1、Section_Warming Up & Reading Language Points 1distant adj.(1)遥远的；远处的；久远的Have you heard the distant sound of music?你听到远处的音乐声了吗？(2)疏远的，关系不近的Those two weak boys are distant relations.那两个瘦弱的男孩是远房亲戚。(3)冷淡的；不亲近的Instead of stopping to speak, she passed by with only a distant nod.她没有停下来谈话，只是冷冷地点了一下头就走了过去。di
2、stance n久远；距离；冷淡；疏远at/from a distance 离一段距离in/into the distance 在远方，在远处keep sb. at a distance(keep ones distance from sb./sth.)与某人保持一定距离；对某人疏远The picture looks more beautiful from a distance.这幅图画远看更美丽。(1)他正隔着一段距离同他的一位朋友谈话。He is standing at_a_distance,_talking to a friend of his.(2)我们学校约有20公里远。Our sc
3、hool is about_20_kilometres_distant.2conflict(1)n.C，U战争，战斗，冲突；争论，抵触，论战There is a conflict between the two cultures.这两种文化之间存在着冲突。come into conflict with与冲突，与矛盾in conflict with 与冲突，与矛盾My daughter is in conflict with me over her career.我女儿在择业问题上与我有分歧。(2)vi.冲突；抵触conflict with与冲突，与战斗These results conflic
4、t with the earlier findings.这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。(1)你的陈述与剩下的证据相冲突。Your statement is in_conflict_with the rest of the evidence.(2)为了避免这样的冲突，我们应该善待彼此，这是享有和谐生活的必要条件。To_avoid_such_conflicts,_we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.3anchor(1)n.锚at anchor(船)抛锚，停泊着cast/d
5、rop anchor 下锚，抛锚；过安定生活The ship cast/dropped anchor for the night.船抛锚过夜。The ship lay at anchor two miles off the coast.轮船在离海岸两海里处停泊了。(2)vi. & vt.抛锚；紧固；(使)紧紧扣牢The tiger anchored fast to its prey.这只老虎紧紧地抓住猎物不放。(1)We cast/dropped_anchor (抛锚) a few yards offshore.(2)The panel was_firmly_anchored (被紧紧地固定)
6、 by two large bolts.4restriction n限制；约束Im sorry to tell you that you have broken the speed restriction.很遗憾您超过了速度限制。The government has agreed to lift restrictions on import.政府已经同意撤销对进口的限制。place a restriction on sth.对某事实行限制restrict vt. 限制，约束restricted adj. 受限制的，受约束的That country has placed restrictions
7、 on press freedom.该国对新闻自由实行了限制。(1)The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighbouring districts has to be restricted.(2)We must place restrictions on private companies.1date back (to .)追溯到；远在年代The college dates back to the Middle Ages.这所学校可追溯到中世纪。追溯到out of date 过时up to date 最新The custom dates fr
8、om hundreds of years.这一习俗流传了几百年。In our village, there is a tower dating_from/dating_back_to (追溯到) several centuries.2set up(1)资助；(使)开始(从事某种职业)Johns parents set him up as a carpenter.约翰的父母使他从事木工职业。(2)建立、创立、成立(相当于found, establish)They will set up a new training center.他们要成立一个新的培训中心。(3)树立(榜样)They set u
9、p an example to us.他们为我们树立了榜样。(4)set oneself up as sb.自认为，自称He likes to set himself up as an intellectual.他喜欢自命为知识分子。由set构成的常见短语：set aside留出set about (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事set off 引起；导致发生；引起爆炸set out 着手做(to do sth.)； 出发；陈述；阐明set .free 释放set fire to 放火烧set sail 起航Careless smoking may set off fires.粗心吸烟
10、会引发火灾。(1)Its ten years since the scientist set_out on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical.(2)They set_up a notice on the wall.(3)He sets_aside one hour to learn English every day.3come across偶然遇见；被理解；使产生印象I came across children sleeping under bridge.我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。He spoke for a long t
11、ime but his meaning did not really come across. 他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没有人真正理解。偶遇come out 出现，出版，说出come up 长出地面，被提及come on 出场；加油Many questions came up at the meeting.会上提出了许多问题。(1)Could you tell me when the new edition is coming_out?(2)Come_on,_you can do it.(3)I came_across an old photo in her desk.(4)I want t
12、o know why my name didnt come_up at the meeting.4appeal to(1)向呼吁/请求appeal to sb. for sth.为某事而向某人呼吁appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事， 恳求某人做某事We appeal to the government to take measures to prevent the river from being polluted.我们呼吁政府采取措施阻止这条河流受到污染。(2)投合的心意；引起的兴趣Sport has become an important form of en
13、tertainment, appealing to both men and women.体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you?你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作？(3)上诉；诉诸appeal to arms/force诉诸武力appeal to the law 诉诸法律appeal to another court 向另一法院上诉The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court
14、 to have a definitive answer.被害者的家属已经请求最高法院对这次谋杀案作出确切的答复。(1)appeal n呼吁；恳求make an appeal to sb. 向某人提出呼吁lose ones appeal for 失去对的吸引力(2)appealing adj. 有吸引力的；有感染力的These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.对多数学生来说，这些学科已经失去了吸引力。(1)政府正呼吁每个人节约用水。The government is_appealing_to_everyone to save
15、water.(2)小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。Bright colours appeal_to_small_children.1Collecting_“exotic”_plants,_as_they_are_called,_dates back to the earliest times.收集所谓“异国”植物要追溯到很久以前。(1)Collecting “exotic” plants是动名词短语作主语。动名词作主语往往表示一般抽象的行为，用于泛指。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数。Working with you is a pleasure.和你一起工作是一种乐趣。Toms not having f
16、inished his homework made his teacher angry.汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气。动名词作主语时，若表语为no use, no good, useless, a waste of time等，常用it作形式主语，而将动名词后置。句子结构为：It is no use/good/useless/a waste of time doing sth.“做某事没有用处/没有好处/浪费时间”。Its no use crying over spilt milk.后悔无益。Its no good complaining.抱怨是没用的。Its no use crying.哭是
17、没有用的。(2)as they are called是as引导的一个定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句时有“正如”之意，可放在主句之前、之后或主句之中。Taiwan, as you know, is part of China.如你所知，台湾是中国的一部分。As you say, he is a friend of ours.正如你所说的，他是我们的朋友。(1)It is no use your_complaining (你抱怨); they wont do anything about it.(2)There was a cyber cafe around here, as_I_rememb
18、er (我记得)2However, it_was_not_until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world .然而，直到十八和十九世纪，对植物世界的探索才“It was not until .that .”是强调句型。强调句可以强调主语、表语、状语。强调人时，that可换成who或whom，其余一律用that。(1)强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。I wonder
19、 if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。It was your dad who answered all those letters every year.是你爸爸每年回复这些信件的。(2)强调句型的疑问句式强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分”。
20、Is it your brother who works in that company?是你哥哥在那家公司工作吗？The patient looks much better. What is it that has made him what he is today?那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？(3)含有“not . until”的强调句型如果原句中含有“not .until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。构成为：It was not until . that .。It was not until she took off her dark
21、 glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。注意(1)强调句型的判别方法是：去掉It is/was和that/who后句子仍然完整。否则，不是强调句型。It is there that accidents often happen.Accidents often happen there.(2)被强调的是时间或地点状语时，不要用when或where而应用that。Was it in 1939 that the World War broke out?二战是在1939年爆发的吗？(不能用w
22、hen)(3)强调句型和状语从句的区别。试比较：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天午夜我回到了家里。(强调句)It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday.当我昨天回到家里时，已经是午夜了。/昨天我还没到家就到了午夜了。(状语从句)(1)It was along the Mississippi Riverthat Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. (where, that, which)(2)Where was it_
23、that we met the first time? (that, who, which)3Cook called the bay where the Endeavour had anchored Botany bay.库克把“奋进号”船的抛锚地称为“植物湾”。where the Endeavour had anchored 是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the bay。先行词是表示地点的名词(country, school, room .)，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语时，一般用where引导定语从句。The house where he used to live h
24、as now been turned into a museum.他过去居住的房子现在已经成了博物馆。This is the school where I joined the Party.这就是我在那儿入党的那所学校。where引导的定语从句与where引导的状语从句(1)引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，其前面有一个表示地点或场所的名词；where代替该地点或场所名词(即先行词)在定语从句中作地点状语。Can you find a situation where this word can be used?你能找出一个可以使用这个单词的情景吗？I will go to Qingdao
25、next week, where my son is studying.下周我将去青岛，我儿子在那里学习。(2)引导地点状语从句时，where是从属连词，所引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。I found my books where I had left them.我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。(3)有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方就有生命。(1)Is that the small town you oft
26、en refer to?Right, just the one where you know I used to worked for years.(定语从句)(2)Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.(状语从句)4Not_only_did_Fortune_introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but_he_also_shipped 20,000 tea plants from Shanghai to India, .Fortune不但把120多种植物引进
27、到了西方的花园里，他也用船把20 000种茶树从上海运到了印度，not only . but also .结构表示“不但而且”；其中的also有时可以省略。(1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者。Yet through his painstaking efforts, he changed not only his own fate but also the history of America. 然而通过艰苦努力，他不仅改变了自己的命运，还改变了美国历史。(2)可连接两个并列的句子；若not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。Most of the me
28、als can serve two people and are under $10, so not only is it affordable but practical as well.大部分饭菜花不了10美元就够两个人享用，因此它不仅实惠而且实用。(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。 Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。注意not only只能放在一起；but also既可以连用，也可以分开；also可以省略。(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Not only does (do) he speak Eng
29、lish correctly, but he also speaks it fluently.Not only the students but also their teacher likes (like) playing football.(2)一句多译这个机会不仅让你高兴，还会满足你对中国戏剧的兴趣。Not_only_will_this opportunity make_you_happy,_but_also_satisfy_your_interest in Chinese operas.This opportunity will_not_only_make_you_happy,_but
30、_also_satisfy_your_interest in Chinese operas. .单词拼写1The foreign visitors came from a distant (遥远的) country.2The two stories conflicted(冲突), so I did not know which to believe.3The restrictions (限制条件) on the use of the playground are: no fighting, no damaging property.4He is fluent(流利的) in five lang
31、uages.5The school authorities are appealing (呼吁) to every student to pay attention to his own security.6After sweeping the courtyard (院子), we might as well clean the rooms.7Bill has shaved his beard off.8I couldnt open the jar because the lid was too tight.9A flower pot dropped from his balcony (阳台)
32、10The water rushed off the roof in the thunderstorm (雷雨).选词填空set up， date back to， quantities of， come across， adapt to， take interest in， appeal to1When he moved to Canada, the children adapted_to the change very well.2The town dates_back_to Roman times.3They set_up a memorial in honour of the hero
33、.4Does the exotic music appeal_to_ you?5Quantities_of clothes and food were provided for the earthquake areas last week.6I came_across some old photos in the balcony.7He takes_interest_in learning French.完成句子1他从没遇到过像希拉这样的人。He had never come_across a person quite like Sheila.2警方呼吁公众保持镇静。The police ma
34、de an appeal_to the public to remain calm.3他们对于战争起因的报道与我们的相反。Their accounts of the causes of the war conflicted_with/were_in_conflict_with ours.4我看到远处有艘轮船。I saw a ship in_the_distance.5大卫说，正是由于他对文字的浓厚兴趣才使得他选了这门课程。David said that it_was because of his strong interest in literature that he chose the c
35、ourse.句型转换1I would keep away from that dog, if I were you.I would keep_myself_at_a_distance from that dog, if I were you.2He is interested in music and cooking.He takes_interest_in music and cooking.3My interests conflict with yours.My interests are in_conflict_with yours.4Arguing with Bill is no us
36、e, because he will never change his mind.It_is_no_use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.5Regular radio broadcasts didnt begin until 1920.It_was_not_until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.阅读理解ABotany, the study of plants, occupies a special position in the history of hum
37、an knowledge.For many thousands of years it was a field about which humans had a great deal to learn.It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their p
38、roperties must be extremely ancient.This is logical.Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants.They have always been important to the benefit of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many ot
39、her purposes.Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther
40、away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less definite our knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, and apple, or an orchid.When our ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted fo
41、r richer harvests the next season, the first great step in a new association (联系) of plants and humans was taken.Grains were discovered and from them flowed the wonder of agriculture: cultivated crops.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few p
42、lants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated (积累) knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close contact with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.1Which of the following statements is TRUE?AEarly humans kn
43、ew nothing about plants.BEarly humans probably had extensive knowledge of plants.CEarly humans had little knowledge of plants.DEarly humans did not enjoy the study of botany.解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段第三句的前半部分可知B项正确。2In Paragraph 1 the underlined word “properties” refers to_.Athe belongings of early humansBthe
44、wealth of ancient peopleCthe characteristics or qualities of plantsDBoth B and C 解析：选C词义猜测题。全文出现property的地方有两处，除了第一段之外，在第二段倒数第二句话还能找到。观察其搭配，可发现这个词两处都与plant联用，可猜出其意思与人类无关，故选C项。3Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon_.Adont know anything about plantsBrecognize botany as a branch of scienceCfi
45、rst give the name of botanyDare experts of plants解析：选D细节理解题。从第二段看出，亚马孙丛林中的部落人能认识数百种植物，并熟悉它们的属性。他们不知道什么叫“植物学”，这些知识只是想当然的事，甚至不纳入“知识”范畴。故选D项。4According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture?AThe invention of agricultural implements and machinery.BThe developme
46、nt of a system of names for plants.CThe discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted.DThe changing diets of early humans.解析：选C细节理解题。从最后一段第一句中可以得出答案。BThe Japanese like parties.From ancient times, a party becomes enlivened (活泼) when someone starts singing and others keep applauding.Havin
47、g such a custom, the Japanese can easily sing in front of others without feeling embarrassed.This seems to be one of the reasons that karaoke has been largely accepted in Japanese society.It is now widely recognized that the use of karaoke started at a snack bar in Kobe City, one of the three bigges
48、t cities in Japan.It is said that when a guitarist could not come to perform at the bar due to illness, the owner of the bar prepared tapes of accompaniment recordings, and people enjoyed singing to the tapes.It was at that time that karaoke appeared.Holding a microphone and singing a song to the ac
49、companiment of an “orchestra (管弦乐队)”， you can feel like a professional singer.For soldiers living in a stressful society, there is no other entertainment activity that can make them feel so refreshed.It is a typical way to relax for Japanese businessmen.They use it to take away their stress after wo
50、rk.However, there is an obstacle to this: since most Japanese houses are still made of wood, it would be very annoying to the neighbors to sing into a microphone at night.Seizing upon the opportunity, businessmen created the karaoke box, a roadside facility containing karaoke equipment.Karaoke boxes
51、 are soundproofed rooms, closed with a door, placed on roadsides where people can sing.The first “Karaoke box” was placed in a rice camp in the countryside in 1984.It was built from a converted freight car (改装的货运车)Now, the karaoke boom has even spread abroad and it has also been attracting the atten
52、tion of the countries trying to improve their literacy rate (识字率) as a good educational tool.5According to the text, we can learn that karaoke _.Aoriginated from the biggest city of JapanBoriginated in the form of singing to tapesCcan help you achieve the level of professional singersDfirst appeared
53、 in the army to relieve stress for soldiers解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段可知卡拉OK起源于日本三个大城市之一，Kobe的一间小零食店，这家小店因为吉他手生病不能演奏，店主就录制了吉他手的乐曲，歌手唱歌时播放录制的音乐，因此可知A项错误，B项正确。根据第三段“feel like a professional singer”可知卡拉OK让你的歌声听起来像专业歌手的歌声，并不能让你真正达到专业歌手水平，故排除C。文章第三段提到卡拉OK是士兵缓解压力的不二方式，但卡拉OK并非诞生于军营，故排除D。6The underlined word “soundpro
54、ofed” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “_”Arecording sounds repeatedlyBreceiving sound signalsCmaking sound more clearDstopping sound from being heard outside解析：选D词义猜测题。根据画线单词前后语境可知由于日本的房子大都是木房子，隔音效果差，因此唱歌时会影响周围居民的生活，商人抓住这一商机发明了包厢，这是一种关闭门窗，置于路边的隔音效果较好的房子。因此根据语境可以推断soundproofed意思是“隔音的”，故D项符合题意。7Wha
55、t can be inferred from the text?AKaraoke was started in a bar during a party.BA guitarist was the originator who brought the karaoke into being.CKaraoke was very common as a form of entertainment at home when it was born.DKaraoke is used as a way of education in some countries.解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一
56、句中的“attracting the attention of the countries trying to improve their literacy rate (识字率) as a good educational tool”可知D项正确。卡拉OK起源于一家小零食店，由于吉他手生病，店主想出了用录制音乐伴奏的法子，故推断A和B均错误。根据最后一段可知由于噪音大影响邻居，因此卡拉OK的发展受到限制，故推断C项错误。8What is the text mainly about?AWhat karaoke boxes are like.BHow karaoke boxes were created.CThe origins and development of karaoke.DKaraoke becomes a popular form of entertainment.解析：选C主旨大意题。本文介绍了卡拉OK的起源和发展，故选C。
