1、 2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练精品（41）及答案阅读理解-BUnited States CapitolIt serves as the seat of government for the US Congress. It is localted in Washington,D.C.,on top of Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall.Officially, both the east and west sides of the Capitol are referred to as “fronts,”Historica
2、lly,however, the east front was initially the side of the building intended for the arrival of visitors and famous guests.Phone:(202) 225-6827Official website:www.aoc.govHours:Monday-Saturday：9:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m.International Spy Museum It is a privately owned museum dedicated to the fidld of espiona
3、ge localed in Washington.D.C.,The museum was built by The Malrite Company at a cost of US $ 40 million.Despite being one of the few museums in Washington that charges admission fees,it has been popular since its opening in July 2002.Phone:(202) 393-7798Official website:www.spymuseum.orgHours:Monday-
4、Sunday:9:30 a.m.-6:00 p.m.National Museum of Natural HistoryIt is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution,localed on the National Mall in Washington,D.C.,Admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year,The museums collertions total over 125 million speciments of
5、 plants,animals,fossils,minerals,rocks,meteorites（陨石），and human cultural artifacts ,making it the largest such museum anywhere .It is the second most popular of all of the Smithsonian museums and is also home to aboud 185 professional matural history scientists the largest group of scientists dedica
6、ted to the study of the natural and cultural history in the world.Phone:(202) 633-1000Official website:www.mnh.si.eduJefferson Memorial It is a presidential memorial in Washington,D.C.,dedicated to Thomas Jefferson,an American Founding Father and the third president of the United States,The neoclass
7、ical building was designed by John Russell Pope, It was built by Philadelphia contractor John Mc.Shain .Construction began in 1939,the building was completed in 1942,and the bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 ,When completed,the memorial occupied one of the last significant sites left in t
8、he city.Phone:(202) 426-6821Official wdhsite:www.mps.gov/thje60.Which admission is free?A.United States Capitol B.Jefferson Memorial C.International Spy Museum D.National Museum of Natural History61.Visitors can learn more about in the Jefferson Memorial.A.the third American president B.the US gover
9、nmentC.rock collections D.natural history 62.Where does this text probably come from? A.A science textbook B.A tourist guideC.A museum guide D.A history report【参考答案】DAB 【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布 高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐而科普类文章往往具有跨学科行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握【试
10、题特点】 注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象 贴近学生的学习生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析解决实际问题的能力(4)科学方法图示判断题 科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分
11、析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/c
12、orrect?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This
13、dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stor
14、ies from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of th
15、e United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies_ .A.between Arizna and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进
16、行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of be
17、ing Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed
18、 by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin
19、 with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongk
20、ong with her parents，因此选B。 3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .二、此类题的设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcin
21、g the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be infer
22、red from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After readi
23、ng the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_. 15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读
24、理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.The word “.”in Line.means/can be replaced by. 2.As used in the passage,the phrase “.”suggests.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.The word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大
25、的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。The he
26、rdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m
27、.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years
28、.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。C52013新课标全国卷 CIt happened to me
29、recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obamas Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”However，he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way
30、 which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar. And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent.In the World Book Days “Report on Guilty Secrets”，Dreams From My Fa
31、ther is at number 9.The report lists ten books，and various authors，which people have lied about reading，and as Im not one to lie too often (Id hate to be caught out)，Ill admit here and now that I havent read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，I have read the
32、book at number one，George Orwells 1984.I think its really brilliant.The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen，Charles Dickens，Fyodor Dostoevsky(I havent read him，but havent lied about it either )and Herman M
33、elville.Asked why they lied，the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more indepth!But when asked which authors they actually enjoy，people named JK.Rowling，John Grisham，Sophie Kinsella(ah，the big sellers，in other words)Fortytw
34、o percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(Ill come clean：I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)64How did the author find his friend a book liar?ABy judging his manner of speaking.BBy looking int
35、o his background.CBy mentioning a famous name.DBy discussing the book itself.65Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?ACharles Dickens is very low on the topten list.B42% of people pretended to have read 1984.CThe author admitted having read 9 books.DDream
36、s From My Father is hardly read.66By lying about reading，a person hopes to _Acontrol the conversationBappear knowledgeableClearn about the bookDmake more friends67What is the authors attitude to 58% of readers?AFavorable.BUncaring.CDoubtful.DFriendly.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过与朋友聊天引出本文的话题book liar，列举了大家谎称
37、读了实际未读的书目，以及大家喜欢的一些作家，并阐述了人们撒谎的常见理由。64D细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，作者跟他的朋友深谈有关奥巴马的那本书时，发现朋友对奥巴马的背景一无所知，这暗示出朋友其实并没有读过这本书。故选D。65B推理判断题。本题的关键词是guilty secret，定位第二、三段。根据文章第二段中的“But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwells 1984.”可知，作者读过1984这本书，而42%的人没读过
38、却装作读过。故选B。66B细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to impress someone they were speaking to.”可知，人们之所以选择撒谎是想让对方觉得自己知识渊博，从而给对方留一个好的印象。因此B正确。67C推理判断题。文章第五段的最后一句话表明作者的态度，故选C。阅读理解-AYou know the horse-riding events at the Olympics? Do the horses get medals?No they dont, only the
39、men and women.Men and women?Thats right. Equestrian is the only Olympic sport in which men and women compete against each other.Really?Yes, and its also the only Olympic sport, along with modern pentathlon（五项全能运动）, where humans and animals compete together.Well, people have ridden horses since the b
40、eginning of time, havent they?I dont know but horses have played an important role in human history all over the world, in war and peace.And when did they start using horses for sport?Hard to say, but there were horses at the ancient Olympics, in the chariot（战车） events.Did anyone famous take part?We
41、ll, the Roman emperor Nero competed in the Games in A.D. 67. He nearly died when he raced a ten-horse chariot. He also performed as an actor and a singer.Is that right? What about the modern Olympics? They dont have chariot races nowadays, do they?No, nor acting or singing, either. But equestrian fi
42、rst appeared in the modern Olympic programme in 1900. Nowadays there are three events: dressage, jumping, and eventing.Whats the difference?Well, in dressage the rider guides the horse to make the natural movements that it does without thinking in the wild. In jumping they jump over a series of obst
43、acles（障碍） as fast as they can, and eventing is a combination of these, with cross-country jumping as well.It sounds to me like the horse should get the medal.I agree. How about Nautical, also known as Injun Joe? He not only competed at the Olympics, but also starred in the Walt Disney film called “T
44、he Horse With The Flying Tail”. The film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film in 1960.I bet they didnt give the horse the Academy Award either.59The passage is written mainly to . Ahelp you enjoy Equestrian at the Olympic GamesBintroduce the Roman comparer to youCtell you who has
45、got the horse riding medalsDargue that horses should have won the medal60How many sports are there on the Olmypre programmed where men and women competes against each other?AOne.BTwo.CThree.DFour.61How many things did the Roman empetor Nero do at the Games in AD 67? AOne.BTwo.CThree.DFour.62What can audience enjoy in Equestrian at the modern Olympics?AMen or women dressed differently.BHorses jumping across the field fast.CRiders walking without thinking.DActors or singers performing wildly.
