1、2014高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（12）及答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-AMore than 17 ,000 flights to and from European airspace were cancelled, including all flights from Britain s major airports. The Met office reported that volcanic ash had begun to fall across Britain, coating surfaces with a fine layer of dust and raising fe
2、ars for people with breathing difficulties. Meanwhile experts warned of shortages of some foods with produce destined for British shops in airport warehouses in other parts of the world. Geologists reported that activity at the volcano increased yesterday, spewing a plume of ash 5.3 miles high into
3、the atmosphere. The Icelandic Meteorological Office said the winds blowing the volcanic ash south east to Europe and up into Scandinavia and Russia will continue in the same direction for at least two days and could go on until Wednesday. But scientists fear there could be more eruptions from the 5，
4、466-foot volcano, Mount Eyjafjallajkull. A university geophysicist said：“From what we ve seen, it could erupt，pause for a few weeks，and then possibly erupt again. It could go on for months. ” As the no fly zone expanded yesterday, so did the chaos. The Icelandic volcano causing travel chaos across E
5、urope could go on erupting for months, geologists have warned.The National Air Traffic Control Service ( Nats) extended restrictions on flights from British airports to 7p. m. on Sunday, with the expectation of further extensions. Ferry operators have reported record bookings. P&O took 6,000 foot pa
6、ssengers across the channel on Friday compared to the 100 to 200 it would expect on a normal Friday in April. Eurostar trains were fully booked until tomorrow, with 50,000 more passengers than normal since the airline disruption (中断）began on Thursday，including comedian John Cleese who arrived back i
7、n London last night after a most difficult overland journey from Switzerland. The operator is charging passengers a minimum 223 for a single ticket from Paris to London over the next two days prompting criticisms of profiteering. A return ticket can normally be bought for as little as 69. Eurostar d
8、enied it was cashing in. some 4,000 British tourists have been stranded in South Africa. The British Embassy in Athens said there were currently “many thousand” British holidaymakers trying to leave Greece after the holidays, in many cases anxious to get back in time for the start of the school term
9、 this week，with some of those desperate to return resorting to renting cars or embarking on long trains journeys. 1. Where is the volcano, Mount Eyjafjallajkull located?A. England.B. Ireland.C. Iceland.D. Switzerland.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第六段 “The Icelandic volcano ”可知， 答案为C。2. The worst affected proble
10、m for most of the Europeans during the eruption was_.A. breathing difficultiesB. shortages of foodC. the airline disruptionD. a fine layer of dust答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由第一、二段可知，火山喷发导致了欧洲航班取消、火山灰从天空落下、地上铺满了火山灰等问题，然而最严重的问题是第二段提到的 “and raising fears for people with breathing difficulties.” 呼吸困难引起了人们的恐惧，这威
11、胁到人们的生命安全，故答案为A。3. What does the underlined word chaos mean in Para 6?A. Danger.B. Anxiety.C. Desperation.D. Disorder.答案解析：答案为D。本题为词义猜测题。结合划线词语的下文 “The Icelandic volcano causing travel chaos across Europe could go on erupting for months .”可以推断，欧洲的火山可能会喷发几个月，它导致了旅行混乱（disorder.），故答案为D。A选项 “danger”意为“危
12、险”，B选项 “anxiety”意为 “焦虑”， C选项“desperation”意为“绝望”，均不符合文意，故不选。4. From the passage, we know that the volcano eruption_.A. forced all the people to go back homeB. brought the train company a large profitC. made 6,000 passengers take ships to cross the ChannelD. prevented British students from going to sc
13、hool on time答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第九段 “Eurostar trains were fully booked until tomorrow, with 50,000 more passengers than normal since the airline disruption began on Thursday”可知，自从航空线中断后，Eurostar火车票订购爆满，比通常多50,000名乘客，因此可以推断，火山喷发给火车公司带来了大量利润，故答案为B。 A选项表达有误。由第八段 “Ferry operators have reported record book
14、ings. P&O took 6,000 foot passengers across the channel on Friday ”可知，在周五有6,000 旅客乘坐渡船过海峡，可以推断，其他时间也有旅客乘坐渡船，故C选项的人数表达有误。由最后一段 “The British Embassy in Athens said there were currently “many thousand” British holidaymakers trying to leave Greece after the holidays, in many cases anxious to get back in
15、 time for the start of the school term this week”可知，外面度假的英国人努力离开希腊，其中很多人是为了及时赶上本周开学的时间，故D选项“阻止了英国学生按时上学”错误。 阅读理解-B- (2011湖北卷，B)Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each
16、 other.There are different explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each
17、 other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred HHarrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.It appears that usually the lowestranking
18、 members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other
19、.Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.When this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occ
20、ur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。5What is the possible similarity between wolves howling togethe
21、r and humans singing in chorus?AThe act of calling each other.BThe sense of accomplishment.CThe act of hunting for something.DThe sense of belonging to a group.答案：D。细节判断题。从第二段的信息词“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同点与选项D的说法是一致的。6Why does Harrington think the“social bond”th
22、eory may be wrong?AWolves separate from each other after howling.BWolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.CWolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.DWolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.答案：C。细节判断题。根据第三段中提到的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears
23、 that.be punished for joining.”都可以表明选项C的说法是符合原文之意的。7Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.Ashow their ranks Bfind their companionsCreport the missing onesDexpress their loneliness答案：B。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎
24、叫正是为了找伴儿，故选项B的说法是最符合原文的。来源:8“Howling.is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.Ahowling is a signal for huntingBhowling is a way of communicationChowling often occurs in the morningDhowling spreads from one to another答案：D。句意理解题。从最后一段中的第二句话中可以找到contagious一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项D所说的那样。阅读理
25、解- (2011海淀第二学期期末，C)Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one fulltime job. The two people willingly act as parttime workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a fulltime worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each rec
26、eive 50 percent of the jobs wages，its holidays and its other benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) parttime work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.Job sharing should not be c
27、onfused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rathe
28、r, is to provide wellpaid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britains Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of w
29、hom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek parttime work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift
30、back into fulltime work after a long absence.The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional oneposition jobs. However，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengt
31、hs, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be jobshared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.本文讲述了“job
32、 sharing”这一新的工作形式的特征及其要求。9In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?A. Work sharing requires more working hours.B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.D. Work sharing depends on the employers decision.答案：B。事实细节题。由第3段首句中的“work s
33、haring, which refers to increasing the number of jobs.”可知which引导的定语从句修饰work sharing，由此推出答案。10According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional parttime work mainy because _.A. they sought higher social statusB. they were over ideal working agesC. they had difficulty findi
34、ng fulltime jobsD. they had to take care of both work and family答案：A。推理判断题。由第4段倒数第2句可推知这些年轻妇女们选择job sharing这一工作形式是为了寻求更高的社会地位。故选A。11In job sharing the partners should _.A. enjoy equal social status B. have similar work experienceC. keep in touch with each other D. know each other very well答案：D。事实细节题
35、。由尾段后半段的内容可知D项正确。12The main purpose of the passage is to_.A. describe job sharing in generalB. discuss how to provide more jobsC. recommend job sharing to womenD. compare job sharing with work sharing答案：A。主旨大意题。总览全文可知本文旨在大体上描述“job sharing” 这一工作形式。故选A。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-B In modern society there is a great
36、 deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held t
37、he belief that their self-worth relied (依赖)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求)of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some
38、seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents o
39、r society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselv
40、es is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well
41、 one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.1. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Opinions about
42、 competition are different among people. C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的大意。文章第一段列举两种对待竞争的不同的观点，有人支持，有人反对；后面两段分别对两种观点进行阐述，因此本文的大意就是不同的人对待竞争有不同的观点，故答案为B。2. Why do some people favor competition according
43、to the passage? A. It pushes society forward. B. It builds up a sense of duty. C. It improves personal abilities. D.It encourages individual efforts. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第一段 “Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有些人对竞争的评价很高，认为是它促进了社会的进步和繁荣，故答案为A
44、。3. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _. A. those who try their best to win B. those who value competition most highly C. those who are against competition most strongly D. those who rely on others most for success 答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。由划线部分的前文 “However, while some seem to be
45、 lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition.” 可知，一些人似乎在成功的欲望里迷失了自己，然而另外一些人的态度相反，他们强烈谴责竞争，因此 “the most vocal”指代的是那些反对竞争的人，故答案为C。4What is the similar belief of
46、 the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”? A. Ones worth lies in his performance compared with others. B. Ones success in competition needs great efforts. C. Ones achievement is determined by his particular skills. D. Ones success is based on how hard he has tried.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由最后一
47、段 “Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，反对竞争的人也就是“渴望失败的人”和真正的竞争者都有着错误的想法：个人的自尊依赖于与别人比较时候的表现如何，故答案为A。5. Which point of vi
48、ew may the author agree to? A. Every effort should be paid back. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.答案解析：答案为D。本题考查作者的观点。由最后一段最后一句话 “Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有失败的恐惧感得到缓解我们才能发现竞争的新的意义之所在，故答案为D“竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧”。
