1、单元素养培优(二) Unit 2. 单句语法填空1. We had an argument (argue)with the waiter about the bill. 2. If youre worried about your health, share your anxieties(anxiety) with your doctor. 3. The passengers grew angry(anger) about the delay. 4. You may be physically and mentally (mental) exhausted after a long fligh
2、t. 5. It is desirable (desire) that interest rates should be reduced. 6. We meet regularly (regular) to discuss the progress of the project. 7. She was concerned (concern) that she might miss the turning and get lost. 8. Carolyne is a fashion designer (design). 9. It was my first job after graduatio
3、n (graduate). 10. He underwent a three-hour heart operation (operate). . 选词填空see eye to eye with, shoot up, calm down, from his point of view, think it through, back down, cheer. . . up, depend on, draw. . . out of. . . , go downtown1. Prices have shot up during the strike. 2. You should calm down a
4、nd think carefully. 3. He doesnt see eye to eye with you on this question. 4. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. 5. She refused to back down on a point of principle. 6. You can draw money out of a bank. 7. I think he misses her terribly. You might
5、cheer him up. 8. If you dont have a good answer to this, you need to think it through. 9. They are taught to depend on themselves from an early age. 10. Lets go downtown and pick up some fashionable clothes for you. . 完成句子1. Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle? 每次和你的父母共进晚餐
6、都会变成一场战争吗? 2. You may worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots. 你可能会担心你的声音变化、体重问题或斑点。3. You enter a strange middle groundno longer a small child but not quite an adult. 你进入了一个奇怪的中间地带不再是小孩子, 但不完全是成年人。4. You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own. 你觉得自己可以更负责任
7、, 自己做决定了。5. When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. 当你不同意父母的观点时, 花一分钟冷静下来, 试着从他们的角度去理解情况。6. The changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. 青少年时期的变化和挑战将为你成年做准备。7. Recently we have a
8、rgued with each other a great deal. 最近我们彼此争论了很多。8. Im under a lot of stress these days because my parents are always comparing me with my friends. 这些天我压力很大, 因为我的父母总是拿我和我的朋友们作比较。. 阅读理解AWhen youre a teen you start being more aware of what other people think. There seems to be a “right” thing to wear,
9、or say, or do. There also seem to be things that you shouldnt do things that could be embarrassing, or lose your points with friends. This can lead to social anxiety. Some kids feel so anxious that they develop something called social anxiety disorder (障碍), which is diagnosed (诊断) when you worry so
10、much about how you appear to others that you stop doing things you need to and want to do for fear of embarrassing yourself. Kids with social anxiety disorder arent just nervous when theyre at parties or giving a speech in class. Even small interactions (互动), like answering a question in class or ea
11、ting with friends in the cafeteria can feel extremely scary to kids with social anxiety disorder. Thats because they fear they might accidentally do something embarrassing or offensive, and it will make others judge or even reject them. And while kids who are just shy will gradually warm up to new p
12、eople and situations over time, kids with social anxiety dont. Shyness might hold you back to some degree from doing things, but it wont deeply influence your ability to do your job as a teenager, which is to function in school, function in your family, and to have friends and be a part of your peer
13、-related community. But social anxiety will. Many teens experience anxiety disorders. Being brave and telling someone how you feel might seem scary, but if you can get over that obstacle, someone will want to listen. Asking for help can be hard, but it really is important. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年中普遍存
14、在的社交焦虑症的各种特征, 并对此提出了建议。1. What is the main cause of social anxiety? A. Lack of friendship. B. Ones appearance. C. School performance. D. Others judgment. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知, 当你过于担心自己在别人眼中的形象, 以至于因为害怕尴尬而停止做你需要做的、想做的事情时, 你就会患上这种疾病。所以来自他人的意见或评价是导致焦虑的主要原因, 故选D项。2. Who is most likely to be diagnose
15、d with social anxiety? A. Alice, who skips school to avoid answering questions in class. B. David, who always thinks he cant do as well as his classmates. C. Chris, who feels nervous every time he gives a speech in public. D. Jenny, who has been in low spirits since she failed the last exam. 【解析】选A。
16、推理判断题。根据第三段中的内容可知, 对于患有社交焦虑症的孩子来说, 即使是很小的互动, 比如在课堂上回答问题或与朋友在餐厅吃饭, 也会让他们感到极度恐惧, 推断出A项“不想在课堂上回答问题而逃学的Alice”最有可能被诊断为社交焦虑症。故选A项。3. Social anxiety disorder differs from shyness in that_. A. it influences people around youB. it only makes your grades sufferC. it greatly affects your normal lifeD. it is re
17、lated to your study or work【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章的倒数第二段中的内容可知, 害羞可能会在某种程度上阻碍你做事, 但它不会显著影响你的工作能力。以及最后一句“But social anxiety will. (但社交焦虑症会。)”由此可知, 社交焦虑症与害羞的不同之处在于, 它会影响正常生活, 所以C项“它极大地影响你的正常生活”正确。故选C项。4. What is the best title for the text? A. What Is Social Anxiety Disorder? B. How Social Fear Ruins Relati
18、onshipsC. Why Teens Suffer from Social AnxietyD. When Anxiety Disorders Go Unnoticed【解析】选A。标题归纳题。第一段最后一句“This can lead to social anxiety. ”表明本文主题, 并结合全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍了社交焦虑症的各种表现和特点。所以短文的最佳标题为“什么是社交焦虑症? ”。故选A项。BGirls continue to outperform boys in all subjects by the end of primary school in England, a
19、ccording to the latest key stage 2 test results published by the Department for Education. Across England, 65% of pupils in state schools achieved the governments expected standards in the three subjects, a 1% improvement on 2018. The widening of the gender gap was caused mainly by a dip in the prop
20、ortion of boys reaching the expected standard in reading, which fell from 72% in 2018 to 69%. In maths, boys and girls improved by 3% but girls remained slightly ahead at 79% to 78%. The latest Sats results are the continuation of trends seen for many years. In Britain, girls consistently outperform
21、 boys, with the exception of advanced maths-based subjects. In the most recent GCSE results girls showed improved performances, despite the introduction of more difficult exams. There were substantial regional variations in the results, with pupils in London generally doing better than in other part
22、s of England. Only 53% of boys in Dudley, in the Midlands, reached the expected standards in the three key subjects, compared with 83% of girls in the wealthy borough of Richmond-upon-Thames. Also, the gap in performance between disadvantaged pupils and their classmates remains stubbornly wide, sugg
23、esting efforts to close it have slowed or been ineffective. About 51% of children from disadvantaged backgrounds achieved the expected standards in maths, reading and writing, the same as in 2018, while the proportion of non-disadvantaged pupils hitting the standard rose to 71%. That leaves the gap
24、between the two groups little changed for the last three years, with the DfEs statisticians warning that it might widen slightly when the final figures for 2019 are published. Paul Whiteman, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said children from disadvantaged families
25、 were the victims of austerity (经济紧缩). “Successive governments have failed to invest in those who need it the most, and now we see the resulta sustained long-term gap over many years between disadvantaged pupils and pupils from more affluent families. ” In 2019, 30% of pupils at the end of key stage
26、 2 were classed as being disadvantaged. Nick Gibb, the minister for school standards, said the gap had noticeably decreased over the last eight years and that government reforms since 2010 have helped “ level the playing field”. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国教育中造成学习成绩差距的因素, 包括性别差异, 地区差异, 贫困学生和富裕家庭学生之间的差异。5.
27、 What percentage of boys achieved the governments standard in Maths in 2018? A. 64%. B. 72%. C. 75%. D. 78%. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知, 性别差异扩大的主要原因是, 达到预期阅读标准的男孩比例下降, 从2018年的72%降至69%。在数学方面, 男孩和女孩提高了3%, 但女孩仍然略占优势, 分别为79%和78%。所以在2018年男孩是75%。C项符合以上说法, 故选C项。6. What do we know about the gap in performance
28、 between disadvantaged pupils and their classmates? A. Efforts to narrow it have paid off. B. It is identified as a recent trend. C. It has widened a lot in the past three years. D. Tightened economy is held partly responsible for it. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的children from disadvantaged families were the
29、 victims of austerity可知, 来自贫困家庭的孩子们是经济紧缩的受害者。D. Tightened economy is held partly responsible for it. (紧缩的经济要对此负部分责任)符合以上说法, 故选D项。7. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Education. B. Politics. C. Culture. D. Finance. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章介绍了英国教育中造成学习成绩差距的因素, 包括性别差异, 地区差异, 贫困学生和富裕家庭学生之间
30、的差异。可推测, 这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸的教育版块。A. Education. (教育)符合以上推测, 故选A项。8. What is mainly talked about in the passage? A. Girls improved performance in all subjects. B. Gaps in academic performance found in England. C. Tests conducted by the Department for Education. D. Continuing efforts to improve the UKs educ
31、ation quality. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知, 根据英国教育部最新公布的关键段2测试结果, 到小学结束时, 英国女孩在所有科目上的成绩都超过了男孩。以及第四段的第一句, 研究结果存在很大的地区差异, 伦敦的学生总体上比英国其他地区的学生表现要好。又根据第六段第一句, 大约51%来自弱势家庭的儿童在数学、阅读和写作方面达到了预期标准, 与2018年持平。而非弱势家庭学生达到标准的比例上升至71%, 可知, 文章通过数据和调研介绍了英国教育中造成学习成绩差距的因素, 包括性别差异, 地区差异, 贫困学生和富裕家庭学生之间的差异。B. Gaps in academic
32、performance found in England. (英国教育中的学习成绩差距)符合以上说法, 故选B项。. 阅读填句Effective Communication With ParentsThis book explains how school leaders can become successful communicators with teachers and parents. The effective approaches to communicating with parents in the book are: Listen, Apologize, Solve, an
33、d Thank. 1 It can be a challenge to listen quietly when being attacked or when wrong information is being shared, but listening quietly without interruption is the most important. 2 Many people struggle with making apologizeespecially when they feel theyve done nothing wrong. But remember, we are no
34、t necessarily apologizing for our actions, but rather because of how the parent feels or what happened. For example, “Im sorry this happened” or “Im sorry you feel that way. ”Listening and apologizing are the two hardest steps to a successful meeting with a dissatisfied parent. 3However, they set th
35、e tone for the final two steps of offering a solution and thanking the parent for their time. 4More importantly, LAST helps to avoid the disadvantages of becoming defensive, and damaging your partnership with the parent. Parent-teacher conferences can be difficult when there are agendas on either si
36、de that are not known. 5 They should try to focus on where the student is academically, and what the child and parents can do to help the situation. A. These steps can feel unpleasant. B. Choose your words carefully and thoughtfully. C. After listening, I encourage teachers to apologize. D. When com
37、municating with a parent, it is important to listen quietly. E. Give parents an opportunity to say what they want the teacher to know. F. One thing teachers should know is to make sure the conference is student-centered. G. When you follow these four steps, any parent-teacher conference can be succe
38、ssful. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校如何和家长进行有效的交流。1. 【解析】选D。空前提到“和家长进行有效的交流的方法是: 倾听, 道歉, 解决和感谢”, 照应空前“LAST”的概念, 第一个步骤是Listen, 所以D项“当和父母交流时, 安静地听很重要”强调听的重要性, 放在这里是合理的。故选D项。2. 【解析】选C。空处是段首主题句。本段介绍的是“LAST”的第二个步骤: Apologize。段落的主要内容也是如何进行正确的道歉, 所以C项“听完后, 我鼓励老师道歉”切题。故选C项。3. 【解析】选A。根据空前“倾听和道歉是与不满意的父母进行有成效的会面最困难的两个步
39、骤。”可知, 这两个步骤不会让人感觉舒服, A项切题, 也启示下文“它们为最后两个步骤定下了基调”, 故选A项。4. 【解析】选G。空后“更重要的是, LAST有助于避免产生戒心, 并避免破坏你和父母的关系”是说明“LAST”这种方式的好处, 因此G项“当你遵循这四步, 任何家长会都会是成功的”切题, 与下句都是说明“LAST”这种方式的好处。故选G项。5. 【解析】选F。F项“教师需要知道的一件事是确保会议以学生为中心”与前句中的conferences和后句中的focus on既有词汇上的照应也有意义上的照应。故选F项。. 完形填空Patricia Thomas was only 17 wh
40、en she married Narayan, a Hindu Brahmin(婆罗门) boy, against the wishes of her Christian family. She was disowned by her father, and, to make things 1, her husband, Narayan turned out to be a drug addict and never 2 his family. Left with no 3, Patricia took financial help from her mother and started a
41、mobile cart at Marina Beach. She 4 two disabled persons to help her in 5 snacks, fresh juice, coffee and tea. Over the next years, her hard work6off, as she started running canteens for offices across Chennai. By then, her husbands 7 worsened. Narayan would beat her when he didnt get money from Patr
42、icia, and disappear for months. In 2002, during one such 8, he died. Two years later, her newly-married daughter also 9in a road accident along with her son-in-law. Broken-hearted, Patricia and her son 10 their first restaurant “Sandeepha”in 11 of her late daughter. Patricia loved and took care of h
43、er 12 the way she would take care of her daughter. She won a national award for woman in 2010 for her 13 life and struggles. “I started my business with14 two people. Now, there are 200 people 15 for me in my restaurants. My lifestyle has changed too. ”【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文, 文章讲述了印度妇女Patricia在遭父亲与她断绝关系, 丈夫去
44、世, 女儿女婿死于车祸的打击之后, 艰苦奋斗, 创办了自己的饭店, 终获成功的故事。1. A. worse B. simpler C. perfect D. better 【解析】选A。上文提到她父亲与她断绝关系, 下文提到她丈夫最终吸毒成瘾, 二者之间应为递进关系, 意为, 更糟糕的是。故选A。2. A. took pride inB. made use ofC. took care ofD. got rid of【解析】选C。丈夫吸毒, 无心照顾家庭。took pride in(以为荣); made use of(利用); took care of (照顾); got rid of(摆脱)
45、, 故选C。3. A. chanceB. ideaC. directionD. choice【解析】选D。句意: Patricia别无选择, 只得接受了母亲的经济援助, 在玛丽娜海滩开始了移动推车售货。chance(机会); idea(想法); direction (方向); choice(选择)。 比较选项, 只有D符合语境。4. A. introducedB. employedC. wantedD. advised【解析】选B。根据下文“I started my business with _two people”可知, 此时, 她雇了两个残疾人帮忙卖货。故选B。5. A. makingB
46、. transportingC. arrangingD. selling【解析】选D。根据下文可知, 那两个残疾人是她的帮手, 帮她卖货。故选D。6. A. tookB. paidC. brokeD. set 【解析】选B。根据下文“as she started running canteens for offices across Chennai”以及后来更大的成功, 可知, 她多年的辛劳得到了回报。故选B。7. A. behaviorB. illnessC. condition D. economy【解析】选A。根据下文“Narayan would beat her when he did
47、nt get money from Patricia”可知这里指她丈夫的行为(behavior)越来越坏。故选A。8. A. argumentB. periodC. disappearanceD. night 【解析】选C。根据空格前面的one such可知, 此处指上文提到的某个现象, 也就是她丈夫经常一失踪就是几个月。所以此处指在某次这样的失踪(disappearance)期间, 她丈夫死了。故选C。9. A. escapedB. injuredC. disabledD. died【解析】选D。上文刚提到她丈夫死了, 空前also表示女儿和女婿也死了。故选D。10. A. startedB
48、. soldC. foundD. decorated【解析】选A。根据Patricia的事业发展可知, 她先是用小推车卖货, 后来又承包办公室食堂, 现在与儿子一起开了(started)他们的第一家餐馆。故选A。11. A. placeB. favorC. memoryD. search 【解析】选C。她给自己的这家餐馆起名“Sandeepha”, 是为了纪念(memory)故去的女儿。故选C。12. A. sonB. restaurantC. family D. staff【解析】选B。上文提到她给自己的餐馆起名“Sandeepha”来纪念故去的女儿, 所以此处指她像照顾自己女儿一样照顾这个
49、餐馆。故选B。13. A. extraordinaryB. longC. difficultD. simple 【解析】选A。Patricia被父亲断绝关系, 丈夫吸毒, 家庭重担落在她一个人肩上, 后来丈夫、女儿和女婿相继死亡, 这些打击没有打垮她。她艰苦奋斗, 终获成功, 这些经历可以用非凡的(extraordinary)来形容。 故选A。14. A. approximatelyB. hardlyC. justD. ever 【解析】选C。根据两个人和后来两百人的对比, 可知此处强调当时仅(just)有两个人。故选C。15. A. caringB. waitingC. payingD. w
50、orking【解析】选D。这两百人是她的员工, 在她的餐馆里为她工作(working)。故选D。. 语法填空In the long history of China, many things are more 1. _(advance) than the rest of the world and liquor(酒) is one of them. In China, liquor brewed (酿造) from cereal grain has always been in the dominant position and liquor brewed from fruits accoun
51、ts 2. _a small proportion only. Therefore, to explore the origin of liquor is 3. _(main) to explore the origin of liquor brewed from cereal grain. The history of liquor 4. _ (date) back to the Shanggu period. In Shiji Yinbenji (Historical Records), there was some record about liquor: “King Zhou made
52、 a liquor pool and 5. _ (hang) meat like a forest, drinking all night long. ”In Shi Jing (The Book of Songs), there were some poems about liquor: “October is the time 6. _ (harvest) the grain to make liquor and people use the liquor to celebrate the longevity of 7. _senior. ”Those records indicated
53、that liquor had a history of at least five thousand years. According to some archaeological evidence, there were dedicated liquor tools among the Neolithic(新石器时代) potteries unearthed in modern times, 8. _showed that liquor brewing was rather popular in primitive society. After the Xia and Shang 9. _
54、 (dynasty), there were more and more liquor-drinking vessels, 10. _ (indicate) that liquor drinking was prevalent at that time. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国酿酒业的历史。1. 【解析】advanced。考查形容词。此处表示很多事情比其他国家先进。“more+形容词”表示比较级, “先进的”用advanced。 故填 advanced。2. 【解析】for。考查介词。此处表示水果酿的酒只占一小部分。“占据”用account for。故填 for。3. 【解
55、析】mainly。考查副词。此处表示探索酒的起源主要是探索谷物酿酒的起源。修饰动词用副词mainly。故填 mainly。4. 【解析】dates。考查时态和主谓一致。此处表示酒的历史可以追溯到上古时期。此处为客观介绍, 用一般现在时, 主语为The history of liquor, 谓语动词用单数。故填 dates。5. 【解析】hung。考查时态。此处表示建了酒池, 悬挂肉像森林一样, and 连接并列谓语, 用一般过去时hung与made并列。故填 hung。6. 【解析】to harvest。考查动词不定式。此处表示10月是收获的季节, the time to do, 做某事的时间
56、, to do作后置定语。故填 to harvest。7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处表示庆祝年长者的长寿, 年长者用the senior。故填the。8. 【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。此处表示出土的精致的酒具表明在原始社会酿酒业很受欢迎。此处为定语从句, 用which引导非限制性定语从句, 在句中作主语。故填 which。9. 【解析】dynasties。考查名词的数。此处表示夏商之后, 夏商是两个朝代, 所以用复数。故填 dynasties。10. 【解析】indicating。考查非谓语动词。此处表示越来越多的饮酒器皿表明饮酒在那时是盛行的。此处用现在分词。故填 ind
57、icating。. 读后续写阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldnt get the car moving. Art
58、hur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like youve got a problem, ” Arthur said. “Im afraid so. Im in a big hurry and I cant start my car. ”“Is there something I can do to help? ” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two su
59、itcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If youre sure it wouldnt be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi. ”“No trouble at all. Id be glad to help. ”The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turne
60、d to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm. It was from the bank. There had been a robbery! Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people r
61、unning from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened? ” But everyone had a different answer. Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him. Sh
62、e looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that? ” He thought. “The suitcase! She thinks Im the bank thief! ”Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run. 注意: 续写词数应为150左右。As he wa
63、s running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop! ”_The taxi stopped in front of the police station and Arthur_【参考范文】As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop! ” “Give my suitcase back to me! ” Hearing this, Arthur immediately realized that the youn
64、g man was the bank thief. So he continued running until he stopped a taxi. Then he quickly got into it and sat in the back seat. Out of breath, Arthur said to the taxi driver, “Please go to the police station as soon as possible. I have a robbery to report to the policeman. ”The moment the taxi driv
65、er got the request, he drove straight to the police station without hesitation. The taxi stopped in front of the police station and Arthur ran into it, shouting, “There is a bank robbery and I know who the bank thief is. ” On hearing Arthurs story, the policeman decided to head for the bank to investigate the case. However, Just at that moment, the young man came to the police station in a hurry. Out of breath, he told the whole story. As a matter of fact, he was not the bank thief and what in the suitcase were only some clothes. How embarrassed Arthur was when he learned the truth!
