1、兰州一中2020-2021-1学期高一年级期中考试试题英语说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分120分。考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。第I卷 选择题 （共50分）第一节 阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。AEach applicant to Harvard College is considered with great care. We consider each applicant to Harvard College as a whole person
2、, and put enormous care into evaluating every application. We hope you will explore the information in this section to understand what we look for in our admissions process.How to ApplySubmit your application through the Common Application, the Coalition Application, or the Universal College Applica
3、tion. Each is treated equally by the Admissions Committee. Complete and submit your materials as soon as possible to ensure full and timely consideration of your application. View our Application Tips for step-by-step information.When to ApplyDateDeadlineDateDeadlineNovember 1Early Action DeadlineMa
4、rch 1Financial Aid Application deadlineNovember 1Early Financial Aid Application deadlineLate MarchDecision letters mailedMid - DecemberEarly Auction decisions releasedMay 1Reply date for Admitted StudentsJanuary 1Regular Decision deadlineWhat We Look ForWe seek promising students who will contribut
5、e to the Harvard community during their college years, and to society throughout their lives.While academic accomplishment is the basic requirement, the Admission Committee considers many other factorsstrong personal qualities, special talents or excellences of all kinds, perspectives formed by unus
6、ual personal circumstances, and the ability to take advantage of available resources and opportunities.We outline everything you need to apply to Harvard.Click https: /college. harvard. edu/admissions/apply to get detailed requirements.1. Where can you find step-by-step information of how to apply?A
7、. Common Application.B. Coalition Application.C. Universal College Application.D. Application Tips.2. Which is the final day for Financial Aid Application?A. November 1.B. January 1.C. March 1.D. May 1.3. What is the basic requirement to apply for Harvard University?A. Academic accomplishment.B. Str
8、ong personal qualities.C. Special talents.D. Unique perspectives.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了申请进入哈佛大学的流程，包括如何申请、何时申请以及哈佛大学关注何种类型的考生。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“How to Apply”部分中的最后一句View our Application Tips for step-by-step information可知，如果要知道申请步骤，可以阅读申请建议，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据题干关键词final day定位至When to
9、 Apply部分，根据所列表格中March 1 Financial Aid Application deadline可知，助学金申请的最后期限是3月1日，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据What We Look For部分中的第二段中的While academic accomplishment is the basic requirement可知，进入哈佛大学就读的最基本条件是学术成就满足要求，故选A。【点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
10、选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题2题干中关键词的the final day，到文章找到关键词deadline。所以我们考生要通过比较这些细微区别，仔细辨别才能得出答案。BWilliam I, who conquered England some 930 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶)，or riding lawn mower(除草机).
11、 How did he get by ?History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn,t buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.Given how much better off I am than so many fam
12、ous dead people, you,d think I,d be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard,s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact no kings ever had a refrigerator with
13、 glass doors.There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You,d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to r
14、ealize that even by today,s standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investments bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers
15、, fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can,t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.4. What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean ?A. Succeed as a king.B. Deal with complaints.C. Live in s satisfactory way.D. Get some extra mone
16、y.5. How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present ?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5D. 66. According to the passage, the author. intends to .A. tell us to be content with lifeB. warn us to live in a simple wayC. teach us to learn lessons from lifeD. encourage us to struggle for we
17、alth7. What,s the author,s attitude towards life ?A. Doubtful.B. Optimistic.C. Uncaring.D. Cautious.【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B【解析】本文属于议论文，无论一个人多么的富有，但是用未来人的角度来看，其生活质量都不是很好的，因此作者建议大家要对未来充满信心，也要满足当下的生活。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a
18、flush toilet(抽水马桶)，or riding lawn mower(除草机).可知，尽管威廉一世在他那个时代很富有，但是他没有像抽水马桶、除草机这一类的东西，通过How did he可知，他是怎样生活的呢？可知推出get by的意思是通过，过得去，故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。本文提及了William I威廉一世，Croesus克罗伊斯，Alexander the Great亚历山大大帝，Czar Nicholas沙皇尼古拉斯共计4个历史人物，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Of course, one way to achieve happiness would
19、be to realize that even by today,s standards the things I own are pretty nice.可知，获得幸福的一种方式就是意识到，即使按照今天的生活标准，我拥有的东西都很不错，作者认为获得幸福感在于对当前拥有的东西感到满意，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers, fancy counter tops and my own worn Formi
20、ca will seem equally shabby.用未来一两个世纪的人的标准来看今天，不管是银行家绚丽的工作台面还是我家的装饰材料都相当寒碜，故可知，作者认为生活会随着时代的发展而进步，故选B。CIt is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer social-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in the education system. In an attempt to help the children of poor families, a nationwide
21、program called “Headstart” was started in the US in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It took children into pre-school institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school. But the results have been disappointing , because the program began too late. Many children
22、who entered it at three were already behind their peers(同龄人) in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process. At the end of each day, “Headstart” children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment.To improve the results, another program was started in Missouri
23、 that concentrated on parents as the childs first teachers. This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way of helping children get the best possible start in life. The four-year study included 380 families who were about to have their first child an
24、d represented different social-economic status, age and family structure. The program involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child. The program also gave the parents some guidance, and useful skills on child development.At three, the children involved in t
25、he “Missouri” program were evaluated with the children selected from the same social-economic background and family situations. The results were obvious. The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual(智力的) skills than their peers. They
26、performed equally well regardless of social-economic backgrounds or family structure. The one factor that was found to affect the childs development was the poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.The “Missouri” program compares quite cle
27、arly with the “Headstart” program. Without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational unfairness.8. What caused the failure of the “Headstart” program ?A. The large number of poo
28、r families.B. The late start of the program.C. The disapproval from children.D. The long period of time.9. According to the passage, what is likely to influence childrens performance ?A. The number of family members.B. The intelligence of their parents.C. The parent-child communication.D. The teache
29、r-student relationship.10. How does the author develop the passage ?A. By making comparisons.B. By listing figures.C. By giving examples.D. By drawing conclusions.【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A【解析】本文属于说明文，为了研究促进贫穷家庭孩子智力发展，分别进行了Headstart和Missouri项目进行研究，结果一个失败了，一个成功了，发现了父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的智力发育。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“But t
30、he results have been disappointing , because the program began too late.”可知，结果不佳，因为项目开始的太晚了，故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The one factor that was found to affect the child,s development was the poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.”可知影响儿童发展一
31、个因素是亲子互动质量差。 这种互动在较贫穷的家庭中并不一定是坏的。故可知，父母与孩子的交流很可能影响孩子的发展，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the “Headstart” program.”可知“密苏里”计划与“先驱者”计划的对比非常明显，即作者是通过二者之间的对比来发展文章内容的，故选A。第二节 阅读补全 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)Becoming Refreshed without sleepingSometimes there is just
32、 not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest._11_ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities._12_ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cozy, this will caus
33、e you to fall asleep. Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more alert and refreshed.Eat small amounts. Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you. Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you _13_Try to stick to low carbon meals
34、 to keep you going. Chewing gum after your snack or small meal will also help keep you awake.Keep it bright. When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep. Turn on lots of lights, which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better. _14_ You get double the benefits if it is day
35、time.Take a break. Taking a little break will help you in the long run. Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive. Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes._15_A. Keep it coolB. Calm down and sleepC. Avoid big, heavy meals as they will make you tiredD. Goin
36、g outside whether it is day or night for some fresh airE. Missing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoidedF. When you are tired, you may just want to sit around and do nothingG. Having a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else.【答案】11. E 12. A 13. C 14.
37、D 15. G【解析】本文是说明文。介绍不睡觉使你精神焕发的方法。【11题详解】根据上句：有时候，一天中没有足够的时间来完成每件事，并得到一个好的睡眠。再根据空格下句：偶尔你也能度过一个不眠之夜，并通过调整你的饮食和活动仍然感觉不错。可知前面说到not enough hours in the day一天没有足够时间睡好，下面要说经常这样缺觉的后果，此空要表达的意思是”经常失眠会使你生病，应该避免”。故选E。【12题详解】此空相当于一个小标题。根据小标题的特点和下文每段句首，可知此空应该是一个祈使句，在A/B/C三个选项中选择。再根据下文：保持空调开着会让你感到更加清醒和精神振奋。可知A. Ke
38、ep it cool.符合题意。故选A。【13题详解】根据上文：建议吃少量的食物。吃少量的健康食品有助于恢复体力。再根据空格下句：试着坚持低碳饮食来保持健康。可知此空是在说明吃太多的坏处，它们会使你疲劳。big, heavy meals和small amounts是反义词，故选C。【14题详解】根据上文：当天黑的时候，身体会认为该睡了。把灯打开，这会让你的身体清醒过来，感觉更好。再根据空格下句：如果是白天，你会得到双倍的福利。得知这是在说前面的行为带来的好处，建议我们：无论是白天还是晚上，到外面去呼吸新鲜空气。故选D。【15题详解】根据上文：从长远来看，稍微休息一下对你有好处。打开一些充满活力
39、的音乐让自己积极向上。放松一下，与朋友当面或电话交谈几分钟。可知前面建议做的事情都是休息一会儿，开心几分钟会，这样做比任何事情都能让你更快地恢复体力。故选G。第三节 完形填空（共20小题；每题1分，满分20分）When I was a young boy growing up in North Dakota, my grandparents were farmers; And I remember the huge garden that my Grandma_16_I promise you it was about 4,000 square metresWell, _17_it seeme
40、d that way to me! She _18_ the garden all by hand, with a hoe(锄头) and some waterEach spring the garden took shape from cold flat earth, which she changed through much hard work into rows of hills ready for _19_I especially remember _20_ Grandma plant potatoesGrandma had _21_ potatoes from last yearS
41、he stored them with the rest of the harvest in the outdoor cellar(地窖), where vegetables were kept safely all _22_, When spring came, we _23_ last years potatoes and planted each piece into a hill of soil in the gardenI thought we would never _24_ the end of the planting work even though everybody wa
42、s helping!Before long the garden became fully _25_ because of sunny days, warmer temperatures and rain_26_ it needed lots of hoeing and watering by Grandma and her helper to have a harvestIt provided vegetables throughout the summer, until the final _27_ when cold weather set inBy the time Thanksgiv
43、ing dinner _28_, the ground at my grandparents farm often would be covered with snow and wed be _29_ for a long winterWarm inside the house, around Thanksgiving dinner, we looked through windows at bare(光秃的) tree branches(树枝) in the _30_ gardenOur whole family would _31_ potatoes and other vegetable
44、s from the _32_And of course wonderful pumpkin(南瓜) pieI can smell it now! Its _33_ how a pumpkin pie can make me _34_ years of Thanksgiving dinners, and how that warmth _35_ in my heart16. A. sharedB. controlledC. ownedD. found17. A. at firstB. at lastC. at mostD. at least18. A. looked afterB. showe
45、d offC. took overD. brought up19. A. wateringB. plantingC. movingD. giving20. A. helpingB. watchingC. makingD. spying21. A. soldB. savedC. chosenD. spotted22. A. springB. summerC. autumnD. winter23. A. ateB. friedC. cutD. grew24. A. hearB. reachC. useD. cover25. A. importantB. popularC. activeD. pea
46、ceful26. A. For exampleB. Of courseC. In returnD. After all27. A. flavourB. harvestC. celebrationD. ingredient28. A. continuedB. followedC. endedD. arrived29. A. rightB. readyC. fitD. safe30. A. sleepingB. changingC. tinyD. poor31. A. wantB. enjoyC. sendD. buy32. A. gardenB. marketC. storeD. farm33.
47、 A. difficultB. doubtfulC. amazingD. crazy34. A. acceptB. understandC. realiseD. remember35. A. racesB. passesC. remainsD. jumps【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C【解析】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己小时候帮奶奶在花园里种土豆，春种秋收，冬天和家人一起吃感恩节晚
48、餐的情景。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还记得奶奶拥有的大花园。A. shared分享；B. controlled控制；C. owned拥有；D. found发现。那个大花园是作者奶奶的。故选C项。【17题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我向你保证，它大约有4000平方米。嗯，至少在我看来是这样的!A. at first起初；B. at last最后；C. at most至多；D. at least至少。在小时候的作者眼里，花园至少有4000平方米那么大。故选D项。【18题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她完全靠双手照看花园，锄地、浇水。A. looked after照看； B. sho
49、wed off炫耀；C. took over接管；D. brought up抚养。根据下文“she changed through much hard work”可知，奶奶辛苦地照看那么大的花园。故选A项。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年春天，经过奶奶的辛苦劳作，花园从寒冷平坦的土地变成了一排排的小土丘，准备种植。A. watering浇水；B. planting种植；C. moving搬家；D. giving给。根据下文“When spring came, we 8 last years potatoes and planted each piece into a hill of
50、soil in the garden”可知，到了春天，奶奶将地整理出来，准备种土豆。故选B项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尤其记得帮助奶奶种土豆。A. helping帮助； B. watching观看；C. making制造；D. spying监视。根据下文“ everybody was helping!”可知，春天里播种土豆是很繁重的劳动，大家都帮忙。故选A项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶从前一年就把土豆储存下来。 A. sold卖；B. saved保存；C. chosen选择；D. spotted发现。根据下文“She stored them”可知，奶奶将土豆储存
51、下来。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 她将土豆和其他收获的蔬菜一起储存在户外的地窖。整个冬天，蔬菜可以安全地存放在那里。A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天。根据生活常识，是冬天将蔬菜储存在地窖里。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：春天到了，我们把前一年的土豆切成块，一块块地种在花园的小土丘里。 A. ate吃；B. fried煎炸；C. cut切；D. grew成长。根据下文的“each piece”可知，是将土豆切成一块块的，然后种在地里。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为即使大家
52、都在帮忙，我们也永远不会完成种植的工作!A. hear听；B. reach到达；C. use使用；D. cover覆盖。作者觉得好像总到不了终点，总完成不了种土豆的工作。故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不久，由于天晴、气温升高和下雨，花园变得十分活跃。A. important重要的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. active积极的，活跃的； D. peaceful宁静的。春天，天气好转，种植的农作物生长快，花园活跃起来。故选C项。【26题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，要想有收获，奶奶和她的帮手得多锄地、浇水。 A. For example例如；B. Of cour
53、se当然；C. In return作为回报；D. After all毕竟。 好的收成，不仅仅靠天气，当然还需要靠奶奶的辛苦劳作。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个夏天，它都提供蔬菜，直到寒冷的天气来临时的最后一个收获季节。A. flavour香味，气味；B. harvest收获，收成；C. celebration庆祝；D. ingredient原料。奶奶的花园一直都提供好的收成，直到冬天来临。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当感恩节晚餐时间到了的时候，我爷爷奶奶的农场经常被雪覆盖。A. continued继续；B. followed跟着；C. ended结束；
54、D. arrived到达。根据下文“around Thanksgiving dinner”作者家人围坐在一起吃感恩节晚餐。由此可知，是感恩节晚餐时间到了。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为漫长的冬天做好了准备。 A. right正确的；B. ready准备好的；C. fit合适的；D. safe安全的。根据“a long winter”可知，作者一家为度过漫长的冬天而作准备。 故选B项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温暖的屋子里，围坐着吃感恩节晚餐，我们透过窗户看着沉寂的花园里光秃秃的树枝。A. sleeping寂静无声的；B. changing变化的；C.
55、 tiny小的；D. poor贫穷的。根据上文“the ground at my grandparents farm often would be covered with snow”，冬天到了，大雪覆盖，花园一片寂静。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们全家都会享用花园里种出来的土豆和其他蔬菜。A. want想要；B. enjoy享受；C. send发送；D. buy买。作者一家人在享受感恩节晚餐，享受自己种出来的蔬菜。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们全家都会享用花园里种出来的土豆和其他蔬菜。A. garden花园；B. market市场；C. store
56、商店；D. farm农场。根据上文 “planted each piece into a hill of soil in the garden”可知，奶奶是在花园里种植土豆。故选A项。33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，南瓜派能让我记起多年来的感恩节晚餐，那种温暖依然留在我的心中。A. difficult困难的；B. doubtful可疑的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据上文“I can smell it now!”作者现在还能闻到南瓜派的香味，这让作者惊讶。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，南瓜派能让我记起多年来的感恩
57、节晚餐，那种温暖依然留在我的心中。A. accept接受；B. understand理解；C. realise意识到；D. remember记住。根据上文“I can smell it now!”作者还记得和家人一起吃感恩节晚餐的情景。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，南瓜派能让我记起多年来的感恩节晚餐，那种温暖依然留在我的心中。 A. races比赛，赛跑；B. passes经过；C. remains保持，停留；D. jumps跳。和家人在一起吃感恩节晚餐的温暖总停留在作者心中。故选C项。第II卷 非选择题 （共70分）第一节 单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满
58、分10分）36. Twenty years has gone and my hometown has changed beyond r_.（根据首字母填空）【答案】recognition【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：二十年过去了，我的家乡已经变得认不出来了。根据单词首字母以及上文的介词beyond ，可知应填名词recognition“识别”作宾语，recognition为不可数名词。故填recognition。37. To be honest, I was _(完全地) frightened by the thunder just now.（根据汉语意思填空）【答案】entirely【解析
59、】【详解】考查副词。句意：老实说，刚才雷声把我吓坏了。根据汉语意思“完全地”，可知应填副词entirely，修饰动词frightened，作状语。故填entirely。38. I_ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （根据首字母填空）【答案】Ignoring【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：忽视这两种研究结果之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。根据句意和首字母I提示可知，ignore忽视，动词，符合题意，分析句子结构可知，空处需用动名词作主语
60、。故填Ignoring。39. He has paid several o_ visits to our country since he came to power. （根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】official【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：他执政以来对我国进行了多次正式访问。根据单词首字母以及句意“正式”，可知应填形容词official，作定语修饰后文名词visits。故填official。40. After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to _(恢复) from trauma(创伤) overtime, particul
61、arly with the support of family and friends. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】recover【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词。句意：地震后，大多数幸存者可以被期待着随着时间的推移而恢复，特别是在家人和朋友的支持下。根据汉语提示“恢复”，以及上文be expected to可知此处应填动原形，构成不定式作主语补足语，recover“恢复”是动词，故填recover。【点睛】41. While shopping, women cannot help _（说服）to buy something they dont really want. （根据汉语意思填空）
62、【答案】being persuaded【解析】【详解】考查动名词的被动形式。句意：在购物时，女性忍不住会被说服去买她们其实并不需要的东西。根据汉语提示可知，persuade说服，动词，符合题意，cannot help doing sth.忍不住做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动名词，因为是“被说服”，所以空处需用动名词的被动形式：being done。故填being persuaded。42. People develop a _(偏爱) for a particular style of learning at an early age. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】preference【
63、解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：人们在很小的时候就形成了对某种学习方式的偏好。根据汉语提示“偏爱”，以及上文冠词a，可知应填单数名词preference，作宾语。故填preference。43. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in r_.（根据首字母填空）【答案】ruins【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：第二天，当他们回到Rockaway时，他们发现附近一片废墟。根据句意和首字母r提示可知，in ruins一片废墟，固定搭配，符合题意。故填ruins。44. The gi
64、rl was sitting on the bench in the park, _(埋头) her head in the book in her hands. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】burying【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：女孩坐在公园的长椅上，把头埋在手里的书里。根据汉语意思“埋头”可知应填动词bury，且分析句子结构可知，bury在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语girl构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填burying。45. The school has a system of _(奖励) and punishments to encourage good b
65、ehaviour. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】rewards【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：学校有一套奖惩制度来鼓励良好的行为。根据汉语提示可知，reward奖励，名词，符合题意，由空后and punishments可知，空处名词需用复数，与其形式保持一致。故填rewards。第二节. 单句语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）46. Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry? (用适当的词填空)【答案】that【解析】【分析】本题考查语法语境应用能力。【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是因为杰克上学迟到，
66、史密斯先生生气的吗？分析可知，把Was it和该空去掉，句子结构完整，语义清晰，由此判断，本句应是强调句结构：it was+被强调部分+that+其他，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，句中强调原因状语“because Jack came late for school”。故填that。47. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _(be) at the age of six months old.（用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】(should) be【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：眼科医生建议孩子在六个月大
67、的时候做第一次眼科检查。recommend表示“建议”时，所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略。故填(should) be。48. Besides the high-speed rail system, China _(improve) peoples lives in many other innovative fields over the last decade. (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】has improved【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：除了高铁系统，在过去十年里，中国在许多其他创新领域改善了人们的
68、生活。所填空应是句子谓语，结合时间状语“over the last decade”可知，应是现在完成时，主语“China”为第三人称单数，应用第三人称单数形式。故填has improved。49. Everyone wanting to be successful has to pick themselves up and continue practicing _ they reach a goal. （用适当的词填空）【答案】until【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：每个想要成功的人都必须打起精神，不断练习，直到达到目标。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”应用until。故填until
69、。50. A series of lectures _(be) scheduled. （用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】has been/ was【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：一系列演讲被安排了。分析句子可知，设空处是谓语动词，结合句意，“schedule”这一动作已经发生，用一般过去时，或者表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响和结果，用现在完成时；主语A series of lectures与谓语动词schedule是被动关系，用被动语态；A series of修饰名词作主语，谓语动词与A series保持一致，用单数，故填has been/was。【点睛】51. The u
70、niversity has a few dozen lecturers, all of _ have graduated from top-class universities. (用适当的词填空)【答案】whom【解析】【分析】本题考查语法语境应用能力。【详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：这所大学有几十名讲师，他们都毕业于一流大学。分析可知，“all of _ have graduated from top-class universities”应是之前名词短语“a few dozen lecturers”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指人，应用关系代词whom引
71、导从句。故填whom。52. How long will it be _ he finishes his homework? （用适当的词填空）【答案】before【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：他还要多久才完成作业？根据句意可知，此处是固定句型It will be + 段时间+ before.“要过.才.”的特殊疑问句形式，因为是对一段时间提问，所以用了how long。故填before。53. The teacher told us that he _(teach) English since he came here. (用所给单词适当形式填空)【答案】had been teaching
72、【解析】【分析】本题考查词汇语法语境应用能力。【详解】考查动词时态。句意：老师告诉我们自从他来到这里就一直教英语。分析可知，所填空应是宾语从句谓语，结合语境以及该宾语从句的时间状语“since he came here”可知，应是现在完成进行时，且主句谓语动词“told”为一般过去时，因此应遵循“时态一致原则”，用过去完成进行时。故填had been teaching。54. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _(be) rising since 1990. （用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】has be
73、en【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1990年以来，在中国大学就读的外国学生人数一直在上升。根据后文since 1990可知应用现在完成时，且主语为“the number of+复数名词”，谓语动词应用单数，故助动词应用has。故填has been。55. Once _(find), any mistake must be corrected. （用所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】found【解析】【详解】考查省略句。句意：一旦发现任何错误，都必须改正。once连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词，此处从句中陈述客观事实，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故为一般现在时
74、的被动语态，完整为once (any mistake is) found。故填found。第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。In the distant past, friends relied on each other for their survival. They hunted together and defended each other against _56_(danger) animals and enemies. In those days, if you didnt have a fri
75、end, you would either starve, _57_(eat) or killed. Nowadays, friendship isnt _58_(exact) a matter of life and death. However, friendship is still of great importance and not having a friend is something to be _59_(concern) about. Most people look upon a friend as someone they can depend on when they
76、 are going _60_ times of trouble. In such times, friends provide them with emotional support and sometimes financial help. It is in these troubled times _61_they find out who their true friends are. As an old saying _62_(go), in times of success, friends will be plenty; in times of _63_(suffer), not
77、 one in twenty. And there is another saying _64_says you can hardly make a friend in a year, but you can easily upset one in an hour. So do your best to get along with and be grateful to all those _65_are willing to side with you even when you are in the wrong as they are true friends.【答案】56. danger
78、ous 57. be eaten 58. exactly 59. concerned 60. through 61. that 62. goes 63. suffering 64. that 65. who【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了朋友的重要性。在遥远的过去，朋友们是互相依靠才能生存的，他们一起打猎，互相保护，抵御危险的动物和敌人，否则要么挨饿，要么被吃掉，要么被杀死。现在，大多数人都把朋友看作是在经历困难时可以依靠的人。因此，要珍惜时刻陪在身边的朋友。【56题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们一起打猎，互相保护，抵御危险的动物和敌人。形容词作定语,修饰之后名词“animals”。故填d
79、angerous。【57题详解】考查被动语态。句意：在那些日子里，如果你没有一个朋友，你要么挨饿，要么被吃掉，要么被杀死。分析可知，“_2_ (eat)”应是与之前动词“starve”，之后“killed”为并列结构，共同与情态动词“would”搭配作句子谓语，主语“you”与“eat”之间为被动关系，应用被动结构。故填be eaten。【58题详解】考查副词。句意：如今，友谊已不再是生死攸关的问题。修饰be动词，用副词。故填exactly。【59题详解】考查固定短语。句意：然而，友谊仍然是非常重要的，没有朋友是一件需要担心的事情。be concerned about担心，该短语是固定短语，所
80、以填concerned。【60题详解】考查固定短语。句意：大多数人都把朋友看作是在经历困难时可以依靠的人。“go through”，固定短语，意为“经历；经受”。故填through。【61题详解】考查强调句。句意：正是在这些困难时期，他们才发现谁才是真正朋友。分析句子结构，把It is和该空去掉，句子结构完整，语义清晰，所以判断出，这里是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是：it is/was +被强调部分+that+其他，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。这里强调时间状语in these troubled times，故填that。【62题详解】考查动词时态。句意：俗话说，在成功的时
81、候，朋友会很多；在苦难的时候，二十个人中没有一个。所填空应是从句谓语，结合语境,描述一个客观的事实，时态为一般现在时，主语“an old saying”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填goes。【63题详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，在成功的时候，朋友会很多；在苦难的时候，二十个人中没有一个。结合空前为介词“of”，所填空应是名词作宾语，suffering是不可数名词。故填suffering。【64题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：还有一种说法是，一年之内你很难交到一个朋友，但你很容易在一个小时内让一个朋友心烦。分析可知，“_9_ says you can hardly make a fri
82、end in a year, but you can easily upset one in an hour”为之前名词“another saying”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。【65题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：所以，尽你最大的努力与那些愿意站在你一边的人相处并心存感激，因为他们是真正的朋友。分析可知，“10are willing to side with you”为之前those的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，当先行词为指人的those时，只能用who，不能用that。故填who。第四节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1
83、分，满分10分）66. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出改加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。When I first learn to write in English, I ran into much difficulties. The main problem was in th
84、at I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate into my own language everything which I came across while I was reading. My teacher advised myself to keep a diary. I followed her advices and put down 100 words or so on each day.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself as I was learning to express
85、myself with simple English. One day I wrote a story and showed to my teacher. He liked it too much that he read it to the class. All said that the story was a good one. Their words were a great encouragement to me.【答案】1. learnlearned2. muchmany 3. which that或删去which 4. myselfme 5. advicesadvice 6. (
86、each day前) on删去 7. talktalking 8. within 9. showed后加 it 10. too so【解析】分析】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己学英语的经历。【详解】1. 考查时态。由后面ran可知，此处说的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故将learn改为learned。2. 考查形容词。 much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数，修饰difficulties要用many，故将much改为many。3. 考查定语从句。定语从句中，当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词用that而不用which，作宾语时也可以省略，故which改为that或删去which。
87、4. 考查代词。此处是说老师建议我记日记，advise sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”，故将myself改为me。5. 考查名词单复数。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将advices改为advice。6. 考查介词。each day“每天”作状语，无需加介词。故去掉each day前的on。7. 考查非谓语动词。 enjoy后要接动名词作宾语，表示“喜欢做某事”，故将talk改为talking。8. 考查介词。介词in后接表示语言的名词,表示“用语言”，故将with改为in。9. 考查代词。show sth. to sb.表示“把某物展示给某人”，此处指代前面的
88、a story，故在showed后加it。10. 考查副词。sothat为固定句型，表示“如此以至于”，故将very改为so。【点睛】动词常见的改错形式：一是时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；二是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语，或是需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等。对于第一类错误，可根据上下文语境或者句子的平行结构确定动词时态。例如：第一处learn改成learned，整篇文章都是过去时，这里突然出现一个一般现在时，显然不对。故改成一般过去时。第五节 书面表达（满分25分）67. 假定你是李华，你校上周刚举办了“汉服节”（the Hanf
89、u Festival）活动，你的外国朋友Peter对此非常感兴趣，请你给他写封信。信的内容包括：1. 活动的目的：了解汉服，传承传统文化；2. 活动内容安排：主题讲座，汉服舞蹈表演等；3. 活动在同学中引起的反响。注意：1. 词数120左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Peter._Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter:How are you these days? Last week, the Hanfu Festival was held in our school successfully. Aware tha
90、t you are interested in it, Id like to share with you a brief introduction.To enrich us students knowledge of the traditional Hanfu style costumes and promote traditional Chinese culture, several activities were conducted. We attended a theme lecture, which introduced us to the different styles and
91、features of Hanfu. In addition, and exhibition of fantastic Hanfu from different dynasties amazed us as a feast for the eyes.The festival has won good comments. Moved by the beauty of Hanfu, we take pride in our ancestors intelligence and the charm of traditional Chinese culture. I am certain you wi
92、ll be struck by it.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他下周为大家做一次关于如何加强英语听说的专题讲座。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和少量现在完成时和一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 活动的目的：了解汉服，传承传统文化；2. 活动内容安排：主题讲座，汉服舞蹈表演等；3. 活动在同学中引起的反响。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）the Hanfu Festival，be interested in，share
93、 with，enrich sbs knowledge，promote，conduct，attend lecture，in addition，a feast for the eye，good comment，take pride in，intelligence，be struck by等等。第三步：连词成句1. Last week, the Hanfu Festival was held in our school successfully. 2. Aware that you are interested in it, Id like to share with you a brief int
94、roduction.3. To enrich us students knowledge of the traditional Hanfu style costumes and promote traditional Chinese culture, several activities were conducted. 4. We attended a theme lecture, which introduced us to the different styles and features of Hanfu.5. In addition, and exhibition of fantast
95、ic Hanfu from different dynasties amazed us as a feast for the eyes.6. Moved by the beauty of Hanfu, we take pride in our ancestors intelligence and the charm of traditional Chinese culture. 7. I am certain you will be struck by it.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）表并列补充关系：In addition 连句成文，
96、注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1To enrich us students knowledge of the traditional Hanfu style costumes and promote traditional Chinese culture, several activities were conducted.使用了不定式作目的状语；高分句型2We attended a theme lecture, which introduced us to the different styles and features of Hanfu.使用了which引导非限制定语从句；高分句型3Moved by the beauty of Hanfu, we take pride in our ancestors intelligence and the charm of traditional Chinese culture.使用了形容词短语作伴随状语。
