1、【知识要点】一、定语从句的意义形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。二、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。关系副词有when，where，why等。关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。1.关系代词的用法：1)由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledg
2、e to the student.教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。（关系代词who在从句中作主语）2)由whom引导的定语从句关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：The man whom you met on the street is my father.你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略）The woman (whom)you talked with yeste
3、rday will come here the day after tomorrow.昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略）3)由that引导的定语从句关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如：She is the woman that often comes here.她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人）The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此
4、句中的that可以用which替换）Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢？（关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换）The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)4)由which引导的定语从句关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也
5、可以作宾语。如：He came late，which made the teacher angry.他来晚了，这使老师很生气。（which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语）That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。（which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略）5)由whose引导的定语从句关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 （whose作定语，
6、指人）注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了
7、。2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。先行词为those时，宜用who。如：Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看电影的人在这儿签名。一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。The boy that you me
8、t at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。There is no work that can be done now. 没
9、有什么工作现在能做的了。当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如：Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。It is (high)time+定语从
10、句中。如：It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或
11、者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isnt far from here.我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：This is the very pen that I am loo
12、king for.这正是我找的钢笔。The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：Who was it that was lost? 究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复）What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？当先行词前有序数词时。如：You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。This is the second book
13、that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗？当先行词既指人又指物时。如：The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞
14、美。Lets talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。如：Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。当先行词是疑问代词who时。如：Who that you h
15、ave ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：This is the book (which) you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。I dont like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：Those who are in their forties are required to have a physi
16、cal examination this afternoon.请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。（先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了）This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent）5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如：The story which I read last night is very interest
17、ing.我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。3.关系副词的用法1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期吗？注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he came，he did his best to
18、 help us.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们住的旅馆。I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。注：where有时也可以省略。如：This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只
19、有reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。注：why时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when = on (in，at，during.)+which;where = in (at，on.)+which;why = for which.如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he
20、 arrived.他到的时候，当时我正在北京。The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.他工作的办公室在三楼。This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。2)当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：Ill never forget the day when
21、my hometown was liberated.我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物时，就只能用which。1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关
22、系代词不能省略。如：He has found a good job for which he is qualified.他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。（qualify + 名词+for意为“使具有资格”）The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。（ talk to+名词意为“与某人谈话”）He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他
23、在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。（名词+rent at+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”）2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗
24、号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高树。The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed.那只猴子过了河，在河中央它差点淹死。注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：This is the pen which Im looking for.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。The boys he is
25、looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。4.介词+关系代词=关系副词1）这就是我们去年住过的房间。This is the room which we lived in last year.This is the room in which we lived last year.This is the room where we lived last year.2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.I still remember the day
26、when I joined the Party.通过对上述知识的掌握，对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如：那就是他工作的大学。四、定语从句的种类以及区别1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替
27、代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。请看下面例句的不同含义：限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。She has two sons who are P.L.A. men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A. men.)非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。She has two sons，who are P.L.A. men.(She has only two sons. They are both P.L.A. men.)体会下列非限制性定语
28、从句Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy.昨天我遇到了李平，他看起来很忙。We will put off the meeting until next week，when we wont be so busy.我们将把会议推迟到下周举行，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别：which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。如：As he realize
29、d，I was very useful to him.（在前）正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。Air，as we know，is a gas.（在中）空气，众所周知，是一种气体。He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent.(在后)他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。He came late again，which made his boss angry.（在后）他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am，is，are，则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。如：He is a te
30、acher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是个老师，这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。He said he had never seen her before，which was not true.（was 不可省略）他说他从来没见过她，这一点不对。当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“这件事”。如：He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。She has married again
31、，which (and this，and that)was unexpected.出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如：Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。As is announced in todays newspaper，we must improve our style of work.今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。
32、如:He married her，which was natural.（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious.(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，不带有“如那样”的意思时，往往用which，而不用as。如：They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them.他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来
33、说是莫大的荣幸。We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable.我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I cant bear.妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待，这让我无法忍受。当定语从句有“如同那样”的意思时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如：Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes，as is often the case.事与愿违，这是常有的事。As
34、 was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression.这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。Chaucer is buried in “Poets Corner”，as might have been expected.正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.这种材料有弹性，如图所示。as we know众所周知as has been said above/before正如前文所述as h
35、as been pointed out正如已经指出的as might be imagined可以想像得到当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years.泰晤士河，现在已经很干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。带介
36、词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。如：There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time.我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别：先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又作介词的宾语时，只能用which。如：This is the pan
37、 in which I boiled the milk. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。如：There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如：Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.认识汤姆的女人都认为他很迷人。I have never heard such stories as he tells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。He is not such a man
38、as I expected.他不是我期望的那种人。前面有the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如：We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。This is the same wallet as I lost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有着同样的困难。总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题1.one of+
39、复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如：Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.泰坦尼克号是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如：The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时
40、，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.中国发生了巨大的变化，众所周知。4.其他情况I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，要尽全力帮助你。To own a color TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.每家拥有一台彩电，这在20年前我们认为不
41、可能的事情，现在变成了现实。Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about? 你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗？【考点诠释】考点1 “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点，一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：The pen with which he wrote was made in China他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。The train on which Tom trave
42、lled to Canada was very fast汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大树。考点2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定1as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。(1)此时的as意为“正如，正像”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如：You are clever，as all those who know you can see你很聪
43、明，所有认识你的人都能看出来。(2)在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如：As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger众所周知，中国正变得越来越强大。(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如：As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student这是一个事实，迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。特别提示主句中出
44、现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意：(1)the samethat与the sameas引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西；而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较：This is the same bag that I lost yesterday这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)(2)such/soas和such /
45、sothat结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。如：They talked in such simple English as children could understand他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语)He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke他如此用力地关窗，结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)2which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。(
46、1)which此时指前面主句所提到的，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如：He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied他工作干得不错，这使得他的老板很满意。(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如：She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents她在比赛中取得成功，这使得她的父母很满意。(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。如：He ofte
47、n works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office他通常工作到深夜，到那时其他人已下班了。特别提示高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说，如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述，那么这两个词都可以使用；如果从句的含义是对主句的否定，或者语意不是顺接的，则只能用which。如：He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected他上学迟到了，这是我们意料中的。He came late to
48、 school，which surprised US a11他上学迟到了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)考点3 关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说，关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较：Ill never forget the days which I spent with you我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)Ill never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Be
49、ijing我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语，studied在此处为不及物动词，后面不再接宾语)考点4 定语从句的间隔现象定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下，对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要，而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况：在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语，或被谓语动词分隔开。如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago wh
50、en I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace? 你还记得十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链吗?(先行词one afternoon与定语从句被状语ten years ago分隔开了)A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German明天，一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词a new teacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语will come tomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略：(1)作及物动词的宾语时；(2)作介词的宾语，当关系代
51、词与介词分开使用时，可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用，则不能省略。如：The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)who is the teacher (whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似，稍不认真就会出错。1定语从
52、句与同位语从句的区别定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the company他许诺如果他能获得那份工作，他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)Mikes parents made a special promise to Tom t
53、hat surprised Tom迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)2定语从句与强调句的区别定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/wasthat/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句。如：It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi在1998年，洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many
54、houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)3定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子；并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词；通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。以where为例来说明：Lets have a short meeting where we met last time我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)This is the pl
55、ace where we had a meeting last time这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place) 定语从句考点典型陷阱题分析1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which wasB. it wasC. which wereD. them were【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which
56、 were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which isB. it isC. which areD. them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the
57、 city police station.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are(3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them are2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get
58、 some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以
59、修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. Th
60、atD. What此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：(1) _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It(2) _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It4.
61、David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 a
62、s 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）：It was not such a good dinner _ she had pr
63、omised us.A. likeB. thatC. whichD. as5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. thatB. itC. themD. which【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：(1) His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now wort
64、h $50, 000.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer.A. thatB. itC. themD. which(3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper.A. thatB. itC. themD. which类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4) George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was
65、 a warm-hearted person.A. thatB. himC. themD. whom(5) Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students. A. thatB. whoC. themD. whom6. He had thousands of students, many of _ gained gre
66、at success in their own field.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)：(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy to answer.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(2) H
67、e asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. themB. whichC. whatD. that(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _ knew anything about the other.A.
68、 themB. whomC. whichD. who7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：(1) They put forward a lot of plan
69、s at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选A，none of them wer
70、e carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seate
71、d together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated toget
72、her joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。(3) On Sundays th
73、ere were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选B。whose par
74、ents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。9. If the man is only interested in
75、 your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：(1) If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK.A. asB. whichC. and itD. that(2) If you want a double room, _ will
76、cost another 15. A. asB. whichC. whatD. that(3) Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me. A. thatB. whichC. and itD. so(4) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. asB. whichC. whatD. that10. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our
77、company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a s
78、ecretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：(1) Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。(2) Our company will move to a tall building _ has just been complete.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where选A，wh
79、ich 在定语从句中用作主语。(3) Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。精编陷阱题训练1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they grewB. they grew once C. they once grewD. once grew2. In the of
80、fice I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _ many people have gone home.A. thatB. whichC. whose timeD. by which time3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explainedB. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained4. Luckily, wed brought a ro
81、ad map without _ we would have lost our way. A. itB. thatC. thisD. which5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _ efforts he still suffers. A. whichB. that C. whoseD. what6. Its said that hes looking for a new job, one _ he can get more money to support his family. A. whenB. wh
82、ereC. thatD. which7. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when8. The little time we have together well try _ wisely.A. spending itB. to spend itC. to spendD. spending that9. The old building, behind _ was a famous church, was _ we used to work.A. that
83、, the placeB. it, the placeC. which, whereD. what, where10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. whatB. which C. whereD. when11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, _ the country became united. A. whenB. ifC. sinceD. until
84、12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.A. once they grewB. they grew onceC. that once grewD. once grew13. You could see the runners very well from _ we stood.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A
85、. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose15. What have you got _ will help a cold? A. whatB. thatC. itD. who16. He was very angry and I can still remember the way _ he spoke to me.A. howB. thatC. whatD. which17. Do you know the man from _ house the pictures were stolen?A. w
86、hichB. thatC. whatD. whose18. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. whyB. whichC. asD. where19. Is this all that you need? If you married me, Id give you everything you _.A. wantB. wantedC. had wantedD. are wantin
87、g20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday _ taught me English three years ago. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who 21. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why22. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance
88、 to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what24. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _ they faced many years ago. A. thatB.
89、 which C. that whichD. it25. I saw some trees the leaves of _ were black with disease. A. thatB. which C. itD. what26. The famous basketballer, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who27. When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement
90、rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _ she had arranged with James.A. the which was whatB. what was thatC. which was whatD. that was that【答案与解析】1. 选 C。先行词是 those，可视为 those flowers 之省略。they once grew 前省略了关系代词 which。全句意为：这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的。2. 选D。by which time 引出的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中 by which tim
91、e 相当于 and by that time。3. 选 A。注意不能选 D，因为动词 explained 缺宾语。4. 选 D。which 指 the road map。5. 选C。from whose efforts he still suffers 为修饰 a serious illness 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰 efforts。6. 选B。where 引导定语从句修饰 one。注：one 在此指 a new job。类似地，下面一题的答案是C，因为one that 相当于 a problem that：The problem is _ has caused
92、us a lot of trouble. A. oneB. thatC. one thatD. that one7. 选 D。先行词是表时间的 age(时代)，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用 when。8. 选C。该句的正常词序为 We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely.9. 选C。第一空填 which，指 the old building；第二空填 where，用以引导表语从句。10. 选 C。先行词是地点名词 places，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用 where。11. 选A。when 引导的是非
93、限制性定语从句。12. 选C。that once grew in the forest 为修饰 those 的定语从句。13. 选B。where 在此相当于 the place where。14. 选 B。the price of which was very reasonable 为非限制性定语从句，其中的 the price of which 相当于 and its price 或 and the price of it。假若空格前有并列连词 and，则可选 C。15. 选B。that will help a cold 为修饰 what 的定语从句。比较：Have you got anyt
94、hing that will help a cold? 以及 Ive got nothing that will help a cold.16. 选B。the way 后不接how 引导的从句，换句说，how 不是关系代词或关系副词，不能引导定语从句。以the way 为先行词的定语从句通常用 that 或 in which 来引导，在非正式文体中也可省略 that 和 in which。17. 选D。from whose house the pictures were stolen 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰 house。18. 选 D。先行词
95、是 many cases，关系副词 where =in which。19. 选A。尽管句中用了 if you married me, Id give you everything 这样的虚拟语气句子，但修饰everything 的定语从句 (that) you want 却要用陈述语语气，因为它是回答前面 Is this all that you need? 这一提问的。20. 选 D。因定语从句缺主语，且关系代词指人，故选D。21. 选A。where 所引导的为修饰 a dangerous situation 的定语从句。22. 选 A。选项中的 I think 是插入语，若略去不看便可清楚
96、地看出答案。23. 选 B。of course 为插入语，若将项其去掉，则答案显然是B。24. 选C。that which相当于 the problem which。25. 选B。the leaves of which 相当于 whose leaves。26. 选 D。先行词是 The famous basket baller(著名的篮球明星)，故要用 who 来引导定语从句，因为其余三项均不用于指人。27. 选 C。which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，其中 which 指代 a cheaper one，且在定语从句中用作主语。which was what 中的 what引导一个表语从句，它
97、相当于 the one that。【试题放送】10福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 2答案B考点定语从句解析先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where。10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech conte
98、st last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which答案A考点考查定语从句。解析该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。10江西The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what答案A考点考查定语从句。解析先行词为center, she would sta
99、y for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What答案C考点本题考查定语从句的引导词。解析句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。10山东Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on wh
100、ich B. by which C. to which D. from which答案C考点此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句解析考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthatwe may return to in the near future.10天津-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. t
101、hat答案C考点考查定语从句。解析句意：你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barbers 是先行词, 从句中go 是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。10四川After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where答案B考点考查定语从句。解析此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, whic
102、h代替前边整个句子。句意为： “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”10全国As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that答案A考点此题考查非限定性定语从句。解析句意：还是孩子的时候, Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。根据选项此题考查从句, 空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从
103、句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。10江苏The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which答案D考点定语从句解析定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙100陕西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now
104、 under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose答案D考点考查定语从句。解析所填词引导定语从句, 先行词是the old temple, 关系词在从句中做roof的定语, 用关系代词whose, 选D。其余选项与题意不符。10全国I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what答案B考点定语从句。解析不定代词something作主语, 用that引导。10北京Children who are not a
105、ctive or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing答案B考点本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。解析不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分, 为主系表结构, 因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的, 符合题意。10重庆In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is re
106、cognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that答案C考点考查定语从句。解析development与先行词cities之间是所属关系, 所以选whose。句意是：在中国, 城市的数量在增加, 城市的发展被全世界意识到。10浙江The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those答案A考点本题考查定语
107、从句引导词。解析由many之后的逗号和选项特征, 此处是主从句关系, 排除C、D项。由于先行词是 “1,000 people”, 表示人, 故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人, 他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句
108、子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。【2011全国卷II）7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which【答案】D【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。【2011北京卷）26】
109、Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【考点】考查非限定性定语从句。【解析】逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。【2011上海卷) 39】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host famil
110、y.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。【2011山东卷）32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【答案】D【考点】此题考察定语从句的引导词。【解析】关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房
111、子挨得很近。【2011江西卷）34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which【答案】C【考点】考察定语从句【解析】先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。【2011江苏卷）24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audi
112、ence can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interv
113、al表时间，所以正确答案为A【2011安徽卷）28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中
114、作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。【2011浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有应用关系代词which。【2011浙江卷）10】A bank is the place
115、_ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。【2011福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely wit
116、h each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。【2011福建卷）33】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.AthatBwhenCsinceDbefore【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】去掉It
117、was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29，2011。【2011四川卷）17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where【答案】D【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”【2011天津卷）
118、10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which【答案】A【考点】考察定语从句。【解析】句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。【2011陕西卷）11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. whic
119、h B. where C. who D. that【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。，答案选择【2011湖南卷)25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that【答案】C【考点】本题考察定语从句中复合关系代词的用法。【解析】介词后只能使用的关系代词是which
120、, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言，故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom17. 【考点】定语从句【答案】B【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做
121、宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】中等【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which9.【考点】定语从句 【答案】B【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。【难度】中等【2012江苏卷】22.After the flooding, people were su
122、ffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what22. 【考点】定语从句关系代词【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。【举一反三】由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词
123、在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。（关系代词who在从句中作主语）【难度】一般【2012重庆卷】29. Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as salesA. which B. that C. when D. where29.【考点】定语从句【答案】D【解析】“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“wh
124、ere”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。【难度】一般技巧点拨：句意表示“我已经达到人生的一个转折点，应该自己做决定。”先行词是point, 关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，正确答案为B选项。【2012四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them13.【答案与解析】 C 本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。【2
125、012陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. whereC.whichD. whatA15【答案与解析】C 考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. whi
126、ch C. where D. when 26. B。非限制性定语从句，which作表语。【2012全国II】8. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when【答案】B【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。7【2012天津卷】I wish to thank Prof
127、essor Smith, without_help I would never have got this far.【B】A. who B. whoseC. whomD. which 38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what38. 答案：A解析：题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，_ interact with one another
128、是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. What B. where C. when D. why13.B。考查定语从句。where引导的定语从句修饰platform，where再从句中充当地
129、点状语。解题思路：1.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句；2.查找先行词；3.判断从句主干是否完整，确定关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当什么成分。【句意】这家博物馆将在春天开放，有一个展览和一个观看平台，在这个平台上参观者可以看到正在建造一个大玻璃屋。 24John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhom24. D。本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是peop
130、le，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，排除。【拓展】英语中两个句子之间是必须要有一个连词的，简单说，如果在一个逗号的前面和后面的句子之中没有连词的话，那这个句子就是错误的。【句意】约翰邀请了四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。16 is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As16. B。本题考查定语从句。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句，放在句首，同时在从句中作主语
131、，为正确答案；如果用it或者that，那么整个句子中缺少一个连词，排除选项A和B； 如果用what，逗号前面应该是一个主语从句，主语从句之后应该是谓语动词，而不是逗号之后再来一个句子，排除。【句意】等医生到的时候，Amy好多了，孩子都这样。9 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where9. D。本题考查定语从句。the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词where。【拓展】关
132、系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。【句意】现在人们更加关心他们所生活的环境。35 Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. when B. where C. which D. whom35.C。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为island，而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语，所以用关系代词that或which；when和where引
133、导定语从句时用做状语；而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。【句意】最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。 31There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.A. as B. that C. when D. where31.A。本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。That是不可以引导非限制性定语从的；而when和where引导定语从句时不做主语。【句意】没有简单的答案，正如科学界的许多情况一样。 34 He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the nati
134、onal team.Ain which case Bin that case Cin what case Din whose case34. A。本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，He may win the competition为主句，剩下的只可以为从句，故先排除B。本题中，in which case引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and in that case。所以选A。【拓展】考生务必牢记：what不可引导定语从句。 33 He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.A. what B. wh
135、ich C. where D. how33.C考查定语从句。解题关键是判断定语从句关联词的选择方法，即：根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中做地点状语，因此，正确答案为C。【句意】他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。【拓展】what与how都不可以引导定语从句。 32 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen33.
136、C。本题考查固定短语在语境中的使用。A. take a share分担，为出力 B. take a chance冒险 C. take a turn转弯，转；（情况、形势等）转变 D. take a lead领先，带头。根据本句，for the better的提示，可见是讲转变，变得更好，所以选C。【句意】有了源于其他食品文化的灵感，美国饮食文化可以变得更好。 21 Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whom B. whoC. what D. whi
137、ch21. B。考查定语从句。who指代先行词those（那些人），在从句中做主语， whom不能做主语，which指物，what不能引导定语从句，故选择B。解题技巧：找主干，析从句。1.找主干：因为主句完整， Happiness and success often come to those.不难看出本题考查定语从句，排除what。2.析从句:_are good at recognizing their own strengths,缺主语，先排除whom，先行词those（那些人），排除which，故选择who。【句意】幸福和成功总青睐能善于意识到自己长处的人们。27 The book te
138、lls stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which27. A。本题考查定语从句。_ lives were affected.是定语从句，修饰those，从句的主语是_ lives，缺修饰语，所以选whose。【句意】这本书从经历过地震的人的角度来讲述地震的故事。 27Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be prot
139、ected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where27. D。本题考查定语从句的连词。空处之后是一个定语从句，先行词是park，在定语从句中作地点状语，“in the park”，故应该选用关系副词where。【句意】许多国家都在建立国家公园，可以保护很多动植物。【小窍门】定语从句中关系词的选择取决于在定语从句中的句法作用，要看它做什么成分，而不是表示什么，如表示时间，地点等的先行词，在定语从句中未必就是做时间或者地点状语，如果是做主语，宾语，表语，那就不能用关系副词when，where，而应该根据具体情况，选用关系代词。 29 Mo Yan was award
140、ed the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich29. D。本题考查定语从句的关系词。首先根据句意确定逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，锁定正确答案是which；that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，排除；what不能引导定语从句，排除；如果用it， 根据句子结构，它的前面缺少一个连词，排除。【句意】莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，使得中国人长久以来的一个梦想成真了。6 We have launc
141、hed another manmade satellite，_ is announced in todays newspaper.A. that B. which Cwho Dwhat 6.B。本题考查非限制性定语从句。本句中which指代的就是前面整句话的内容，即我们又发射了一颗人造卫星这件事，可翻译成“这一点”。【句意】我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这一事件在今天的新闻中得到了报道。 4When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.A. what B. when C. where D. which4. C
142、。本题考查定语从句的连词。空处之后是一个定语从句，解题关键就是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。这个句子中，先行词是house，在定语从句中，做地点状语，即：I would be staying in the house，所以要用关系副词where。【句意】当我到达的时候，布莱恩带我去看房子，我将住在那个房子里。【小窍门】定语从句关系词的选择，关键要看关系词在定语从句中的句法作用，而不是看它是关于什么的名词，例如，如果先行词是表示时间地点的名词，具体用哪个关系词，要看它在从句中是做状语还是做主语宾语表语，如果是做时间或者地点状语，那就用关系副词when或者where；如果是做主语宾语表语，那就要根据具体情况选用关系代词。5. The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom5.D。考查 定语从句。非限制性定语从句，介词of后用whom指代着前面的children。解题思路：1.数谓语，句子中有两个谓语，需要连词，排除C；2.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句，排除A；3.先行词是人，排除B，选择D。【句意】孩子们，玩了一整天，都筋疲力尽了。
