1、It is important to know how to give first aid， particularly in lifethreatening (威胁生命的) situations. Examples of these are choking， excessive (过多的) bleeding， drowning， poisoning and the stopping of ones breath or heartbeat. First aid is what aperson can do to a wounded or sick person， or on any immedi
2、ate situation that involves (涉及) lifethreatening matters， before the doctor arrives.The aims of first aid are： to keep the person alive. This countsfor lifethreatening and immediate situations； to stabilize (稳定)the condition of the person， and lastly， to relieve (减轻) any pain， discomfort and most im
3、portantly， anxiety. Ideally (理想地)， a first aider is someone who has attended classeson emergency care and has undergone first aid training. But not all of us have the opportunity to receive such training because of our individual (个人的) work and activities.Almost all of us will have to administer (实施
4、) emergency assistance at some point. And if so， we would have to use a first aid kit (急救箱). This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply， because an emergency knocks onthe most unexpected time.Section_ Warming Up & Reading PrereadingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is
5、an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the suns harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex： it keeps you warm or cool； it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where yo
6、u feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids， steam, fire, radiation (by
7、 being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.first aideId(对伤患者的)急救skinskInn皮；皮肤essential Isenladj.最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的organnn器官layer leIn层；层次act as充当；担任barrierbrIn屏障；障碍(物)poisonpIznn毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒rayreIn光线；射线function n功能；功效complexkmpleksadj.复杂的keeps you warm or cool为“keep宾语宾
8、补”结构。prevent . (from) doing .阻止做where you feel cold, heat or pain为表语从句。sense of touch触觉treatment n. C，U治疗；处理；对待varietyvraItIn变化；多样(化)；多变(性)a variety of各种各样的liquidlIkwIdn液体radiationreIdIeInn辐射；射线烧伤的急救第12段译文皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体最大的器官。皮肤有三层，像是三层屏障，可以防病、防毒和抵御有害太阳光线的侵害。皮肤的功能也很复杂：皮肤可以保暖或保持凉爽，阻止体内的水分大量流失。正是皮肤使
9、你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。烧伤的原因你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电或化学物品。Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.First degree burnsThese affe
10、ct only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan， stove or iron for a moment.burn(s)此处为名词，意为“烧伤”。现在分词短语depending on .作方式状语，其中which layers of the skin are burned是on的宾语。within
11、 a day or two在一两天之内mildmaIldadj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的mild sunburn轻度的晒伤panpnn平底锅；盘子stovestvn炉子；火炉第34段译文烧伤的种类烧伤有三类。根据皮肤的第几层被烧伤定义为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。一度烧伤这种烧伤只损伤皮肤的表层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、炉子或熨斗而导致的烫伤。Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are seriou
12、s and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.Third degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns
13、 cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burnsdry, red and mildly swollenmildly painfulturn white when pressedSecond degree burnsrough， red and swollenblisterswatery surfaceextremely painfulThird degree burnsblack and white and charr
14、edswollen; often tissue under them can be seenlittle or no pain if nerves are damaged； may be pain around edge of injured area.heal hilvi.&vt.(使)康复；(使)化解take a few weeks to heal需要几周康复/痊愈severe adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的severe sunburn严重的晒伤过去分词短语caused by hot liquids作后置定语，修饰burns。tissuetIun(生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸electri
15、c shock触电；电休克swollenswlnadj.肿胀的swellswelvi.&vt. (swelled, swollen/swelled)(使)膨胀；隆起mildlymaIldlIadv.轻微地；温和地mildly用作程度状语，相当于slightly。turn linkv使成为；转变成when pressed是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句。该句补全为：when they are pressed。rough adj.粗糙的blister blIstn水泡 vi.&vt.(使)起泡watery wtrIadj.(似)水的char tvi.烧焦nerve nvn神经；胆量damage
16、 vt.损坏；损伤第57段译文二度烧伤这种烧伤既损伤了皮肤的表层，又损伤了皮肤的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需要几周才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。三度烧伤所有三层皮肤以及皮下组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。这些烧伤都导致严重损伤，受伤者必须立即被送往医院。烧伤的特征一度烧伤干燥、发红、微肿微痛受压时变白二度烧伤粗糙、发红、肿胀起水泡表面有水极其疼痛三度烧伤黑、白和焦炭色相间肿胀，常可看到皮下组织若损坏了神经，则很少疼痛或没有疼痛，或者在创伤面四周有疼痛感First aid treatment1Remove c
17、lothing using scissorsif necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents t
18、he pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.scissorssIzzn(pl.)剪刀if necessary为省略形式，其完整句式为if it is necessary。stick to粘在上；坚持take off拿掉；取掉jewellery n. U珠宝(总称)cool在此处为及物动词，意为“使凉下来”。icy adj.冰的；冰冷的it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to place burns .为真正的主语。unbearablenberbladj.难
19、以忍受的；不能容忍的第89段译文急救处理1除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。脱去烧伤附近的其他衣物和首饰。2马上用凉水给伤口降温，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼，还可以消除肿胀。)三度烧伤不可以用冷水冲洗。3For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putti
20、ng them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5Cover the burned area with a dry, c
21、lean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim
22、should sit up.7If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.put back放回basinbeIsnn盆；盆地，a basin of .一盆squeezeskwizvt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨squeeze out榨出；挤出over and over again反复；多次wound n创伤；伤口；伤害 vt.使受伤；伤害infect vt.传染；感染bandagebndIdn绷带in place在适当
23、的位置；适当tape n胶带ointment Intmntn药膏；油膏infection Infeknn传染；传染病；感染if possible为条件状语从句的省略。该句补全为：if it is possible。sit up坐直；(使)坐起vitalvaItladj.至关重要的；生死攸关的It is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的第1014段译文3对于一度烧伤，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后，再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。4轻轻地把烧伤面弄干。但不要擦拭
24、，因为这样会擦破水泡，使伤口感染。5用干燥、清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面。在适当位置用胶布把绷带固定住。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或油膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。6如果烧伤部位在臂部或腿部，要把手臂或腿部尽可能抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。7如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1Temporary Abe unable to breathe2Choke Bfor a short time3Co
25、mplex Cbecome greater in volume, thickness or force4swell Dcomplicated; not simple5squeeze Ecause to flow in a continuous stream6pour Fpress something hard7aid Gnecessary or essential in order for sth. to succeed or exist8Variety Hfood, etc.that is sent to help those in a difficult situation9Vital I
26、several different sorts of the same thing10injury Jhurt, damage, harm15_610_答案：15BADCF610EHIGJLeadinLook at the pictures and answer the following question.Nowadays there are a lot of unexpected accidents. What would you do in such situations？(list at least two methods)() 1.Check_to_see_if_he_is_brea
27、thing.2Try_to_start_his_breathing.()1.Call_for_a_doctor_or_an_ambulance.2Lift_the_car_safely_and_take_him_or_her_to_hospital_at_once.()1.Call_119_first_and_tell_them_the_exact_address_on_the_phone.2Call_120_to_ask_for_an_ambulance_if_someone_is_badly_burnt.WhilereadingFastreading1Whats the main idea
28、 of the text?The_main_idea_of_the_text_is_the_burns_and_the_first_aid_treatment.2Why doesnt a third degree burn hurt?Because_in_a_third_degree_burn_the_nerves_are_damaged.If_there_are_no_nerves,_there_is_no_pain.3The text is divided into five parts.In which order are these topics covered？Number them
29、 from 1 to 5._3_ the three types of burns_5_ what to do if someone gets burned_1_ the functions of the skin_4_ the symptoms of burns_2_ how we get burnedCarefulreadingRead the text and choose the best answers.1The largest organ of your body is the _.AbrainBmouthCstomach Dskin2Which of the following
30、is NOT the function of the skin according to the text?AIt protects you against disease, poisons and the suns harmful rays.BIt helps the heart beat.CIt can keep you warm or cool.DIt prevents your body from losing water and gives the sense of touch.3Which of the following first aid treatments is RIGHT
31、 according to the text?ATake clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn.BDo not put cold water on second degree burns.CIf burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.DIf the injuries are second degree burns, it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at o
32、nce.4If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred (烧焦的；烧黑的), it belongs to _.Athe first degree Bthe second degreeCthe third degree Dnone of the above答案：14DBCCStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Often the illness or injury is not serious, but the
33、re are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.句式分析尝试翻译通常情况下这种疾病或损伤不是很严重，但也有一些时候迅速实施急救能挽救生命。2So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.尝试翻译因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。3Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.句式分析尝试翻译除非
34、衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。.阅读理解AFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life. In many emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must
35、 be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make a difference.Firstaid measures depend upon the victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly
36、 moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪)Despite the variety of injuries, several principles of first aid can apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be re
37、assured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking people around or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as
38、diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether lif
39、ethreatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known as the acronym (首字母缩略词) ABC, which stands for：AAirway: Is it open and clear?BBreathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.CCirculation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally
40、? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.语篇解读：本文主要讲的是急救的重要性以及如何实施急救。1.First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT _.Asaving a victims lifeBpreventing a victims condition from getting worseCrelieving a victim from painDhelping a person avoid
41、 sudden illness or injury解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It may save . provide relief from pain.”可知A、B、C三项的内容均为急救的作用。再根据对急救的描述可知，急救不能避免突发的疾病或伤害。2Before we offer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us to _.Amake sure what to do and what not to doBrefer to all kinds of handbooks on first aidCremove the
42、 medical card he/she may takeDtake him/her to a hospital at once解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Knowing what not to do . knowing what to do.”可知A项正确。3When giving first aid to a victim, you should first of all _.Aremove him/her from the accident sceneBturn him/her overCcall for professional medical helpDexamine hi
43、m/her carefully解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句话“The first step is to call for professional medical help.”可知，首先是寻找专业的医疗帮助，故选C。4You may assess a victims condition by all the following EXCEPT _.Achecking whether there is a pulseBlooking, listening and feeling for breathingCmeasuring his/her blood pressureDexamini
44、ng whether the airway is open and clear解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知A、B、D三项均表述正确，而C项没有提及，故应选C。BPreparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place. This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid, as well
45、as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency access.VeterinaryP has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your knowledge of the dogs and cats first aid. However, we encourage you to buy the book to keep in yo
46、ur home or car as a quick reference during an emergency.This book is an emergency preparedness ready reference for dogs and cats. Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead
47、to effective health care.A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations.It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations. The authors encourage careful re
48、ading and occasional rereading. We have tried to make this book easy to understand, avoiding technical terms as often as possible, but defining them in context when they are necessary.语篇解读：如果你的宠物狗或猫生病了或需要实施急救怎么办？本文将给你推荐一本既可以在网上浏览也可以购买的参考书。5Whats the purpose of this passage?ATo introduce a book, a re
49、ference about first aid for dogs and cats.BTo introduce a website.CTo introduce a working knowledge.DTo encourage careful reading.解析：选A推理判断题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们介绍了一本(可以在网上浏览，也可以购买的)关于宠物狗、宠物猫疾病诊断及急救的参考书。6Why are we advised to buy the book?ABecause its very cheap.BBecause it contains a working knowledge of
50、 information about dogs and cats.CBecause it contains information on specific emergency situations.DBecause you can keep it at hand and find knowledge of the dogs or cats first aid in case of an emergency.解析：选D细节理解题。由第二段可知，如果买下这本书放在家里或者车里，就可以在狗或猫遇到紧急情况的时候，在书中查阅到有关知识，以便实施急救。7Which is NOT true about t
51、he book?AIt can enlarge the readers knowledge of the dogs and cats first aid.BIt contains the knowledge of recognition of abnormal symptoms of dogs and cats.CAlthough it contains a lot of technical terms, it is easy to understand.DYou can read it on VeterinaryP.解析：选C细节理解题。由最后一段可知，该书通俗易懂，因为它尽可能地避免了使用
52、专业术语(technical terms)，由此判断C项错误。8What does the underlined word “veterinary” mean in Paragraph 1?A应急的B兽医的C紧急的 D资助的解析：选B词义猜测题。由前文的“transport your pet .(将你的宠物送到)”可知动物病了，肯定是送到宠物医院，所以该单词的意思是“兽医的”。CBethany Simpson, a pupil at St Columb Major Academy, Cornwall, bravely stepped in when her stepfather Robert
53、Hoskins stopped breathing on March 15. She delivered CPR (心肺复苏术) before the ambulance arrived.Bethanys mother Jane and Robert were watching TV in bed when both of them had fallen asleep, but Jane woke up and noticed Roberts breathing had become weak and hard. Jane quickly called 999 and followed the
54、 operators advice, including moving him onto his side to make him more comfortable. But when Robert stopped breathing completely and the operator told her to give CPR, Jane completely froze.“I panicked (恐慌) and said I cant do it，” said Jane. “Fortunately, Bethany heard me scream, came into the bedro
55、om and said Its OK, Mum. I know what to do. She was so confident and took charge.” Bethany performed CPR that kept Robert alive.Robert, who is now recovering at home, said, “I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid. If it wasnt for them and Bethany,
56、I wouldnt be here.” The tenyearold says she doesnt believe she is a hero. “Im just glad my dad is still here，” she added.Both Robert and Jane believe the government should ask all schools to teach first aid. “This incident just shows why its important to teach everyone first aid especially in school
57、s，” said Jane.“Without my daughter and the training St John Ambulance gave her, Robert would be dead and I would be heartbroken. Im so proud of Bethany and so grateful.”语篇解读：一位10岁的小女孩在继父心脏病发作时，给他实施心肺复苏术，使继父得救。9When the operator told Jane to give CPR, she _.Afollowed the adviceBcalled an ambulanceCdi
58、dnt know what to doDasked her daughter for help解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段“I panicked (恐慌) and said I cant do it，” said Jane.可知，简不知道如何实施心脏复苏术。10We can infer from the text that Bethany _.Ahad trouble performing CPRBhadnt learned CPR before the incidentCwas taught how to perform CPR by phoneDhad some knowledge of
59、 CPR before the incident解析：选D推理判断题。由第三段最后两句和第四段“I would just like to sincerely thank St John Ambulance for teaching the children first aid”以及最后一段倒数第二句可推知，Bethany在继父的事发生之前接受过CPR的培训。11What did Jane learn from the incident?AIts easy for one to master first aid.BFirst aid is especially useful to kids.CE
60、veryone should be equipped with firstaid knowledge.DChildren should be taught first aid as early as possible.解析：选C细节理解题。分析最后一段可知，简从这个事件中体会到急救知识的重要性，并强调所有学校都应该教给孩子这项技能。.阅读七选五When Danny Wallace, 26, got bored, he sent off an ad reading simply: “Join Me. Send a passport photo！” A year and a half later,
61、 his east London flat is the headquarters (总部) for a global Internetbased club whose members do an act of kindness for strangers every Friday._1_ If you see someone struggling with something, part of your brain goes: “I want to help.” But the trained part of the brain says: “They will think you are
62、mad or going to mug (抢劫) them，” so you walk away._2_ For example, Im usually out on a Friday so I go for one of the standard acts the unexpected cup of coffee. You might be sitting in a cafe and see an old man in the corner drinking coffee or tea. Then you walk up with another cup of whatever he is
63、drinking, and say: “Ive bought you a coffee，” and walk away. _3_ There can be some suspicion (猜疑), but I think that was mostly in the early days when I didnt know how to do it properly. I would walk up quite nervously like I was doing something wrong and I didnt know when to leave. Later I discovere
64、d that you have to walk up with confidence and humor and not “get in their faces”. _4_ Its hitandrun kindness. And there is no point in doing it halfheartedly. _5_AYou say: “This is for you”， then you go.BYouve got to do it because you really mean it.CIt now has about 3,000 members around the world.
65、DIts a pleasure to see the look of surprise on his face.EJoin Me is about giving you an excuse to do something.FThis is why Danny Wallace usually goes out on Fridays.GIts not common for people in London to talk to strangers.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Join Me俱乐部的创建及其运行方式。1选G根据第二段描述人们面对陌生人的心理活动可知，在伦敦，跟陌生人说话并不普遍。2选E根据上文人们不善于与陌生人说话以及下文作者介绍他如何做好事可知，此空起承上启下的作用，故选E项。3选D下文中的“some suspicion (猜疑)”和D项中的“the look of surprise”相呼应。4选A根据上文的“walk up with confidence and humor and not get in their faces”可知，作者建议人们充满自信地走到陌生人面前做好事。故选A项。5选B根据上文的“there is no point in doing it halfheartedly”可知，人们在做好事时必须清楚地知道自己在干什么。
