in yourself”.1. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances2. A. since B. unless C. after D. though3. A. tell B. guess C. assume D. predict4. A. suspectedB. remembered C. imagined D. noticed5. A. deeply B. well C. ahead D. closely6. A. task B. sport C. event D. sho
56、w7. A. boring B. enjoyable C. difficult D. satisfactory8. A. talent B. quality C. nature D. condition9. A. doubt B. advantage C. challenge D. progress10. A. examineB. express C. open D. trust11. A. fearful B. harmful C. unfair D. inconvenient12. A. to B. on C. off D. against13. A. greeted B. treated
57、 C. served D. paid14. A. pains B. stresses C. injuries D. problems15. A. positive B. friendly C. flexible D. cautious16. A. defendingB. quitting C. winning D. bargaining17. A. standardB. range C. view D. goal18. A. until B. as C. when D. before19. A. proud B. tired C. ashamed D. confident20. A. plan B. advice C. reward D. responsibility二、作文假设你是校图书馆馆长的学生助理李华，图书馆要进行网络系统升级，请在阅览室向在场的留学生口头通知相关事宜，并请他们转告其他留学生。1时间：2019年5月1日至5月10日。2在此期间，关闭阅览室、暂停电子阅览。3仅周二和周五可以借、还图书。注意：1词数不少于50。 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_
