1、高考概要写作之记叙文 知识导图要点精析（一）概要写作题型解读 By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article. 1、原文材料350词左右，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。2、在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想的前提下用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点3、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。（二）概要写作的要点 1. 简要性（Conciseness）：Omit unnecessary details like examples
2、, explanations and other unimportant information. 2. 完整性（Completeness）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.3. 准确性（Accuracy）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.4. 连贯性（Coherence）：Rather than an outline liste
3、d as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. 5. 客观性（Objectivity）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.（三）概要写作的步骤 1. Skim the text to find
4、 out the general theme. 快读原文，明确主题2. Analyze the texts structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 划分各段，找出要点3. Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without minor details. 抓重点，去枝节4.
5、 Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.归纳整理，转述大意5. Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.复读核对，检查错误（四）记叙文概要写作技巧 记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要
6、点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。2. 写人的记叙文（Description）。写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。（五）记叙文概要写作模板 记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所
7、占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how Who did what bybecause当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。（六）记叙文概要写作样文展示Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as f
8、ar as possible.Discovering a lost brother Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother named Vincent. Though Kieron spent years thinking about him, he could never track him down. That changed in December 2017, when Kierons adoptive parents gave him an AncestryDNA test as a Christmas gift. Kiero
9、n, now 21, sent his saliva (唾液) sample in for analysis. When his results came back, he was stunned to find he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it was labeled “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant.
10、 Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection. “This is going to sound so wild but I think youre my brother,” Kieron wrote on Facebooks Messenger app. “I was given up for adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date
11、. Her name is Shawn.” “OMG do you know your real name?” wrote Vincent, now 30. “I think it was Tyler.” “OMG YES! You are my brother.” “Wow,” wrote Kieron. “This is crazy,” said Vincent. The craziness was just beginning. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each othe
12、r. More surprising, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies. Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decide
13、d that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed. “She was very emotional about that time, to the point where it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says. Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet
14、at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincents concerns was that Kieron might resent his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didnt, and that hed grown up in a loving family. Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more. They play football together and ce
15、lebrated Christmas with their families. “Well keep growing our relationship until its time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldnt be hard. As Kieron says, “Weve got years and years to catch up on.”【解析指导】1. Main idea 本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥 Vincent，后半部分
16、讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅速建立感情。2. Text structure全文可以划分为三个部分：-第一部分：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。-第二部分：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。-第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。3. Mind map4. Writing procedureStep 1：细读全文，明确主题。本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。Step 2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找who / what / when / where / why / how who：Kieron what: found his brot
17、her Vincent when/why: 文中划线处 where: 无需强调 how: through an AncestryDNA test and FacebookStep 3：标主题句或关键词。已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。Step 4：概括。5. Summary writingKieron, given up for adoption reluctantly by his mother when he was a baby, found his brother Vincent through an AncestryDNA test and Facebook. Surprisingly
18、, they lived quite close to each other and studied the same subjects in the same university. After their first meeting, the two brothers quickly bonded and would enhance their relationship in the years to come. (60 words)课堂典例SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60
19、 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.The Voice in the BoxWhen I was quite young, my family had one of the first telephones in the neighborhood. I remember well the polished wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. Bu
20、t my first personal experience with this genie-in-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didnt seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to o
21、ffer sympathy. I walked around the house, and finally arrived at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear. “Information Please,” I said into the mouthpiece just above my head. A click or two
22、, and a small, clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.” “I hurt my finger” I cried into the phone. The tears came readily enough, now that I had an audience. “Isnt your mother home?” came the question. “Nobodys home but me,” I sobbed. “Are you bleeding?” “No,” I replied. “I hit it with the hamm
23、er and it hurts.” “Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then break off a little piece of ice, and hold it on your finger. That will stop the hurt. Be careful when you use the icepick (冰锥),” she said. “And dont cry. Youll be all right.” After that, I called Information Please for ev
24、erything. I asked her for help with my geography, and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grew up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told me that my pet chipmunkI had caught him in the park just the day beforewould eat fr
25、uit and nuts. 【写作指导】这是一篇记叙文，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。读懂全文，可知作者意在向读者介绍他小时候使用电话的轶事，由此可以判断出这是一篇记叙文。因此，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。参考例文如下所示：【参考范文1】One day I hurt my finger when alone at home. It occurred to me that I could use the telephone to call the operator. She gave me detailed instructi
26、ons and comforted me. I later turned to the magic device for help with almost everything. 【参考范文2】The author tells us a story about her experience of using the telephone to ask for help. One day, she got her finger hurt but there was no one at home to turn to. Then the telephone caught her eye, and s
27、he picked up the receiver and talked to the operator. Luckily, she was told how to deal with the injured finger. SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.I took a tr
28、ip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat i
29、mmediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didnt know
30、where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldnt find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. Afte
31、r floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldnt say a word but cried in my fathers arms.【写作指导】根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出
32、记叙文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea trip to a big lake in IndonesiaWho“I”, the writerWhatgot lost; was foundWhygo water-skiing alone; too thrilledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要：【参考范文】The passage tells us the writers experience of adventure. Once the writer was on
33、 a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her rescue. SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustr
34、ated. Use your own words as far as possible.Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the convey
35、or.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this w
36、oman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but pati
37、ent and kind.As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadnt been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stran
38、ger.When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to kno
39、w of the employees kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael
40、 a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。【参考范文】The passage tells us an experience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children went to Targe
41、t for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line, she found an old lady was troublesome, but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that, the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4)实战演练SummaryDirections: Read th
42、e following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Last year my company was brought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when i decided to do something Id always wa
43、nted to do-become a freelance writer(自由作家）. Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways. I work about as much as I did before-between 45 and 50 hours a week- but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 am to 5 pm, everyday, with
44、 a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, I work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2.am, then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule. While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in
45、the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better, Ive also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and ve
46、getables and cook them at home.Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I dont feel as safe financially as used to. When I was working as a manager. I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I dont have a
47、 regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that theres enough money until the next check arrives.【参考范文】After the author quit his previous job and became a freelance writer. Some changes his life. The work schedule became more flexible. He has also done more exercise and ate healthy. But he might
48、not get regular wages. He found that the present lifestyle is suitable for him. SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.On a damp, boring, stay-in-the-house kind of
49、 day, I was a 4-year-old artist armed with a new treasure: my own big box of crayons（蜡笔）. Somehow, the usual paper wasnt special enough for these 64 perfect, sweet-smelling sticks of vivid color. I looked around for a bigger canvas（画布）. If only there were hidden walls. Walls like the ones in Mom and
50、 Dads closet.Slipping quietly down the hall to the bedroom, I stood on tiptoe to reach the string for the closet light. Words and images filled my mind faster than my hands could make them.A brilliant rainbow was seen on one wall, with a cheery golden sun peeking out from above. Below, a giant shade
51、 tree supported a swing for stick-figure children. Around them, flowers bloomed everywhere.My masterpiece! All my very own magic! I took in the walls, the colors and the brightness. Joy swelled inside me. But as my creativity wound down, a thought popped up: Ive got to show Mom! Suddenly I was still
52、.Mom called out, “Dinners ready.”After a short time, her footsteps approached, and then finally, the closet door opened. I stood nervously in the corner.Mom breathed in sharply, then stood frozen. Only her eyes moved as she slowly looked over my masterpiece. She was quiet for a long, long time. I di
53、dnt dare breathe. Finally, she turned to me. “I like it,” she said. “No, I love it! I feel like I have a new closet!”Now, 45 years later, my childhood artwork is still there. And in my own house, the closet walls are masterpieces, too, created by my own daughters when they were little girls. Every t
54、ime I open a closet door, I remember that, as big as that box of crayons and white walls seemed when I was little, my mothers love was the biggest thing of all.【参考范文1】One day when I was little, I created a beautiful picture on the walls in parents closet. Although satisfied with it, I couldnt imagin
55、e moms reaction. Instead of criticizing me for ruining the closet, mom thought highly of my artwork. Now I understand how much she loves me and I do the same to my children to develop their creativity.【参考范文2】The story happened when the writer was 4 years old. She drew pictures on the walls of the closet after getting the new crayons. Her mother praised her artwork instead of scolding her for messing up the room. The pictures remain there till now because it can serve as a reminder of mothers love.
