1、课时跟踪检测(三十) 等差数列及其前n项和一抓基础,多练小题做到眼疾手快1若等差数列an的前5项之和S525,且a23,则a7_.解析:由S525a47,所以732dd2,所以a7a43d73213.答案:132(2016苏州名校联考)在等差数列an中,a10,公差d0,若ama1a2a9,则m的值为_解析:ama1a2a99a1d36da37,所以m37.答案:373已知数列an满足a115,且3an13an2.若akak10,则正整数k_.解析:3an13an2an1anan是等差数列,则ann.ak1ak0,0,k,k23.答案:234设等差数列an的前n项和为Sn,S36,S412,则
2、S6_.解析:设数列an的公差为d,S36,S412,S66a1d30.答案:305已知等差数列an中,an0,若n2且an1an1a0,S2n138,则n等于_解析:2anan1an1,又an1an1a0,2ana0,即an(2an)0.an0,an2.S2n12(2n1)38,解得n10.答案:10二保高考,全练题型做到高考达标1在单调递增的等差数列an中,若a31,a2a4,则a1_.解析:由题知,a2a42a32,又a2a4,数列an单调递增,a2,a4.公差d.a1a2d0.答案:02(2016南京调研)数列an的前n项和Sn2n23n(nN*),若pq5,则apaq_.解析:当n2
3、时,anSnSn12n23n2(n1)23(n1)4n1,当n1时,a1S15,符合上式,an4n1,apaq4(pq)20.答案:203设等差数列an的公差为正数,若a1a2a315,a1a2a380,则a11a12a13_.解析:由条件可知,a25,从而a1a310,a1a316,得a12,a38,公差为3,所以a11a12a1323(101112)3105.答案:1054设等差数列an的前n项和为Sn,且a10,a3a100,a6a70,则满足Sn0的最大自然数n的值为_解析:a10,a6a70,a60,a70,等差数列的公差小于零,又a3a10a1a120,a1a132a70,S120
4、,S130,满足Sn0的最大自然数n的值为12.答案:125(2015盐城调研)设数列an的前n项和为Sn,若为常数,则称数列an为“吉祥数列”已知等差数列bn的首项为1,公差不为0,若数列bn为“吉祥数列”,则数列bn的通项公式为_解析:设等差数列bn的公差为d(d0),k,因为b11,则nn(n1)dk,即2(n1)d4k2k(2n1)d,整理得(4k1)dn(2k1)(2d)0.因为对任意的正整数n上式均成立,所以(4k1)d0,(2k1)(2d)0,解得d2,k.所以数列bn的通项公式为bn2n1.答案:bn2n16在等差数列an中,a1533,a2566,则a45_.解析:a25a1
5、510d663333,a45a2520d6666132.答案:1327在等差数列an中,a17,公差为d,前 n项和为Sn ,当且仅当n8 时Sn 取得最大值,则d 的取值范围为_解析:由题意,当且仅当n8时Sn有最大值,可得即解得1d0.(1)求证:当n5时,an成等差数列;(2)求an的前n项和Sn.解:(1)证明:由4Sna2an3,4Sn1a2an13,得4an1aa2an12an,即(an1an)(an1an2)0.当n5时,an0,所以an1an2,所以当n5时,an成等差数列(2)由4a1a2a13,得a13或a11,又a1,a2,a3,a4,a5成等比数列,所以an1an0(n
6、5),q1,而a50,所以a10,从而a13,所以an所以Sn三上台阶,自主选做志在冲刺名校1设等差数列an满足a11,an0(nN*),其前n项和为Sn,若数列也为等差数列,则的最大值是_解析:设数列an的公差为d,依题意得2,因为a11,所以2,化简可得d2a12,所以an1(n1)22n1,Snn2n2,所以222121.故的最大值是121.答案:1212(2016常州调研)设等差数列an,bn的前n项和分别为Sn,Tn,若对任意nN*都有,则_.解析:因为数列an,bn为等差数列,所以,因为,所以.答案:3已知数列an满足,an1an4n3(nN*)(1)若数列an是等差数列,求a1的
7、值;(2)当a12时,求数列an的前n项和Sn.解:(1)法一:数列an是等差数列,ana1(n1)d,an1a1nd.由an1an4n3,得(a1nd)a1(n1)d4n3,2dn(2a1d)4n3,即2d4,2a1d3,解得d2,a1.法二:在等差数列an中,由an1an4n3,得an2an14(n1)34n1,2dan2an(an2an1)(an1an)4n1(4n3)4,d2.又a1a22a1d2a124131,a1.(2)当n为奇数时,Sna1a2a3ana1(a2a3)(a4a5)(an1an)2424(n1)3.当n为偶数时,Sna1a2a3an(a1a2)(a3a4)(an1an)19(4n7).