1、定语从句是高考语法填空题的高频考点之一，更是写作中必须的表达方式。做语法填空题时，首先看从句修饰的内容。当修饰的内容是名词或代词时，常常是定语从句来修饰，确定是定语从句后，再看定语从句中缺少什么成份，如果缺少主语、宾语时，则考虑用关系代词，缺少状语时，则考虑用关系副词。例如：1(2013广东)Nicks guests，_20_ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.此题中，设空从句修饰名词Nicks guests，在从句中作主语，指人，为非限制性定语从
2、句，故答案为who。2(2012广东)Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，_22_ made her feel like a star.此题中，设空处从句对前面内容补充说明，为非限制性定语从句，因在从句中作主语，故答案应为which。1在限制性定语从句中which，who，whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2在非限制性定语从句中， 不能用that引导，关系词不可省略。3以下情况一般用that，不用which引导定语从句。(1)当先行词是指物的all，little，few
3、，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、最高级形容词及the only，the very等修饰时。(3)先行词包括人和物时。(4)当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when，where，why来引导定语从句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词which”替代，其中reason后的why通
4、常用for which替代。特别提醒：当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才会用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。当一些类似case，position，situation，stage等名词作先行词时，一定注意关系词在从句中作的成份功能意义，不可轻易填入that，which，where等关系词。4当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。两者的区别在于：(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。(2)which常译作“这”；而as
5、常译作“正如”，且多与see，expect，imagine，know，hope等动词连用。(3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为动词时，要用which。(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。(5)as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentione
6、d above(正如上面所提到的)等等。学 以 致 用.根据句意填入适当关系词，并体会关系词的功能意义。1(2013课标，4)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house_I would be staying.答案where句意：当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。先行词the house表示地点，还原到从句中为：I would be staying in the house.故应使用关系副词where引导定语从句。2(2013北京，27)Many countries are now setting up national parks_
7、animals and plants can be protected.答案where句意：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物能够受到保护。先行词为national parks，代入从句中为：In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.应该使用表示地点的关系副词where。3(2013天津，6)We have launched another manmade satellite，_is announced in todays newspaper.答案which句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸
8、上宣布的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用which引导。4(2013重庆，24)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of _ are family members.答案whom句意：约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。在定语从句中如果介词放在关系代词之前，且先行词指人时，从句中关系代词只能使用whom。5(2013山东，31)There is no simple answer，_is often the case in science.答案as句意：科学经常就
9、是这样的，它没有一个简单的答案。考查定语从句。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语，并引导非限制性定语从句。6(2013山东，35)Finally he reached a lonely island_was completely cut off from the outside world.答案which/that句意：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是island，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词表示“物”，可以用whi
10、ch或that。7(2013浙江，13)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.答案where句意：博物馆将在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观光平台。参观者可以从这个平台观看正在建设的大温室(玻璃暖房)。先行词为platform，代入定语从句后为：Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the platfor
11、m.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。8(2013福建，27)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.答案whose句意：这本书从遭受地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。将先行词those代入定语从句后为：The lives of those were affected.由此可知先行词在从句中和lives是所属关系，从句中缺少定语，故答案为whose。9(2013辽宁，34)He may win the competition，in_ c
12、ase he is likely to get into the national team.答案which句意：他有可能赢得这次比赛，在这种情况下，他有希望进入到国家队。句子可改为：He may win the competition，and in that case he is likely to get into the national team.去掉并列连词and，用which换掉that的位置而引导定语从句。10(2013江苏，32)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_he remembe
13、rs starting as early as his childhood.答案which句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。先行词是a passion for China，且在定语从句中作start的宾语，要用关系代词，在非限制性定语从句中用which。11(2013安徽，29)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.答案which句意：莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔
14、文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。12(2013湖南，21)Happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.答案who句意：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于意识到自己长处的人。先行词为those，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示“人”，故用who。13(2013四川，9)Nowa
15、days people are more concerned about the environment_they live.答案where句意：现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。先行词是environment，将先行词代入定语从句后为：They live in the environment.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。14(2013江西，33)He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.答案where句意：他写了一封信，信中他解释了事故中发生了什么。将先行词letter代入
16、从句为：He explained what had happened in the accident in the letter.由此可知从句中缺少状语，应该用关系副词where，相当于in which。15(2012全国，8)That evening，_I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.答案which句意：稍后我会告诉你更多关于那晚的事，那晚我工作到很晚。先行词为That evening，将先行词代入定语从句后为：I will tell you more about that evening later
17、.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，且表示“物”，故用which引导。本题易误填when，考生只看到先行词为表示时间的名词，但没有注意先行词在定语从句中的功能。.语篇填空在设空处填入一个适当的关系代词或关系副词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。There was a time _1_ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason _2_ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English clu
18、b before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，_3_ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide _4_ teacher was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face，from _5_ I gained some useful instructions.He also
19、showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities _6_ we did.My father and the guide _7_ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I fee
20、l it interesting to learn English，into _8_ I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages，through _9_ I can memorize a large number of new words._10_ our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.”答案1.when2.why3.where4.whose5.whom6that/which7.who/that8.which9.which10.As
