1、专题01 2021年全国乙卷完形填空重点词汇和长难句回顾+变式练阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a _41_ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that expre
2、ss different _42_ of gratitude (感谢). My thoughts were soon _43_. We had a woman patient who was _44_ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while _45_ to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was _46_ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, _47_the emergency medi
3、cal team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though _48_, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks. She was_49_ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her _50_ at her recovery. As she was _51_ she was eager to say_52_ to ea
4、ch of us in the nursing team. When she _53_ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague _54_ to accept it, saying that we were all just_55_our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _56_: “Oh this isnt for the _57_I had. I take that as a _58_. No, this is for setti
5、ng my hair yesterday.” And there you have it. To many people, _59_ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an _60_ and should be rewarded.41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discus
6、sion D.taken into account44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily49. A. gr
7、ateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused55. A.
8、 enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported57. A. courage . patience C. duty D. care58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra重点词汇：1. assess评估 2. consul咨询 3. casu
9、ally随意地 ;漫不经心地 4. recite背诵 5. retire退休 6.depart 离开；离职；偏离 7. a wide range of 各种各样的8. brushed aside撇开 9.brought under discussion引起讨论10.put to the test经受考验 (延展词汇)put sth to use/practice投入使用/实践11.taken into account考虑到 12.thoughtful体贴的；周到的；沉思的； 13.It came to me that. 我突然想起同义句型It struck me that It occurre
10、d to me that It hit me that 长难句：1. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude.整句翻译：我突然想到，如果我们拥有各种表达感激程度的词语，这将会更容易。本句是一个主从复合句，if引导一个从句，that引导一个定语从句修饰words。主句it came to me 表示我突然想到2. One afternoon, while attempting to get int
11、o bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.整句翻译：一天下午，她在试图上床休息时倒了下来，最后发现是因为心脏病。本句话包含两个从句，while attempting引导的是一个省略句。When, while等连词引导的从句中，当主语和主句主语相同并含有be动词时可以省略主语和be动词。What引导一个宾语从句做from的宾语。3. As she was leaving she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nur
12、sing team.整句翻译：当她要离开时，她迫不及待地想和护理团队中的我们每个人说再见。was leaving正在进行表示将来。was eager to表示“渴望”say goodbye to sb“和某人说再见”4. To many people, saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded.整句翻译：对于很多人来说，医生拯救生命是工作职责，而做发型则是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。本句话中saving lives是动名词短语做主语。Reward做动词表示“奖励”，形容词
13、是rewarding，“值得的”。【答案】4145 CABDA 4650 ABCAB 5155 DCADB 5660 CDBCD【解析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，通过叙述一位病人对护士帮她做头发进行奖励来论述感谢有不同等级之分。41.C【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文52空的“ each of us in the nursing team.”可知，作者是一位护士，cleaner“清洁工”，chemist“化学家”，nurse“护士”，doctor“医生”，故选C。42.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据本段第一句“Simply saying thank you doesnt seem enou
14、gh in certain situations.”推断可知，感谢有等级之分，grades“等级，级别”，meanings“意义”，needs“需求”，expectations“期望”，故选A。43.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据下文对病人行为的描述可知，作者的想法很快就得到了检验。brushed aside“扫除；漠视”，put to the test“检验，测验”，brought under discussion“讨论”，taken into account“考虑，重视”，故选B。44.D【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“a knee replacement operation”
15、可知，女病人是从膝关节置换手术恢复，departing“离开”，escaping“逃离”， retiring“退休”，recovering“恢复”，故选D。45.A【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“she collapsed (倒下) from what was”推断可知，该病人是尝试上床，attempting“尝试”，choosing“选择”，pausing“暂停”，promising“承诺”，故选A。46.A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据上文的尝试上床而倒下，结合下文的“a heart attack.”推断可知，最终发现有心脏病，eventually“最终”，fortunately
16、“幸运地”，casually“随便地”，secretly“秘密地”，故选A。47.B【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“The collapse was disastrous,”推断可知，这个状况是需要紧急医疗团队和良好的团队合作的，assessing“评估”，requiring“要求”，forming“组成”，proving“证明”，故选B。48.C【解析】 考查副词词义辨析。根据上文的“But she recovered”结合though推断可知，病人是恢复的比较缓慢，slightly“轻微地”，accidentally“意外地”，slowly“缓慢地”，happily“快乐地”，故选
17、C。49.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据42空附近的“express different_42_ of gratitude (感谢)”以及这个病人下文的所作所为，推断可知，她应该是对整个医疗和护理团队的付出表示很感激，grateful“感激的”，thoughtful“深思的”，sorrowful“悲伤的”，fearful“可怕的”，故选A。50.B【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“at her recovery”推断可知，我们应该是分享她的喜悦，surprise“惊讶”，delight“开心，喜悦”，curiosity“好奇心”，disappointment“失望”，故选B。51.
18、D【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文48空的“for discharge (出院) after four weeks.”推断可知，病人是打算离开，operating“动手术”，thinking“思考”，hesitating“犹豫”，leaving“离开”，故选D。52. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文推断可知，离开应该是告别，故选C。53.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“press a five-pound note”推断可知，她应该是走到一个护士跟前，reached“到达”，consulted“请教，咨询”，introduced“介绍”，persuaded“说服”，故选A。
19、54.D【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“saying that we were all just_55_our job”推断可知，那位护士是拒绝接受，wished“希望”，pretended“假装”，failed“失败”，refused“拒绝”，故选D。55.B【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“My colleague _54_ to accept it”推断可知，护士表示仅仅是工作职责，enjoying“享受”，doing“做”，securing“获得，保卫”，starting“开始”，故选B。56.C【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的拒绝接受，结合“The patient
20、 looked puzzled”可知，病人是回应到，repeated“重复”，recited“背诵”，replied“回答，回应”，reported“报道”，故选C。57.D【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文整个护理团队对病人付出了很多，推断可知，病人不是对护理的感谢，courage“勇气”，patience“耐心”，duty“责任”，care“护理”，故选D。58.B【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“Oh this isnt for the _57_I had. this is for setting my hair yesterday”结合下文的“part of the job”推
21、断可知，病人把照顾视为应当的，thats a given表“理所应当的，显而易见的，自然而然的，故选B。59.C【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的描述可知，病人得了心脏病，整个医疗团队与护理人员的职责就是救死扶伤，risking“冒险”，changing“改变”，saving“挽救”，building“构造”，故选C。60.D【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“lives is part of the job”推断可知，病人认为医生拯救生命是工作职责，而做发型则是额外的事情，应该得到奖励，honour“荣誉”，ability“能力”，opening“机会，空缺的职位”，extra“额外
22、的事物”，故选D。变式练01Two years ago I was a typical girl with a rather plain life. When _41_ to a local voluntary organization called “Peer-to-Peer” by a poster, I had no idea what this group was about._42_, to learn more about it, I decided to attend a _43_, which changed my life.Just like the _44_ suggest
23、s, everyone is considered a peer, including regular members and our leaders. This means we can _45_ our leaders by their first names. We can also ask our leaders for help in _46_ life situations, which we know they will never _47_! When it comes to conversations about awkward topics like love, we ar
24、e _48_ not to be ashamed of ourselves.This organizations meetings _49_ in our local library. We usually gather and communicate about _50_ topics concerning our society: education equality and safety This kind of communication helps us to make the right choice and _51_ our mind. Sometimes weve gone o
25、utside in order to participate in _52_ events. One event we had,_53_, was “Give a cigarette Take a candy” intending to _54_ smoking.At this organization we are friends with each other and are a _55_ community. Ive also gained a lot of _56_ experience by communicating with people and working in the t
26、eam.With time going by, I have found an abundance of other _57_ organizations such as “Give Good” and “Youth Initiative Center”. All of them have _58_ me a great chance to develop my own personality and make my life _59_.Im sure Ill have a lot of wonderful _60_ about my youth with me getting older.4
27、1. A. invitedB. transformedC. promotedD. introduced42. A. BesidesB. AccidentallyC. ThereforeD. Luckily43. A. partyB. meetingC. competitionD. program44. A. nameB. posterC. aimD. organization45. A. addressB. assistC. informD. avoid46. A. simpleB. difficultC. familiarD. similar47. A. acceptB. understan
28、dC. realizeD. reject48. A. forcedB. requestedC. encouragedD. reminded49. A. carry onB. take placeC. set downD. turn up50. A. lightB. rareC. hotD. plain51. A. broadenB. correctC. polishD. support52. A. powerfulB. cheerfulC. hopefulD. meaningful53. A. in shortB. as usualC. for exampleD. in effect54. A
29、. criticizeB. spreadC. decreaseD. ignore55. A. famousB. tightC. workableD. good56. A. originalB. particularC. potentialD. precious57. A. voluntaryB. individualC. professionalD. social58. A. costB. guaranteedC. owedD. prepared59. A. irregularB. comfortableC. attractiveD. unbelievable60. A. memoriesB.
30、 impressionsC. secretsD. dreams【答案】41- 45 DCBAA 46-50 BDCBC 51-55 ADCCB 56-60 DABDA【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个叫“同龄人”的志愿组织改变了作者的生活，让她的生活变得不可思议。41.D【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。A. invited邀请；B. transformed转换；C. promoted提升；D. introduced介绍。上文说我是一个生活相当平常的女孩，当通过海报被介绍到一个叫“同龄人”的志愿组织时，我甚至都不知道它是干什么的，故D项正确。42.C【解析】 考查副词词义辨析。A. Besides
31、此外；B. Accidentally偶然地；C. Therefore因此；D. Luckily幸运的是。根据本空后的“to learn more about it, I decided to attend a _43_ , which changed my life.”可知，因此，为了更多地了解这个组织，我决定参加它的一个会议，故C项正确。43.B【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。A. party聚会；B. meeting会议；C. competition竞赛；D. program项目。根据下文中的“This organizations meetings”可知，我参加了一个会议，它改变了我的生活，故
32、B项正确。44.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. name名字；B. poster海报；C. aim宗旨；D. organization组织。上文说这个组织叫“同龄人”志愿组织，正如它名字显示的那样，每个人都是同龄人，故A项正确。45.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. address称呼；B. assist帮助；C. inform通知；D. avoid避免。这个组织里的成员和领导都是同龄人，这意味着我们可以直呼领导的名字，故A项正确。46.B【解析】 考查形容词词义辨析。A. simple简单的；B. difficult困难的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. similar相似的。根据本
33、空前的“We can also ask our leaders for help”可知，我们还可以在生活困难的时候向领导求助，故B项正确。47.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. accept接受； B. understand理解；C. realize意识到；D. reject拒绝。根据文章情境可知，我们知道领导从不会拒绝我们的求助，故D项正确。48.C【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。A. forced强迫； B. requested要求；C. encouraged鼓励；D. reminded提醒。根据本空后的“not to be ashamed of ourselves.”可知，当谈到像爱情这样尴
34、尬的话题时，我们被鼓励不要害羞，故C项正确。49.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. carry on继续；B. take place发生；C. set down记下；D. turn up调大。这个组织的会议在当地图书馆举行，故B项正确。50.C. 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. light轻的；B. rare罕见的；C. hot热议的；D. plain朴素的、平常的。根据本空后的“topics concerning our society:education, equality and safety”可知，我们经常在一起讨论像教育、平等以及安全等热议的话题，故C项正确。51.A【解析】考查
35、动词词义辨析。A. broaden拓宽；B. correct更正；C. polish改进；D. support支持。这种交流方式帮助我们做正确的选择并拓宽了我们的思维，故A项正确。52.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. powerful有力的；B. cheerful愉快的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. meaningful有意义的。有时候我们还会出去参加有意义的活动，故D项正确。53.C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A. in short总之；B. as usual照例；C. for example例如；D. in effect生效。根据本空后的“was “Give a cigarette
36、- Take a candy” intending to_54_ smoking.”可知，例如，我们参加的一个活动是旨在减少吸烟的“给一根香烟，拿一块糖”活动，故C项正确。54.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. criticize批评；B. spread传播；C. decrease减少；D. ignore忽视。“给一根香烟，拿一块糖”活动是为了减少吸烟，故C项正确。55.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. famous出名的；B. tight紧的、亲密的；C. workable可行的；D. good好的。根据本空前的“At this organization we are friends wi
37、th each other”可知，在这个组织中，大家彼此是朋友，这是一个亲密的社区，故B项正确。56.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. original新颖的；B. particular特别的；C. potential潜在的；D. precious宝贵的。根据本空后的“experience by communicating with people and working in the team.”可知，通过与人交流和团队合作我获得了宝贵的经验，故D项正确。57.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. voluntary志愿的；B. individual个人的；C. professional专业的
38、；D. social社会的。上文说这是一个志愿组织，此处是说后来我还发现了其他和它一样的志愿组织，故A项正确。58.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. cost花费；B. guaranteed保证；C. owed欠；D. prepared准备。这些志愿组织保证我有一个很好的机会来发展我的个性，让我的生活变得不可思议，故B项正确。59.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. irregular不规律的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. unbelievable难以置信的、不可思议的。这些志愿组织让我的生活变得不可思议，故D项正确。60.A【解析】考查名词词义
39、辨析。A. memories记忆、回忆；B. impressions印象；C. secrets秘密；D. dreams梦想。我确信我会有很多关于青春的美好回忆，故A项正确。变式练02完形填空(共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The wisdom my 77-year-old father has passed on to me came more through osmosis(潜移) than lectures. My dads _41_shines throug
40、h all my life.Old age hasnt _42_him, mainly because he doesnt think almost-80 is old. He had ever trained for a charity _43_across the Hudson River in New York. He wore his custom-fitted diving suit, but he still got so _44_. We warmed him and wrapped him in a sleeping bag. “Oh, _45_. It isnt that b
41、ad,” hed say, “I am fine.” He always is. He did _46_the Hudson swim a month later.If you ask my father whether or not his life has been hard, he will say he is _47_. He means the kind of happiness that comes from _48_a well-cooked family meal, taking a good long run or growing a perfect tomato. Did
42、I mention that he used to run marathons before his knee replacement surgery? Hes the only one _49_convinced me I could do it, too. “Anyone can run a marathon,” he said, “_50_you keep training.”My father was born in 1933. His childhood took a _51_at the beginning of World War II. His father joined th
43、e French Army and was _52_by the Germans and spent the war in a prison camp. My dad and his mother and sister were shipped off to New Jersey to live with relatives. His mother _53_from depression, and Dad went to a boarding school in New England from the sixth grade on. Yet in all Dads dinner table
44、_54_, there have been many times when he turned them into _55_stories.After a family dinner the other night, my father advised us to try the skydiving _56_ “Sixty-five seconds of falling,” he said. “ I _57_it. I should have been a paratrooper (伞兵)!”He loves getting cards in the mail, and usually Im
45、_58_, so instead I call him on Fathers Day. But this year Ive _59_to be early for once. I want to let him know how much he _60_to me.Dad, thank youfor all of it and mostly for your long faith that everything will be OK.41. A. ability B. gentleness C. optimism D. humor42. A. comforted B. slowed C. pu
46、nished D. accused43. A. swim B. donation C. volunteer D. activity44. A. warm B. sad C. calm D. cold45. A. come out B. come back C. come over D. come on46. A. complete B. stop C. delay D. celebrate47. A. ordinary B. young C. disabled D. lucky48. A. destroying B. containing C. sharing D. buying49. A.
47、whom B. which C. what D. that50. A. as long as B. as far as C. though D. because51. A. step B. turn C. sigh D. dream52. A. killed B. caught C. driven D. fired53. A. resulted B. trapped C. suffered D. separated54. A. jokes B. manners C. stories D. news55. A. foolish B. great C. short D. terrible56. A
48、. chance B. adventure C. visit D. movement57. A. loved B. hated C. used D. assessed58. A. late B. early C. noisy D. quiet59. A. refused B. permitted C. allowed D. decided60. A. occurs B. possesses C. means D. proves【答案】41-45 CBADBD 46-50 ADCDA 51-55 BBCCB 56-60 BAADC【解析】 故事类阅读。作者的父亲用实际行动告诉作者笑对人生的人比在
49、挫折面前悲伤的人更能得到快乐的垂青，这让作者受益匪浅，对父亲深怀感激之情。41. C【解析】考查名词辨析。ability能力；gentleness和善，彬彬有礼；optimism乐观，乐观主义；humor幽默。根据下文对父亲的描述，可知我的父亲比较乐观（optimism）。故选C项。42. B【解析】考查动词辨析。 Comfort安慰； slow慢 punish惩罚；accuse指控。根据下文的“mainly because he doesnt think almost-80 is old”可知，我的父亲并不认为将近八十岁就老，即年龄大并没有让他慢（slowed）下来。43. A【解析】考查名
50、词辨析。Swim游泳； donation捐赠； volunteer志愿者；activity活动。根据下文“He wore his custom-fitted diving suit,”及“. He did _46_the Hudson swim a month later.”可知，我的父亲曾经为参加一个慈善游泳（swim）活动训练过。故选A项。44. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据第4小题空前面的but以及下文的We warmed him and wrapped him in a sleeping bag可知我的父亲仍然感到很冷（cold）。故选D项。45. D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。 co
51、me out出来，出现，出版；come back回来；come over过来；come on得了吧，算了吧。此处表示“算了吧（come on）,没那么糟糕”。故选D项。46. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。complete完成，使完满；stop停止； delay延迟，耽搁；celebrate庆祝。我的父亲一个月后的确游完了（complete）哈德逊河。故选A项。47. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。Ordinary普通的；young年轻的；disabled残疾的；lucky幸运的。如果你问我父亲生活是否艰难，他会说自己很幸运。根据下句“He means the kind of happiness”可知
52、选D项。48. C【解析】考查动词辨析。 Destroy破坏； contain包含，容纳；share分享；buy买。他的意思是这种幸福感来源于共享（share）精心烹制的家常便饭。故选C项。49. D【解析】考查定语从句。我的父亲使我相信我也能参加马拉松赛跑。分析句子可知，本句Hes the only one _49_convinced me I could do it,是定语从句。the only one 是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，由于先行词被the only所修饰，所以只能用that故选D项。 50. A【解析】考查状语从句。as long as只要；as far as就而言，和一样远
53、； though尽管； because因为。由下文的as long as you keep training可知,此处表示任何人都可以参加马拉松赛跑。故选A项。51. B【解析】考查名词辨析。Step步骤；turn 改变，机会； sigh叹气，悲叹；dream梦想。我的父亲于1933年出生,在二战初他的童年发生了改变(turn)。故选B项。52. B【解析】考查动词辨析。 Kill杀害； catch抓住；drive驱使；fire解雇，开火。根据本题后的“spent the war in a prison camp.”可知我的祖父被捕（catch）了。53. C【解析】考查动词辨析。result
54、导致；trap 困住，使陷入困境；Suffer遭受痛苦；separate分开。他的母亲患抑郁症，suffer from表示遭受。故选C项。54. C【解析】考查名词辨析。Joke玩笑；manner方式，方法； stories故事； news新闻。据15空后面的stories可知，此空用stories。故选C项。55. B【解析】考查形容词辨析。有多次我的父亲把他餐桌上很平常的故事变成了非常了不起（great）的故事。故选B项。56. B【解析】考查名词辨析。 Chance机会，可能； adventure冒险；visit访问，探望；movement运动，活动。据下文的“Sixty-five se
55、conds of free falling”可知,父亲建议我们尝试特技跳伞冒险(adventure)活动。故选B项。57. A【解析】考查动词辨析。Love喜欢，热爱；hate讨厌； use使用；assess评估，评定。由下文可知,我的父亲热爱跳伞运动。故选A项。58. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。 late 晚的，迟到的；early早的；noisy嘈杂的，喧闹的；quiet安静的。根据“so instead I call him on Fathers Day. But this year Ive _59_to be early for once.”可知我常常向父亲表示迟到的祝贺。59. D【解析】考查动词辨析。Refuse拒绝；permit允许，许可； allowed允许，承认；decide决定。根据上下文内容以及but可知，今年我决定（decide）这一次要早一点向父亲表示祝贺。故选D项。60. C【解析】考查动词辨析。 Occur发生；possess拥有；mean意味着； prove证明。根据下文“Dad, thank youfor all of it and mostly for your long faith that everything will be OK”可知，我想要父亲知道他对我意味(means)着有多重要。
