1、动词时态、语态考点聚焦和精讲【中考动词时态、语态和非谓语动词考点聚焦】1、 动词的基本形式；2、 动词的8种时态；3、被动语态；一 动词的基本形式1.英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去式和过去分词。如：speak-speaks-speaking-spoke-spoken动词的五种基本形式变化表形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式，也就是词典中一般给出的形式 be, have, do, learn第三人称单数形式一般情况下在动词原形后加-s runs, likes以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词后加-es teach-teaches, wash-w
2、ashes go-goes, pass-passes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es study-studies, carry-carries不规则变化 have-has, be-is现在分词一般情况下在动词后加-ing read-reading, cook-cooking以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing live-living, write-writing以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母后，再加-ing sit-sitting, begin-beginning以ie结尾的动词把变ie为y，再加-ing die-dying, lie-l
3、ying, tie-tying过去式和过去分词(规则变化)一般情况下在动词原形后加-ed work-worked以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变i，再加-ed carry-carried, study-studied以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d live-lived,以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母后，再加-ed stop-stopped, plan-planned英语动词的五种基本形式的用法：1、动词原形（1）以不定式to do 的形式表示目的。如：I want to go home.（2）放在助动词do, does, did 的后面。如：He does
4、finish the job.（3）放在情态动词的后面。如：We can have a long holiday.（4）用于一般现在时（除第三人称单数外）。如：I like playing the piano.2、第三人称单数形式：用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。如：Tom often goes to school by bus.3、现在分词：用于进行时态，包括现在进行时，过去进行时等。如：The students are reading the books now. / When the storm was coming, I was sleeping.4、过去式：用于一般过去时态，表示
5、过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况。通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句。如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等，上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如：I was late yesterday. / They went to see a film two days ago. / The man smoked a lot in the past.5、过去分词：用于被动语态和完成时。如：A new bridge will be built next year. / He has told me th
6、e sports meet might be put off.二 动词的8种时英语中动词共有16种时态。初中阶段共出现了8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。中考重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种时态。1、一般现在时（1）谓语构成：是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be动词（am/is/are）”构成。（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在动词前加dont或doesnt。如果是be动词，则直接在be后加not。一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面
7、的动词改为原形。如果是be动词，则把be动词放到句首。如：He is a teacher. / He is not a teacher. / - Is he a teacher? - Yes, he is. (No, he isnt.)I go to school by bike. / I dont go to school by bike. / - Do you go to school by bike? - Yes, I do. (No, I dont.)He eats an egg at breakfast. / He doesnt eat an egg at breakfast. -
8、Does he eat an egg at breakfast? - Yes, he does. (No, he doesnt)（3）一般现在时的基本用法 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, lea
9、ve, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如1.He usually to work at 7 oclock every morning.2.Every dog its day. 凡人皆有得意日。3.Pri
10、de before a fall. 骄者必败。4.The earth around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。5.Shanghai in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。6.She watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。7.We Chinese. 我们说汉语。8.The train at 3 oclock. 9.The train for Haikou at 8:00 in the morning.10.I will call you as soon as I there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。11.If you him, he will help y
11、ou. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。12.There the bell. 响铃了。13.Here the bus. 公交车来了。2、一般过去时（1）谓语构成：是由“be动词的过去式（was, were）”或“行为动词的过去式”构成。（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在行为动词原形前加didnt或在was/were后加not。一般疑问句借助did提问，同时把动词过去式改为原形。如果句子有was/were，则把was/were放到句首。如：It wasnt rainy yesterday. / - Was it rainy yesterday? - Yes, it was. (No, it wasnt
12、.)He watched TV last night. / - Did he watched TV last night? - Yes, he did. (No, he didnt.)（3）一般过去时的用法： 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year), two days (weeks, months, years) ago, in 2008, just now, at that moment, once upon a time等
13、，但是当上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如：I worked in that factory last year. / It was very cold yesterday. / I used to go fishing on Sundays. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I played basketball every day when I was a boy. 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构。如：My mother used to go to school on foot. 在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间。如：He
14、 said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning. 有些情况发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时。如：I was glad to get your letter.3、一般将来时（1）谓语构成：是由“be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be, will, shall后直接加not，shall not的缩写shant，will not的缩写wont。一般疑问句是把be, will, shall放到句首
15、。如：Im going to buy a computer this year. Im not going to buy a computer this year. - Are you buy a computer this year? - Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)We shall go to the zoo. We shant go to the zoo. - Shall we go to the zoo? - Yes, we shall. (No, we shant.)I will play basketball with you. / I wont play
16、basketball with you. - Will you play basketball with us? - Yes, I will. (No, we wont.)（3）一般将来时的用法 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用“will动词原形”，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, some day, in the future,“in+一段时间”等。“be going to+动词原形”表
17、示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：Im going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。1.They Beijing next week. 他们下周要去北京。2.Mr. Wu us English this term. 这学期吴老师将教我们英语。 3.Look at the black clouds! It . 看看这乌云！快下雨了。【注意】当be going to后接go或come时，通常直接用现在进行时来表示。如：Where is he going? 他去那里？ / Shes coming righ
18、t away. 她马上就来。（4）以下几种情况只能用shall (will) 表示将来，而不能用be going to结构来表达。will可用于所有人称；但shall作为will的一种替代形式，表示单纯将来时，一般用于主语为第一人称I和we时。以You and I, some of us, both of us, neither of us作主语时通常用will。Will和shall都可以缩写成-ll。 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。 用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。 表示意愿。如：We will
19、 help her if she asks me. 我们将帮助她如果她叫我们。1. we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？2. you play basketball with us? 你会和我们一起去打篮球吗？3.It stormy tomorrow. 明天将有暴风雨。4.The sun at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 明天早上太阳将在六点升起。（5）will 与be going to的区别1）表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will。2）“be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口
20、语。I eighteen next week. 下周我将十八岁。There an English film this evening. 今晚将会有一场英语电影。（6）一般将来时的特殊表达形式 be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快，即将发生的动作。如：They are about to leave. 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由i
21、f, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. Chen Hui is coming tonight. They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.Well start if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨我们将开始。Ill give the book to him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给那本书给他。4、
22、现在进行时（1）谓语构成：由“助动词be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(am/is/are)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(am/is/are)放到句首。如：They arent having an English class. / - Are they having an English class? - Yes, they are. (No they arent.)（3）现在进行时的用法 表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：now, at the moment或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen, be car
23、eful等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。常用的时间状语为these days。 一些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有go, come, drive, fly, travel, arrive, leave, start, visit, run, return等。 现在进行时和always, usually, all the time等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感情色彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。1.- What are you doing now? -
24、 I am for my key. 2.Look. Some children are games over there.3.Im Japanese this month. 这个月我正在学日语。4.Are you English in a school? 你在学校教英语吗？5.Hes an interesting TV play these days. 近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。6.They Hong Kong tomorrow. 7.Hes for Beijing tomorrow.8.Shes always others. 她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏9. You are always
25、 in class. 你上课老是说话。（表示批评）（4）不能用于进行时的动词 表示事实状态的动词：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等 表示心理状态、态度情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, ha
26、te等。 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 感官动词和系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。1.I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。2.This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。3.I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。4.He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。5.I accept yo
27、ur advice. 我接受你的劝告。6.You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。5、过去进行时（1）谓语构成：由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如：He was not waiting for me at that time. / - Was he waiting for me at that time? - Yes, he was.(No he wasnt)（3）过去进行时的用法 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 表示
28、过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。1.They TV at ten oclock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。2.I dinner when my husband got home yesterday a
29、fternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？4.He his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。5.Mary some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。6.She told me she Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。7.We two always . 我们俩老是吵架。8.The
30、boy was continually questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。（4）过去进行时常见的时间状语 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：yesterday, last Sunday等。1.I was reading a book . 在那时我在看书。2.I was watching TV . 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。3. , we all knew what we were studyin
31、g for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。（5）when和while的区别： 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。1. were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？2.What was your father doing your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？3.What was your mother doing you came back?
32、 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？4.I was trying my best to finish my work my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。（6）过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。1.He his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成)2.He his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完)3. It all night
33、. (只说明下雨事实)6、现在完成时（1）谓语构成：由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为ve或s, have not 缩写havent, has not 缩写hasnt。（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在have/has后加not。一般疑问句是把have/has放到句首。如：He has eaten breakfast. / He hasnt eaten breakfast. /- Has he eaten breakfast? - Yes, he has. (No, he hasnt.)【注意】过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同，有些特殊变
34、化需单独记忆。（3）现在完成时的用法 表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, ever, never, just, yet, before 等词连用。 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词。1.I have just bought a ten-speed bicycle. 2.They have already cleaned the classroom. 3.We have lived here since 1976. 4.They have waited fo
35、r more than two hours. （4）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（5）瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave,
36、 join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如：误：The old man has died for a few years.正：The old man has been dead for a few years. / The old man has been dead since a few years ago.The old man died a few years ago. / It is a few years since the old man died. A few years ha
37、s passed since the old man died. 瞬间动词的变化：瞬间性动词的完成时延续性动词或状态动词的完成时have(already)gone tohavebeen in / at for (two years)hascome tohasbeen heresince (1990)(had)left(had)been away fromarrivedbeen indiedbeen deadbegunbeen onendedbeen overbought.hadborrowedkeptjoinedbeen in （6）have/has been to, have/has gon
38、e to和have/has been in的区别：have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。1.I the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。2.- Where is Tom? - He the UK.（即现在不在这儿） 3.I Australia
39、for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。（7） 句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+过去时间状语 注意 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)7、过去将来时（1）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，过去将来时常用在宾语从句中，过去将来时的谓语部分由“助动词wouldshould+动词原形”构成。（2）be going to+动词原
40、形；be+动词不定式；be about+动词不定式，变成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时。（3）过去进行时表示过去将来的概念，常用于位置转移的动词，如come, go, start, move, leave等。（4）在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。1.I knew you agree. 我知道你将同意。2.She her old car and buy a new one. 她将卖她的旧车并且买一辆新车。3.He told me he in an hour. 他告诉他说，他一小时后离开。4.They said they us know if they heard any news
41、 about him. 8、过去完成时（1）过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，过去完成时的谓语部分“助动词had + 过去分词”构成。 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中，或者从句是before引导的主句中。 用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
42、1.I remembered that I this book. 我记得我看过这本书了。2.He lunch when I came to his house. 当我到他家时他已经吃过午饭了。3.After I my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness. 4.I hardly my work when he came to see me. 5.No sooner I home than the telephone rang.（注意倒装）（2）过去完成时的时间状语过去完成时时间状语有：by last week, by then, by the en
43、d of (last)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语，也会有for 或since构成的时间状语。如：The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.三 被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）
44、；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。1、各种时态的被动语态被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。结 构例 句一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词主语+be going to+be+过去分词The sports meeting will be held
45、 tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。过去完成时：主语+had +be
46、en+过去分词I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词The bike cant be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般
47、会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。2、被动语态的用法（1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou.（2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children.（3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone.（4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan.3、主动语态变被动语态的方法记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清
48、，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤： （1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。（2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。（3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。（4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。（5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。如：They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes ar
49、e made by them in the factory.4、被动语态的几种特殊形式 （1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。（2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。1.We call him Xiao Wang.He Xiao Wang. 2.He cut his hair short.His hair short. 3.They told him to he
50、lp me. He to help me.4.We find English very useful. English very useful.5.I saw him fall off the tree. He the tree.6.They watched the children sing that morning.The children that morning.【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. Jim was heard playing the guita
51、r in his room. （3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付)
52、, draw等。（4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)A new book was given to me (by my father) on m
53、y birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语)I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语)3.We cant laugh at him.He cant be laugh at by us. / John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on. 5、主动结构表示被动意义（1）feel, look, sound,
54、 smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。（2）当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。（3）不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。（4）不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形
55、式表被动意义。如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。/ This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。（5）sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。（6）be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。1.This kind of drink strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。2.Our teacher younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际
56、年龄小。3.The book well. 这本书很畅销。4.An accident near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。5.Great changes in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。6.Your room cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。7.The movie by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。6、不用被动语态的情况（1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, s
57、eem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对）The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对）（2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的
58、主语。如：My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误）He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误）（3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如：The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs.
59、 Li.（误）They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误）7、被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。（1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如：The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）/ The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）（2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动
60、语态。如：The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）/ The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态）（3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：Were worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。（4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：Im really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。（5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。题组1动词的时态一、填空题1.While I was watching TV, the do
61、orbell r.2.Mike often (收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.3.The child (cry)over there. Whats wrong with him?4.Next year, they (make) a CD of their songs and start a charity. 5.And then it just (grow) and makes the world a better place.6.But surely, people believe, his dream (come) true
62、 in the near future.7.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he (land) in London by accident.8.While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.9.Although I (上学,参加)a class last year, my Spanish is still terrible!10.He says that many summer cam
63、ps (wait) for instructions from the government now.11.And we never (忘记)the lunch or the dinner, though, which we all made together over campfires.12.We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于) between China and Russia on the map.13.After a long day, Tom l down on the bed and went to sleep.14.He(save)up ab
64、out 300 dollars already.15.When I told him running for president would be much work, he(promise)that he would help me.题组2被动语态一、填空题1.If we dont protect the environment well, well be (惩罚)sooner or later.2.They live in hutslittle “houses”. These houses (make)of wood and grass. 3.It (invent) for people
65、to see each other while talking online. 4.When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.5.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.6.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a persons happiness could b
66、e (影响)by social media(媒体).7.Most programs will not (allow)to have more than 30 kids.8.“Why? Your bright sunny smile (love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss Beautiful smiled.9.Ive found a friendly guide here and yesterday I (show) around the city.10.For example, it mentioned that the z
67、ipper was (invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.11.First of all, I think more bike lanes should (build).12.The read-a-thons are(举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.13.After hearing about sacrifices(牺牲)made by firemen, she(move)by the risks they face, so Savannah made 200
68、 thank-you cards for them.题组3 综合练习一、填空题1.Chinese people are so angry that they have(惩罚) some Western companies, including H&M and Nike, by refusing to buy their products since March, 2021.2.The professor smiled and said, “Please describe what you see in the test paper.” The students tried hard as th
69、ey (tell).3.Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet environment should (offer) in all carriages.4.As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo (use)in ancient peoples daily lives.5.For the coming yard sale, we have d to each sell five things that we no longer use.6.By now, I think I (实现)my dre
70、am, coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. 7.Their artistic effects cannot (复制)by any other pens. 8.From now on, I want you (think) about the big picture more often. 9.Passengers who are willing to obey the rules can choose the quiet carriages when (book) th
71、eir tickets online.10.When facing difficult situations, people are encouraged (hold) on by the effect of bamboo culture.11. Papermaking technology was improved day by day, and more and more kinds of paper were developed (提供) different using choices. 12.We (throw) tons of rubbish away in our daily li
72、fe so far, and we have to make a change from now on. 13.Though 20 years old, the book is still r as the best work by people from all over the world.14.Along the way, he (help) by some with food and by some with shelter(住所).15.After e him, the doctor told him that there was nothing serious.16.Ann lik
73、es traveling to the seaside and she thinks l on the beach is really comfortable.17.His body temperature keeps r. We need to send for a doctor at once. 18.The man had no choice and was made (stay)on the bus till the bus reached its terminus. 19.We are now busy p for the Senior High School Entrance Ex
74、amination.I see. Just take it easy.20.I spent 24 hours a week (develop) my skills.题组4 选择题1（2023湖北十堰统考中考真题）Mr. Smith _ at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years, so he knows a lot about insects.Ais workingBhas workedCwas workingDwill work2（2023江苏徐州中考真题）I saw Harry in February and I _ him s
75、ince then.Adidnt seeBwont seeChavent seenDdont see3（2023辽宁丹东统考中考真题） Wheres your brother, Bob? Look! He _ the car in the yard.Ais cleaningBcleanedCcleansDwill clean4（2023湖北恩施中考真题）I called you last night, but nobody answered. What were you doing at this time yesterday?Oh, sorry! I _ the piano.Awas pla
76、yingBplayedCwould play5（2023江苏宿迁统考中考真题） My father and I _ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. Those photos must be your valuable memories.Ahave takenBwill takeCtakeDwere taking6（2023北京统考中考真题）Lucy, what are you doing? I _ a model ship.AmakeBmadeCam makingDwas making7（2023北京统考中考真题
77、）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts _ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.AreturnBreturnedCwill returnDhave returned8（2023北京统考中考真题）If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you _ a great time there.AhaveBhadCwill haveDhave had9（2023北京统考中考真题）Eric _ many things since he became interested in science.Ais learningB
78、was learningCwill learnDhas learned10（2023北京统考中考真题）Lily, can you tell me _ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year? Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.Awhat you will doBwhat you didCwhat will you doDwhat did you do11（2023辽宁抚顺统考中考真题）At 4 oclock yesterday afternoon, my father _ for m
79、e outside the school gate.AwaitsBwaitedCwas waitingDis waiting12（2023吉林长春统考中考真题）Could you please turn down the TV? Your father _ on his article.Awas workingBworkedCis workingDworks13（2023江苏无锡统考中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! Its you! I didnt expect you _ over. What a nice surprise!Ahad comeBhave comeCwould co
80、meDwill come14（2023辽宁沈阳统考中考真题）After this exam, you _ a wonderful holiday next month. Take it easy!AhaveBhave hadChadDwill have15（2023黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）Nancy, where is your brother?He _ for the physical experiment (物理实验) exam in the laboratory.ApreparesBis preparingCwas preparing考点2 动词的语态1（2023黑龙江绥化统考中考真题
81、）The students _ how to do eye exercises just now.Awas taughtBwere taughtCtaught2（2023黑龙江齐齐哈尔统考中考真题） Why do the elephants in Thailand have to _? Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money.AprotectBbe protectedCare protected3（2023四川乐山统考中考真题）Whos the little girl in the photo?Its me.
82、The photo _ when I was five years old.AtookBwas takenCis taken4（2023湖南株洲统考中考真题）Panda Ya Ya _ back to Beijing about three weeks ago.Awas broughtBis broughtCbrought5（2023湖北孝感统考中考真题） Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day? Of course. Chinese _ by more and more people around the world nowadays.As
83、pokeBis spokenCspeaksDwas spoken6（2023湖南郴州统考中考真题）Many trees and flowers _ every year to make our environment more beautiful.AplantBare plantedCwere planted7（2023福建统考中考真题）Modern technologies _ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023.Awere usedBare usingCwill be used8（2023辽宁统考中考真题）The boys _ the exci
84、ting soccer game when the teacher came in.Atalked aboutBtalk aboutCwere talking aboutDwill talk about9（2023黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games _ in Hangzhou from September 23 to October 8, 2023.Awas heldBwill holdCwill be held10（2023辽宁营口中考真题）Students _ a few open questions in Ms. Lis class, did you no
85、tice that?Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking.Aare askedBwere askedCwill be askedDshould be asked题组5 语法选择I knocked into a stranger as he walked by me.“Oh, excuse me,” I said.He 1 with a smile and said, “Please excuse me too. I wasnt watching out for you.” We apologize
86、d and left.Later that day, when I 2, my daughter was standing too close to me. When I turned to reach for some milk, I nearly knocked her over. “You should 3 out of the way!” I shouted. She walked away sadly. But I 4 feel that I had to apologize to her.While I was in bed that evening, my husband sai
87、d to me, “While dealing with a stranger, you were polite, but with the one you 5, you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You 6 them in the kitchen by the door. Have you 7 the tears in her eyes?”I quietly went and knelt down by my daughters bed
88、.“Honey, I am so sorry. Are these the flowers you picked for me?” I said. “I found them by the tree. I picked them for you. I knew you 8 like them, especially the blue ones,” she said.I tearfully replied, “Sweetie, Im really sorry for the way I 9 today. I shouldnt have shouted at you.”“Its okay. I l
89、ove you anyway,” she said as she kissed me on my cheek.If we 10 be polite to strangers, why cant we do the same for the ones we love?1.A.replyB.repliesC.repliedD.is replying2.A.cookB.cooksC.cookedD.was cooking3.A.moveB.movingC.movesD.moved4.A.werentB.dontC.wontD.didnt5.A.loveB.lovesC.lovedD.will lov
90、e6.A.findB.findsC.will findD.found7.A.seeB.seenC.seesD.saw8.A.didB.wouldC.couldD.had9.A.actB.actedC.am actingD.was acting10.A.canB.couldC.mayD.might题组6 短文填空One day, a wise old man 1(walk) in the yard when he saw his grandson having an argument with his wife. He asked his grandson, “Why do you raise
91、your voice every time you argue with your wife?”His grandson answered, “I 2 my voice so that my voice is heard.”“Your wife is close enough for her to hear you when you say the same sentence in a calm manner. Why do you have to raise your voice?” the grandfather 3.“Perhaps because I need to let off s
92、ome steam (发泄一些怒火) by raising my voice,” his grandson replied.“The steam 4(go) out in the same way if you whisper (小声说) to her. So why do that?”“Ive already 5 her what I think, but it seems that she doesnt understand my point of view,” the man said unwillingly (不情愿地). “But you are hurting your wifes
93、 feeling while you are shouting at her,” the old man said angrily. “In fact, if you whisper softly, you can both hear each other clearly. So stop raising your voice when you talk to her.” His grandson nodded his head.1.2.3.4.5.题组7 语法选择I live in a very old town which 1 by beautiful woods. Its a sceni
94、c spot.On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors are asked to keep the woods clean. Litter baskets 2 under the trees, but rubbish 3 everywhere by people as usual. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very s
95、ad.I found seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground 4 with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins.Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, “All the rubbish 5 into the baskets. Anyone who leaves litter in these woo
96、ds 6.”1.A.surroundB.surroundsC.is surroundedD.will be surrounded2.A.placedB.is placedC.was placedD.have been placed3.A.throwB.is thrownC.threwD.are thrown4.A.coverB.coveredC.was coveredD.was covering5.A.must putB.must be putC.must be puttedD.must putting6.A.will be punishedB.are punishedC.punishD.pu
97、nished题组8 短文填空There are ancient (古代的) stories that can remind us of the power of words. Yan Zis Visit to the State of Chu is one of them.Yan Zi was the ambassador (大使) of the State of Qi. Once, he went to visit the State of Chu. The king of Chu 1(plan) to insult (侮辱) Yan Zi.Yan Zi was short. The kin
98、g ordered his soldiers to close the city gate but leave a hole for dogs open. Yan Zi 2(ask) to enter through the hole. But Yan Zi was not angry. He said:“I 3(ask) to enter through a hole for dogs only when I visit a dog state. Is Chu such a state?” When the king of Chu heard this, he had to open the
99、 gate and welcome Yan Zi in. After the king met Yan Zi, he asked:“Arent there any capable (能干的) men in Qi? Why was a dwarf (侏儒) sent here?”“Your Majesty (陛下), Qi is never short of capable men. But there is a rule in Qi:First-class ambassadors 4(send) to first-class states, and lower-class ones to lower-class states. I am the most incapable man. Thats why I am here,” Yan Zi answered.The king was speechless. He could not look down on Yan Zi any more.Yan Zis story 5 us that a few words can safeguard(保卫) ones dignity(尊严). Thats how powerful they are.1.2.3.4.5.
