1、现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时的形式现在分词作状语时有时态和语态的变化，现以do为例，介绍一下其形式：主动形式被动形式时态意义语态意义一般式doingbeing done表示分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生主动形式表示构成分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系完成式having donehaving been done表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生e.g. Being talked to, you should look at the eyes of the person. Having dressed myself, I wen
2、t to the office. Having been written in haste, the essay was not worth reading. 现在分词作状语时的句法功能现在分词作状语时可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式和伴随状况，作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时也可以变为相应的状语从句。原因 ：Being tired, I stopped to have a rest. =Because I was tired, I stopped to have a rest.条件：Turning to the right, you will find a pa
3、th leading to his cottage.=If you turn to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. 让步：Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best.= Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best. 时间：Hearing the news, they immediately set o
4、ff for Shanghai.=When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. 结果：The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.=The old scientist died all of a sudden so that he left the project unfinished. 方式：Please answer the question using another way. =Please answer
5、the question and use another way. 伴随：I stood there, waiting for her. = I stood there and waited for her. 使用现在分词时的注意事项1.现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，通常要在分词前面加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的现在分词被称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构同分词一样，在句中作状语。注意：现在分词作结果状语时，分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。e.g. Turning
6、around, we saw an old woman walking towards the river. Nobody having any more to say, the deal was closed. She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. 2.现在分词作状语时，可根据需要在其前面加上一些词或短语，表示特殊含义，常用的连分词“可以视为状语从句的省略。e.g. While (he was) waiting for the bus, he met Mary.3.现在分词作状语时用一般式还是完成式要看
7、分词动作和谓语动作有没有明显的先后顺序。若分词所表示的动作与谓语动作（几乎）同时发生，或表示正在发生，用现在分词的一般式；若分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语所表示的动作之前，就要用现在分词的完成式。e.g. Arriving at the station, he found the train had left. Having written an important letter, I listened to the music for a while.4.现在分词的否定形式是not/never+现在分词。e.g. Not having tried his best, he failed in
8、 the exam.5.有少数现在分词短语并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度，这些被称为分词的独立成分。常用的独立成分有：judging from/by.从.来判断providing that.假如.supposing.假设.frankly speaking坦白地说seeing that.鉴于；既然.assuming.假如considering.考虑到generally speaking一般说来taking.into consideration考虑到 Exercise 11. Nervously _ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper t
9、o myself the two simplewords Be yourself.2. _ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, _ (say) that I had a talent for football.4.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted
10、to the ground，_ (wonder) whether to stay or leave.5.It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, _ (wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.6.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _ (use) the sun and the stars.7. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowingB. Knowing notC. Not known D. Known not 【答案】1.facing 2.Having worked 3.saying 4. wondering 5.waiting 6. using 7.A
