1、Unit 4 Everyday economics突破语法大冲关 定语从句一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句观察例句1This is the place which is worth visiting.2Those who expect the worst are less likely to be disappointed.3His favorite hobbies are swimming and gardening，which have become a necessary part of his life.4My father was easily cheated，which sur
2、prised me.5The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard.6We then moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.归纳用法1引导定语从句的有关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as)、关系副词(where，when，why)和介词关系代词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。2定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句(如例 1、例 2、例 5)和非限制性定语从句(如例 3、例 4、例 6)。3限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句
3、的意思就不完整或失去意义。该从句与主句的关系十分密切，和先行词之间没有逗号分开，作宾语的关系代词通常可以省略。4非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。该从句与主句的关系不是很密切，和先行词之间有逗号分开；不能用 why 引导，一般不用 that 引导；关系代/副词均不可省略。5定语从句的先行词可以是一个词(如例 2、例 6)、几个词(如例1、例 3、例 5)或整个句子(如例 4)。名师点津(一)关系代词的用法关系代词先行词句法功能 who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose 人或物定语 that人或物主
4、语、宾语(可省略)、表语、状语(可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语1.关系代词通常用 that 的情况：(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?(2)先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only，the very，the last等修饰时This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.(3)先行词既有人又有物时The scientist an
5、d his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.(4)定语从句出现在 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句中时Which is the bike that you lost?(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用了 which 时They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.(6)先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the c
6、ity that it used to be.(7)主句是 there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语时There is a seat in the corner that is still available.(8)先行词为 the way，关系代词在从句中作状语时I hate the way that she always criticizes me.2关系代词只用 which 的情况：(1)引导非限制性定语从句Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the oth
7、ers envy him.(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.(二)关系副词的用法关系副词先行词句法功能 when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语当先行词为 situation，case，stage，point 等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词 where。(三)which 与 as 引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas 只能放在主句的后面位置灵活，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理
8、活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember 等 意为“这一点”意为“正如，正像的那样”即学即练 1 单句语法填空A plane is a machine can fly.The result was not the same as they had expected，was rather disappointing.This is the only thing we can do now.The school I study is far from my home.My daughter，job requires her to do a lot of travel
9、ling，is always away from home.Who is the boy won the gold medal?that that/whichwhichthatwhosewhere二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句观察例句1This depends on the purpose for which the exhaust steam is used.2In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.3We first attended the opening parad
10、e，for which our class had made a lot of preparations.4He is telling a story of Lei Feng，of whom every one of us is proud.5Recently，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.6He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.7Lily might possibly come，in which case Ill ask h
11、er.8There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.归纳用法1介词后的关系代词只用 which 或 whom。2介词的选用受到三个方面的制约：(1)介词与先行词的搭配习惯(如例 1 中的 for the purpose)；(2)介词是从句中谓语的组成部分(如例 2 中的 turn to，例 4 中的 is proud of)；(3)句子意思表达的需要(如例 3)。3“名词/代词介词关系代词”可用“whose名词”替换(如例 5 中 可换为 whose price)4“形容词最高级of关系代词
12、”可以引导定语从句(如例6)。另外，“数词/some，many，most，each 等不定代词of关系代词”也可以引导定语从句。5有时为了表达清楚，用“介词关系副词”引导定语从句(如例 8)。6“介词关系代词名词”引导定语从句，是句子意思表达的需要(如例 7)。名师点津as 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such名词as(像一样的，像之类的)；such(pron.)as(像一样的，像之类的)；the same名词as(和同样的)。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.I have the same book as
13、 he has.即学即练 2 单句语法填空The boy has bought a telescope，which he can look at the stars.Material collecting took us a whole week，which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.There are a lot of skyscrapers in New York，which it is famous.This is the day he did the expe
14、riment.duringon whichthroughforThere can be few streets in Londonyou cannot buy books.Take part in activities at school，you can make more friends.in which through which.单句语法填空1UNAIDS also teaches young people how to prevent AIDS，and set up treatment centers mothers with HIV can receive medicine to h
15、elp keep them from passing HIV on to their children.2At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend family business was running hotels.3There are certain dates throughout the year the entire country takes a vacation at the same time.where whenwhose4.This woman has set a good example to her son，is a
16、really lucky guy.5The watch，was a gift from his father，was very important to him and he was determined to find it.6The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many ofleft their village homes for a better life in the city.7He wrote some of his most popular waltzes，among was the wellknown favourite
17、The Blue Danube.whomwhowhichwhich8Of course，there are time we need to travel long distances.9Reading has a lot of advantages，one of is that it helps you develop reading skills.10Gift shops in museums used to be the last stop of each visit，people would buy souvenirs for themselves and their friends.w
18、hichwhenwhere.短文语法填空The film 1.is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.is popular with the public，3.hero and heroine are Jack and Ross.Ross is a young beautiful woman with 4.her mother went to America.Jack，5.won a ship ticket by playing cards，is a poor painter.They met and fell in
19、 love with each other on Titanic 6.they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by an unexpected whothataswhosewhomwherestorm，7.Jack lost his life for saving Ross(everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8.most people can not behave in real life)Before Jack left Ross forever，he encouraged Ross to live well for him.9.is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that is the reason 10.Ross could live alone and told us the moving story.As whenwhichwhy点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 Thank you for watching!
