1、2014高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（12）及答案阅读理解-CMost young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some formsfootball, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion of climbing
2、 high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their l
3、eisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attracti
4、ve to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “ matches” between
5、“teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires h
6、igh mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perh
7、aps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.【文章大意】本文叙述了登山运动的独特之处以及登山运动员所要战胜的困难。登山运动员不遵循一些人为的规则，而是自由的用自己的方法来攀登，因此登山属于一种运动而不是一种比赛。登山运动员不仅要战胜内心的强迫意识而且要战胜自然界的力量。46. What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage?A. Soccer and golf. B.
8、 Skiing and skating. C. Cycling and hockey. D. Mountaineering.【答案】B【 解析】细节理解题。根据or in winter, skating or skiing.可知冬季人们喜爱的运动有滑雪和滑冰。故选B47. The underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _.A. strong emotion B. good way C. better feeling D. enough affection【答案】A【 解析】词义猜测题。根据willi
9、ng to suffer cold and hardship and to take risks in high mountains可知登山运动员愿意遭受寒冷和辛苦，冒险登山需要的是很强的热情和激情。故选A48. Mountaineering is a sport, not a game because_.A. it has man-made rules B. it is too dangerous for climbersC. it cant bring people joy or leisure D. it is free for climbers to use their own met
10、hods【答案】D【 解析】推理判断题。根据Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.可知登山运动员不遵循一些人为的规则，而是自由的用自己的方法来攀登，因此登山属于一种运动而不是一种比赛。故选D。49. We know from the passage that _. A. mountaineering has no appeal for people B. physical quality is more important than mental one for climbersC. a mountain cli
11、mber passes his best by the age of thirtyD. it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps【答案】D【 解析】推理判断题。根据But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.可知50岁或60岁的男人攀登最高山阿尔卑斯山是很常见的，是有可能的。故选D。50. What is the best title for the passage?A
12、. Sports in winter B. Team work in climbingC. Mountaineering D. The quality for mountaineering 【答案】C【 解析】标题归纳题。全文围绕着登山运动的独特之处，以及登山运动员需要战胜的困难，可知本文主要讲的是登山运动。故选C。较难题目特训：介绍说明类-15 Stress caused by social situations, such as giving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some peoples immune syste
13、m in ways that harm their health, researchers have found. The study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. Those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection also had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social
14、stress. “It turns out there are important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author George Slavich, at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said in a UCLA news release. “For example,” he explained, “we somet
15、imes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, its threatening and sad. In this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health a
16、nd well-being.”The findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. We have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but its been unclear exactly how these effects occur. As we know, this study is the first to ide
17、ntify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” Slavich said. Increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune systems natural response to potentially harmful situations, but “frequent or chronic (慢性的) activation of the syst
18、em may increase the risk for a variety of illnesses,” Slavich added. The study was released online Aug. 2 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.1. Where do you first find the study? A. A magazine.B. A website. C. A literature.D. A
19、n advertisement. 2. Judging from volunteers, might be more likely to have inflammation. A. those who were more sensitive to social rejectionB. those who were purposely put into societyC. those who gave a speech before audienceD. those who suffered frequent or chronic illness3. The author quotes exam
20、ples of the fourth paragraph mainly to. A. show further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connectedB. prove important differences in how people explain and respond to social situationsC. explain volunteers are sensitive to social rejection when exposed to social stressD. make clear that
21、how stress caused by social situations breaks down immune system4. We can infer thatif there is inflammatory response in peoples immune system. A. chronic illness will be caused by the repeated stress B. doctors can identify the neurocognitive pathwaysC. people may avoid being affected by sharp soci
22、al stressD. risk of getting various diseases will be reduced【参考答案】15. BABA较难题目特训：介绍说明类-16People can write many things about this life. In this case, precious moments become the compositions of history. What about you? People should learn from each other, thus they need to read the latest news. It is
23、 really interesting to spend your spare time and start your day in the morning. How can you get the information? You will never run out of choices, since there are many different resources to read out there. You can say hello to the world by clicking the mouse on your computer and you can also read
24、the daily newspaper in your patio (庭院). However, Internet offers fast and effective solutions for the readers. Reading the news on the Internet is just a simple task to do. If you are a mobile person, it is impossible for you to bring the computer and mouse. So, several digital devices are accessibl
25、e to meet your needs of latest information. You have iPad, smart phone and some other possible solutions. They are your best friends to gain the information about every single thing which has happened in certain part of the world. Now, its time to find the most reliable source. You can easily find t
26、he amount of websites on the Internet. They offer news and information about many different things, but only few of them will answer your questions. The reliable and accurate sources will let you read and think further about certain news and information. Definitely, you should find the site with var
27、ious popular categories of news. There should be some categories such as business, sports and technology. Where should you go now? You will find the answer at News Daily Spot and get the complete information about other issues. For you who love to know more about celebrity and biography, feel free t
28、o read the biography (传记) of several celebrities, such as Kourtney Kardashian. Read the news and see the face of the world today. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Many ways exist for us to know about the world. B. Newspaper plays an important part in our daily life. C. The Internet shorte
29、ns the distance between people. D. The Internet helps people get more information about the world. 2. You are always on business, so. A. it is convenient for you to carry a desktop computerB. youd better carry several digital devicesC. an iPad will benefit you a lotD. you only read newspapers every
30、day3. Why does the author say “its time to find the most reliable source”? A. You must find the reliable and accurate information. B. You can get all answers to any questions. C. Various websites will offer the same things. D. You should use your head to think over after reading. 4. The purpose of t
31、he author is. A. to get us to know more about the usage of InternetB. to advertise for News Daily SpotC. to draw attention to News Daily SpotD. to introduce more famous people5. Why does the author mention Kourtney Kardashian? A. To stress he is the most famous in the world. B. To introduce the all-
32、sidedness of the website. C. To give answers to the questions above. D. To show off the celebrities of the world. 【参考答案】16.DCDCB 阅读理解-DWhen times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When were hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old de
33、signer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelors degree in three years instead of four. Educational institu
34、tions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But theres a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a thr
35、ee-year curriculum (课程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required a
36、nd which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting (稀释)” the quality of the education they offer.In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college educati
37、on requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than its not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we shoul
38、d help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as
39、the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. 【文章大意】本文叙述了大学教育是否要削减时间，由四年制改为三年制。虽然许多美国大学没有正式的赞同三年制的教育模式，但是在美国大多数大学，有些优秀大学生可以提前毕业。作者认为四年制的大学教育质量比三年制的更优越，学生可以利用充足的时间在所主修的专业和领域变得越来越熟练。51. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Its time to shorten the learning processB. Best learning t
40、akes place over timeC. University education should be watered downD. College education calls for reform【答案】B【 解析】标题归纳题。根据A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.可知作者认为大学教育要求学生利用充足的时间在所主修的专业和领域变得熟练，也就是
41、要求最好的学习需要充足的时间。故选B52. We can learn from the passage that _.A. most American universities are against the “three-year degree” modelB. many famous US universities are considering adopting the “three-year degree” modelC. professors are willing to accept the “three-year degree” modelD. The “three-year d
42、egree” model can make college learning more efficient【答案】A【 解析】推理判断题。根据Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.可知几乎没有美国大学正式的赞同三年制的教育模式。故选A。53. In most US universities，_.A. college students are offered the co-op programB. electives credits make up one quarter of the req
43、uired creditsC. all students are required to finish four-year education before graduationD. some excellent students can graduate ahead of time【答案】D【 解析】推理判断题。根据most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of coll
44、ege credits.可知在美国大多数大学，有些优秀大学生可以提前毕业。故选D。54. We can infer that_.A. the author is a college professorB. the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to affordC. the author considers the university education quality very importantD. the author pays special attention to t
45、he all-round development of collegestudents【答案】C【 解析】推理判断题。根据In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education.可知作者认为四年制的大学教育质量比三年制的更优越，从中可推断作者认为大学的教育质量非常重要。故选C55. The first paragraph serves as a(n)_A. explanation B. definition C. introduction D. comment【答案】C【 解析】推理判断题。根据With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.可知全额的满时的高校学生渴望削减大学教育成本，由此导入下文的大学教育是否要削减时间。因此第一段起到了导入，介绍的作用。故选C。
