1、2012高考总复习:短文改错精讲精练知识讲解明确误项设置,精准改正错误短文改错精讲精练同学们往往觉得要找到短文的错误很难,得分总是不高。这主要是命题老师往往在学生运用英语的过程容易忽略和出错的地方设错。为了提高短文改错题的解题能力,同学们一方面要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力,了解句子、段落容易出错的方面。另外,还应该对考题错项设置的基本情况有所了解,做题时直奔易错点去,而不是漫无目的地找,从而提高解题的效率和正确率。 短文改错口诀:动词形,名词数;还要注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。一、动词形主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及
2、主、谓不一致的错误。例如:(2011高考英语全国新课标卷). I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.(把feel改为felt).but the only clothes I had was those I had on.(把was改为were)上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数,或将单数写成复数。例如:(2011高考英语全国新课标卷)It felt ve
3、ry strange to travel without my luggages. (把luggages改为luggage)(2011高考英语全国大纲卷)One of my unforgettable memory of my school in. (把memory改为memories)三、区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:(2011高考英语四川卷)He had time for a properly breakfast and. (把properly改为proper)(2011高考英语重庆卷)Although her English is
4、 a little hardly to understand,. (把hardly改为hard)需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。四、非谓动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:(2011高考英语辽宁卷)Wayne Tyler, who., decided to making his finds known. (把making改为make)Follow this explanation,there was a rapid drop in. (把follow改为followin
5、g)(2011高考英语全国新课标卷)I was at the Shanghai Railway station buy a ticket to. (把buy改为buying)上述第一例是用不定式短语做目的状语;第二、三例是现在分词做状语。一般地,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。五、习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:(2011高考英语全国新课标卷)I was going to. and after that I would go to Xiamen
6、 for long holiday.(应该是for a holiday)(2011高考英语浙江卷)There was one on particular Id always wanted. (把on改为in, in particular为固定搭配)六、句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:(2011高考英语浙江卷)I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to(去掉to) playing with toy
7、or faced(改为face) my cousin again.第一处enjoy后直接跟doing 做宾语,不需要to;第二处则是没有理解face在句中和enjoy一样紧接be able to,用动词原形。七、逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:(2011高考英语辽宁卷)Wayne Tyler, who. They wrote an article, which said that.(根据上文逻辑,应把They改为He)(2011高考英语浙江卷)Since his family
8、 was rich than mine.(把rich改为richer,此处表示比较,应用比较级)除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)语法口诀要记牢:(一)见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语;见到名词想多数,可不可数要记牢;见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称;见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理;带宾语必带to,不带宾语不带 to;小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级;比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级。(二)谓与非谓经常混,谓语句中就一个,其余动词非谓语;常见形式有三种:v-ing ,v-ed和to do;主谓通常v-ing,动宾通常v-ed,现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,目的要用不定式。by前过分来相拥,by后动名词后抱;介词后跟动名词。时态基点要看准,现在还是过去时。