1、2021年高考英语提分策略之语篇分析微技能微技能33 概要写作之提炼主题词句利用四步法对文章进行精准概要：读懂原文，明确篇章结构；去次留精，提炼关键信息；归纳要点，合理转换表达；句式多样，注意过渡衔接。好题精练实践提能阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。(2018浙江高考 11 月卷)Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the
2、 sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园)like visiting_and_seeing_for_yourself_the_dorms,_classrooms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_of_course,_the_students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses,and it can also be pricey if
3、 the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life,and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fac
4、t,a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus,and obviously,if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility,but if you live nearby,go to check it out！If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between
5、 applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend.It_can_save_you_a_lot_of_heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses,things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.Now,if time and money are making it impossible,the
6、n check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers,students,and college counselors(顾问),and it wont cost you a penny!You can register for its online college fair at .While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an actual campus
7、 visit,it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend._概要思路第 1 步 读懂原文，明确篇章结构原文是说明文，为确保精彩的大学生活，在申请大学前应抽时间提前了解大学。第 1 段：提出观点在你上大学之前，要亲眼看看想申请的大学。第 2 段：一定要去看看当地的大学。第 3 段：如在申请之前没去过，在申请之后或
8、得到录取通知书之前，一定要去大学看看。第 4 段：如果无法亲自参观，登录网站了解相关信息。分析各段主旨可判断，文章第 12 段是一个意义段，34 段分别是 2 个意义段，故原文 3 个意义段可归纳为 3 个要点。第 2 步 去次留精，提炼关键信息本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键信息，其他则为次要信息。第 3 步 归纳要点，合理转换表达采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：第一段主题句和第二段主题句可概括为要点 1：该要点中的“good idea”可用 wise choice 转述；“in your local area”可转换为 where
9、you live。第三段主题句可概括为要点 2:该要点中的“visiting and seeing for yourself”可转换为 pay a personal visit。第四段主题句可概括为要点 3：该要点中的“time and money are making it impossible”可转换为 all the above is not affordable。第 4 步 句式多样，注意过渡衔接句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词和状语从句，丰富概要部分的句式。范文As a senior year student,its a wise choice to visit would-be col
10、leges near where you live before attending them for seeing is believing.(要点 1)You should find a chance to pay a personal visit even at your waiting in case you feel disappointed afterwards.(要点 2)If all the above is not affordable,you are advised to search the online college fair at CollegeWeekLive w
11、here you can get the necessary information.(要点 3)技法掌握写高分文备考有法 才稳拿高分 争夺写作满分4 步法精准概要第 1 步 读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。提醒 一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。第 2 步 去次留精，提炼关键信息明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键
12、词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。例如：Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And whil
13、e youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.(画线部分为主题句)本段落主要内容为吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Record the time and set dinner time for half an hour as eating slowly helps take in less
14、 calories.第 3 步 归纳要点 合理转换表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。转换表达注意遵循 2 个原则不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。例如：Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you de
15、sign your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.(画线句为主题句)主题句关键词如画线所示：The_way you design your home may have an effect on your figure.H
16、ere are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.转换表达时可利用同义替换将 ways 改为 tips;The way you design your home改为How to have your home designed。主题句转换为How to have your home designed affects your figure.Below are tips to design your home to help diet.第 4 步 句式多样 注意过渡衔接在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多
17、样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。好题精练实践提能做好题 才能笑傲高考阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。These days,football is one of the most popular sports in the world.Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon,we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of thi
18、s world!The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China.It was then known as cuju(kick ball),a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside.Goals were hung in the air.Football as we know it today started in Great Britain,where the game was given new rules.That footba
19、ll is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.It is also a game that is very cheap to play.You dont need expensive equipment;even the ball doesnt have to cost much money.All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts content with a ball made of plastic bags;jus
20、t like Pele did when he was a boy.Another factor behind footballs global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field.It is fun enough to attract millions of people.You do not have to be a fan to recognize the skill of professional playershow they use their bodies to pass,score and defen
21、d can be amazing to seeor to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.Whats more,football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate:it does not require words,but everyone understands it.It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.Take,for
22、example,the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914.World War had broken out months before,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football togetherone moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death,.”said Bi
23、ll Shankly,the famous footballer and manager.“I can assure you it is much,much more important than that.”This might sound funny,but one only has to think about the Earth to realize that our planet is shaped like a football._概要思路,原文说明足球是全球最受欢迎的运动，并介绍了足球受欢迎的三个原因，最后总结足球不只是一项运动。在概要写作时，可以利用firstly，beside
24、s 等过渡衔接词汇衔接使足球受欢迎的几个原因。范文 Football is a globally popular game and has a long history that dates back more than 2,000 years to ancient China where cuju was played.The reasons for its popularity are as follows.Firstly，it is easy and affordable to play.Besides，it is a game played with creativity and making the audience excited.Finally，as a way of communicating,it breaks down barriers and removes conflicts.In conclusion，football is much more than just a sport.
