1、专题01 复合句之定语从句-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练高中定语从句的主要考察题型考察题型考察方式语法填空不给提示的空格会考察1-2题，涉及到5种关系代词和3种关系副词的选择。比如说语法填空这句话“This national park, 61 covers 4,269 km2, is home to Chinas most concentrated and well-preserved tropical rainforests. ”中考察了which引导的非限制性定语从句。书面表达学生能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上1-2句定语从句，尤其是非限制性定语从句更容易加分。比如读后续写中有用
2、到which引导的非限制性定语从句: She further explained that my key fob had the alarm button, which helped them find my home by keeping pressing it. （句意：她进一步解释说，我的遥控钥匙上有报警按钮，这有助于他们通过不停地按来找到了我的家。）高中定语从句的主要考察点 关系代词中必须选择that的6种情况 关系代词中必须选择which的3种情况 关系代词中必须选择who的2种情况 关系代词中必须选择whom的情况 关系副词如何改写成“介词+which” 抽象地点和抽象时间作先行词
3、时关系副词如何选择 as在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中与which/that的区分 the way 作为先行词时关系词如何选择 关系词whose的用法如何升级 that引导的定语从句如何与强调句进行区分 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数如何根据先行词来确定定语从句四大要素：1、概念：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 e.g.I like the book that you borrowed yesterday. Do you remember the place which we talked about? This
4、 is the person who I am going to introduce to you.2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places that we can visit（them不需要再写）in China. 3、关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为
5、关系代词或关系副词。 关系词的作用：1.连接先行词与定语从句； 2.代替先行词； 3.在定语从句中充当成分。 关系代词：若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等主要成分时，用关系代词引导定语从句。关系副词：若先行词在从句中作状语（时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等），用关系副词引导定语从句。关系代词：who, whom, that, which, as, whose 关系副词：when, where, why4、定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 e.g.I remember that day, 29th June, when she told
6、 me she would go away.下面具体讲解以上表格中的11种考察点：一、关系代词中必须选择that的6种情况- 当先行词是指物的不定代词，如all,much,little,everything,nothing,some,any,anything等时，只能用that引导从句，而且在从句中作宾语时常常可省略。当先行词是序数词或受序数词修饰时，只能用that引导从句。当先行词是最高级或受最高级修饰时，只能用that引导从句。当先行词受the very, the only, the just之类的词修饰时，只能用that引导从句。当先行词是既指人又指物的并列名词短语时，只能用that引导
7、从句。当句子中已经含有which或者who的字眼时，只能用that引导从句。相关例题：1).We should do everything _ is good for our studies.2).The is the first place _ I want to visit.3).This is the most interesting book _ I have ever read.4).This is the only thing_ we can do.5).He built up a factory which produced things _ I had never seen b
8、efore.6).We talked about the things and persons _ we were interested in.【答案】1.that 2.that/ 3.that/ 4.that/ 5.that/ 6.that/ 二、关系代词中必须选择which 的3种情况- 当关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时，并且指物用于非限制定语从句中which可指代前面讲到的整件事相关例题：1).This is the train by _ we went to Beijing.2).Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played a
9、ll over the world.3).He was late for school again, _ made the teacher very angry.【答案】which which which三、关系代词中必须选择who的2种情况- 先行词是指人的不定代词someone、anyone、everyone、everybody等先行词是指人的those相关例题：1). Anyone comes late should be punished.2). He admired those looked beautiful.【答案】who who 四、关系代词中必须选择whom的情况- 当关系代
10、词在从句中作前置介词的宾语并且指人时，关系词用whom，而不能用that或who。相关例题：1） The man to _I nodded is Professor Li.2）The man to_ I nodded is Mr. Li.【答案】whom whom 五、关系副词如何改写成“介词+which”- 注意： 介词+关系代词 中关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替.1.介词的确定方法根据先行词来确定；根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定；根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定。2.介词的位置一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后
11、，注意：that不能放在介词后作宾语。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:Lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from等。判断正误：1）This is the patient whom I am taking care of.（）2）This is the patient of whom I am taking care. （）1）、when 在从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+关系代词（which）Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.w
12、hen=on which(=on the day)2）、where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+关系代词（which）This is the house where I lived two years ago.where =in which(=in the house)3）、why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）Do you know the reason why she was late.why=for which(=for the reason)相关习题：1).We cant live without t
13、he sun _ _ we get heat and light.2).The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics.3).Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands?4).I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100 .5).This is the good car _ _ I spent all my money.6).The English play _ my students acted at the New Years
14、 party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 7).I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress. A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which8).In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. thatB. to whoC.from whom D.to whom9).
15、The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. 1. in that B.for that C.in which D.for which 10).The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _are sold abroad.A. of which B.which of C.of them D.of that 【答案】1.from which
16、 2.in which 3.with whom 4.for which 5.on which 6-10. CDDDA六、抽象地点和抽象时间作先行词时关系副词如何选择- 1）、 需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句其常见的表示模糊化地点的先行词有：situation, point, stage, job, business, case, occasion, condition, opportunity等等，要注意的是从句的结构是完整的，这些先行词在从句中作状语。相关例题：1).In order to get started in this career,Im willing to accept
17、 any position(职位) _ I can show my abilities.A.when B. where C. to which D. which 2).I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 3).Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. wh
18、ich 4).Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 【答案】BCAA2）、需掌握的由when引导的特殊定语从句其常见表示模糊化时间的先行词有：stay,visit,occasion,interval,moment,span,age等等，相关例句：IwillbrandmygoldenstayinParisonmyheartwhenIledahappyandfruitfullife.我会将我
19、在巴黎那段幸福而有收获的日子铭记于心。Attheagewhenotherpeopleretire,Francisbeganthegreatestcauseinhislife.在一个别人退休的年龄，弗朗西斯开始了他一生中最伟大的事业。七、 as 在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中与which/that的区分- 1）、as和which在引导限定性定语从句时的区别as在引导限制性定语从句多与the same, such, as, so连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。如: Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly. I was re
20、ading the same book as he bought yesterday. We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.We hope to get such a tool as he is using. We hope to get the tool which he is using.2）、as和that在引导限定性定语从句时的区别the same. that指“同一人（物）”；而the same. as指“同一类人
21、（物）”。This is the same watch as I lost. 这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那一只手表。3）、as和which在引导非限定性定语从句时的区别A. 由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面（一般放在句首），一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后（即一般放在句中）。例如：As we all know, Galileos theory of fallin
22、g objects is right.= Galileos theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right.= Galileos theory of falling objects is right, as we all know.As is expected, the England team won the football match.The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.He was late again, which made me unhappy.As y
23、ou know, he is good at English.B .as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含义，which 没有。后面的谓语动词多是see, know, hear, expect, say, mention, report等。Bob did an excellent job, as we had expected. Our team won the game, which made us happy. As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.C. as做主语时，其后必跟系动词，而which 无此限制 The meeting w
24、as put off, as was what we wanted. He was murdered, as seemed true.相关习题：( ) 1. I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it( ) 2. He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A. that B. which C. for which D. who( ) 3. I want to use the same tools _used in
25、your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which( )4. He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as ( )5. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though ( ) 6. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expect
26、ed. A. as B. that C. what D. who 【答案】CBCDBA八、 the way 作为先行词时关系词如何选择- 先行词是the way在从句中作方式状语，用in which或者that或者“ / ”来引导从句或者不用关系词。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。相关例题：1). Will you please show me the way to the o
27、nly tall building _ stands near the post office.A. / B. in which C. that D. where2).Idontliketheway_youspeaktoyourteacher.A. B.inthat C.which D.ofwhich3).What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A.in the way B.in the way that C. the way that D.the way which 【答案】CAC九、关系词whose的用法如何升级-
28、指物时 = of which 指人时 = of whom当whose用来指物时，whose= the+名词十of which/ of which+the+名词当whose用来指人时，whose= the+名词+of whom/ of whom+the+名词相关例句：This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.Do you know the girl whose father died in
29、Iraq.Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq. Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq.相关例题：1).The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us.A. that B. it C. what D. which 【答案】D2).The house _ window are broken belongs to my gra
30、ndfather.【答案】whose/of which the十、that引导的定语从句如何与强调句进行区分- 1）在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that, which, who, whom或关系副词when, where, why等，先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语；2）在强调句中，可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容，而且在强调句中则主要使用that, who。相关例题：例1：It is a question that needs careful consideration.It is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.句中的句子是_
31、；句中的句子是_【答案】句中的句子是定语从句；句中的句子是强调句例2：It is this street _I happened to meet him.It is in this street _I happened to meet him. A. that B.where C.which D.from which【答案】B A例3：-Where did you meet him?-It is in the cinema_ I met him.-It is in the cinema_ door faces west. A.that B.where C.whose D.which【答案】A
32、C十一、定语从句中谓语动词的单复数如何根据先行词来确定-定语从句中，关系词作主语时，应特别注意主谓一致现象。这时，先行词起决定作用，因为关系词所指即为先行词，主谓一致实际上就是先行词和谓语动词的一致。注意规则：one of复数名词关系代词复数动词；而the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词相关习题：1).I who_your friend will do everything I can to help you. 2).He is the only one of us who_fond of such things. 3).He is one of us who_fond of
33、such things.4).The idea, which I think _(be) reasonable, was brought up by Tom yesterday.5).I still remember the teachers and the school that_(be) talked of yesterday evening.【答案】am; is; are; is; were【典型真题】【湖南省长沙市德成学校2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题】New Orleans, a city 59._was built largely below sea level,
34、 was worst hit. 【答案】which【江苏省海安市实验中学2022-2023学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题】58. After all, home is a place_all family members are together.【答案】where【江苏省靖江高级中学20222023学年高一下学期第一次调研测试英语试题】On Monday, the government of Hangzhou called on those infected with COVID-19_62_chose to stay in a hotel.【答案】who【江苏省南通市海安市实验中学2022
35、-2023学年高二上学期第一次学情检测英语试题】Albert Einstein, _is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, made numerous contributions to the world. 【答案】who【2023年5月浙江四校高三联考英语（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）】Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create ones_65_can right themselves.【答案】which/that应用文写作Hello, my de
36、ar fellows. Im really excited to be informed that we are going to start an English journal together, which is definitely a wonderful idea.（非限制性定语从句使用）【2023届浙江温州三模试题】The annual Weifang International Kite Festival, _64_has been held on the third Saturday of every April since 1984. 【答案】which【2023届高三全国第
37、七次百校大联考试题英语】应用文写作Thank you very much for your email and your very best wishes, which really encourage me a lot.（非限制性定语从句使用）读后续写A kind of sweet peace flooded me like a blessing, which made me hopeful again. （非限制性定语从句使用）【2023届湖北省十一校高三第二次联考英语试题】The dance featured a character from 63 famous ancient Chin
38、ese painting Ode to Goddess Luo, the daughter of a sacred king character Fu Xi in a Chinese tale 64 drowned and then became a goddess. 【答案】64. who 【南通市2023届高三考前练习卷（四模）】 The impacts begin before birth, 61 contributes to low birth weight and premature birth.【答案】61. which 应用文写作We also participated in o
39、utdoor games and team-building activities, which helped us learn to work together and improve our communication skills. （非限制性定语从句使用）Overall, the outing was a valuable experience, where we gained a better understanding of the world around us. （非限制性定语从句使用）【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三下学期3月学科核心素养测评英语试题】应用文写作Las
40、t weekend witnessed a calligraphy and painting exhibition organized by our school, which turned out to be a real hit.（非限制性定语从句使用）【补充习题】一、用适当的关系词填空1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in Octo
41、ber, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exh
42、ibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time
43、 _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. W
44、ho is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother_you didnt like?23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book
45、 yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful pla
46、ce_you may spend your weekend.【答案】1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which/不填) 20.that 21.that 22. that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose 26. whom 27
47、. when 28. that 29. when 30. where二、改错题1.This is all which I want to say.2.The man who never make mistakes never makes anything.3.This is the book about that I told you last time.4.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.5.Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.6.The radio set whi
48、ch I bought it last week has gone wrong. 7.Is this the classroom which you have classes every day?8.My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.9.He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned. 10.I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.【答案】1. which改为that 2.第一个make改为makes 3.that改为which 4.which改为that 5.Which改为As 6.去掉it 7.which前加in或者将which改为where 8.with改为without 9.who改为whom 10.which改为as
