1、 Book8 unit1 Grammar名词性从句名词性从句的功能: 功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词性从句:表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句一、主语从句小组讨论，找出下列句子的主语并总结。 1.A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.2.I dont know if it will grow.3.To give is better than to receive4.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.总结：主语可由_词、_词、数词
2、、不定式、动名词和_等来承担。一般位于谓动词_。一、小组讨论并判断下列句子那些是主语从句。Yes or No?1.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.2.I think that you must work harder.3.The fact is that we have lost the game.4.When they will come is unknown.5.Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.6.Wha
3、tever you did is right.7.What we need is time.8.It is certain that he will win the match. 二课堂练习：（1）_he said was not true.（2）_he likes most is reading.（3）_he is brave is true.（4）_ will take part in the meeting has not been decided.（5）_she is from is unknown.（6）_she keeps healthy is a secret.（7）_can j
4、oin in the sport meet is decided by the teacher.（8）_book I shall choose hasnt been decided.三、主语从句特殊用法：1. It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. It + be + 名词/形容词 +主语从句2. It seems that he has seen the film. 似乎 It+不及物动词(seem, happen, matter)+主语从句3. It is said that President Obama will visit o
5、ur school next week. 据说 It过去分词从句 总结：it 做形式主语，为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末。四、主语从句在写作中的运用。(1) _(众所周知)China launched their Shenzhou XI manned spaceship successfully on October 17,2019, carrying two Chinese astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong. After 33-days stay in space, they returned to the
6、 earth . In their opinion, (2) _ (这是他们的荣幸) that they were chosen to be the astronauts of Shenzhou XI spaceship. During their trip,(3) _(令他们惊讶的事) was that the gravity became very strong when their rocket rose into the air. However, (4)_(让他们振奋的事) was seeing the earth from space. They also said that it
7、 didnt matter(5) _ (多么困难) They would finish the task with heart and soul. All in all, it is a new chapter for Chinas space industry.二、宾语从句1、定义：在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2、类别1）动词后的宾语从句: I heard_ he would come here later on. 2）介词后的宾语从句: He said nothing about _ broke the window last night. 某些形容词或过去分词后的宾语从句
8、 I am not sure I ought to do.3、宾语从句的引导词(1) 从属连词that He told us _. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know_.我知道他已经回来了。（此处that可省略）分析：从句中_(缺/不缺)句子成分，_（有/无）实际意义，只起连接作用，所以填that(2)从属连词if/whether。如： I doubt _. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I dont know _. 我不知道你能否帮助我。分析：从句中_(缺/不缺)句子成分，意为_,只起连接作用，所以填if/ whetherwhether 与if 引导宾语从句的区别情况whetherif从句置于句
9、首时从句作介词的宾语时从句作discuss, doubt （doubt用于肯定结构时）等动词的宾语时与or not 或动词不定式直接连用时用if容易产生歧义时从句为否定句时操练：用if/whether填空。_ she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。Im interested in _ he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 Let me know _ or not he will come. 让我知道他是否能来。He hasnt decided _ to visit the old man. 他尚未决定是否拜访
10、那位人。_ this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。 People doubt _ he is a thief. 人们怀疑他是否是小偷。 He asked _ I didnt come to school yesterday.他问我昨天是否没来学校。 5、注意事项1） 从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省略。 He phoned us to tell (that) it was time for us to set off and_ he would wait for us at the first crossing. (第一个 that 可省
11、略，第二个 that 不可省略)2） 在insist，demand，order，suggest, propose, advise, desire等表示坚持、命令、 建议等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should)+动词原形”，表示虚拟。 Wangwei insisted that she _ (organize) the trip well. 3） 动词+it + 形容词或惯用搭配+that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。I think_ necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 4） 动词do
12、ubt用于否定结构或疑问结构时，宾语从句的引导词用that。5） 否定前移： I dont think you are right._.(翻译)三、表语从句1、概念： 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句。 2、 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句” 3、可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 由从属连词that不可省，whether 引导的表语从句1）The trouble is _she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。_不作成分2）The question is _ we need more ice cream.
13、_不作成分 由关系代词which, who, what, whose 等引导的表语从句1）The question is _ of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去 (作定语)2）The problem was _ could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。(作主语)3) Thats_ he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。(作宾语)Time is _ we should treasure.时间应该是我们珍惜的。 ( 作宾语)China is no longer _ it used to be. 中国不再是过去的中国。(作表语) 由关系副
14、词when, where, why, how等引导的表语从句1) Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. 去把雨衣拿来就在你原来放的地方。2） I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats_ I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。3) _ is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。引导名词性从句的连接词连词：that/whether /if (主语从句没有 if)连接代词：
15、who/what/ which（哪一个）/whose wh+ever连接副词：when/where/how/why总结：（1）_只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。 （2）_在从句充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。 （3）_在从句中充当状语。(4)在主语从句，表语从句中的that不能省。实践冲关：一、 单句改错1、 That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.2、 Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers hav
16、e cut down too many trees in recent years.3、 If the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet.4、 The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. 5、 Tell me what it has happened to you.6、 We consider that impossible that we finish it in a day. 7、 Mother ma
17、de a promise if I got the prize, she would buy a bike.8、 He didnt come yesterday. That is why he was ill.9、 The bus was empty, so I could take which seat I liked.10、 It is difficult for us to imagine how life was like for slaves in the ancient world.二、语法填空。Thomas Edison was one of the ten said to be
18、 the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of the history,1. has changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. 2. Edison could never be happy only 3. someone said 4. he was a genius. “There is no such thing 5. genius,” Edison said. H
19、e said 6. people called genius was mostly hard work. But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn 7. could usually be done with them. Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew 8. most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially 9. they do not think very often. But he knew, too, 10. thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.
