1、2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练专题限时训练(二十七)科普知识型阅读理解(一)(限时：25分钟)(一)If you see a student napping (打瞌睡) in the library, dont roll your eyes.New research from the University of California, Berkeley, shows that an hours nap can considerably improve and restore your brain power.Indeed, the findings suggest that a nap
2、not only refreshes the mind, but can make you smarter.“Sleep not only rights the wrong of extended wakefulness but it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap.”said Matthew Walker, an assistant professor of psychology at UC Berkeley and the lead investigator of UC Berkeley sleep studies
3、.The latest study suggests that the brain may need sleep to process shortterm memories, creating“space”for new facts to be learned.In their experiment,39 healthy adults were divided into two groupsnap and nonap. At last it showed that the nappers improved their scores by 10 percent on average after
4、sleeping; the scores of those who didnt nap actually dropped by 10 percent.The results support previous data from the same research team that staying up all nighta common practice at college during midterms and finalsdecreases the ability to memorize new facts by nearly 40 percent, due to a shutdown
5、 of brain regions for lack of sleep, said Walker.“Sleep is needed to clear the brains shortterm memory storage and make room for new information.”said Walker.“Its as though the email inbox in your brain is full and, until you sleep and clear out those emails, youre not going to receive any more emai
6、ls.”However, Professor DerkJan Dijk, the director of the Surrey Sleep Research Centre, said that there was no clear evidence that daytime napping offered a distinct advantage over sleeping soundly just once over 24 hours.“The sleepwake cycle is not as fixed as we might thinkwe have the capability to
7、 sleep in different ways.”said Professor DerkJan Dijk.“The size of these effects is much more difficult to judgeif I have to learn something, for example, its easier to do this when Im feeling awake and ready than when Im sleepy.”he added.()1.According to UC Berkeleys new findings, the benefit of a
8、nap is that _.Ait helps to fix a nappers sleepwake cycleBit makes hard learning tasks not difficult any moreCit allows the brain to make room for new learningDit gives nappers chances to clear their memory storage()2.Matthew Walkers study shows that _.Alearning ability in the morning is usually high
9、er than that in the afternoonBextra working hours before an exam can make up for the lack of daily effortsCthe size of the effects of napping depends on when it is takenDstaying up late before an exam does not necessarily improve students exam performance()3.The two research teams mentioned in the t
10、ext may both agree that _.Apeoples sleepwake cycle decides the length of the midday napBsufficient sleep betters peoples learning performanceCscientific experiments are undependable as the results are often hard to judgeDthe differences in their findings result from different methods applied()4.What
11、 can we learn from this passage?ARolling your eyes can stop you from napping.BSome people might move themselves when sleeping.CCollege students tend to study late into night before important exams.DSleeping once over 24 hours is much better than daytime napping.(二)Every human being has a unique arra
12、ngement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of fingerprints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the case.The ridge(隆起) structure on a perso
13、ns fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one, which bears a reproduction of the original pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be d
14、estroyed. Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own fingerprints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.Fingerprints can be made very easily with printers ink. They can be recorded easily. With special methods, identification can be achieved successfully within a short time. Be
15、cause of the simplicity and economy of this system, fingerprints have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. His fingerprints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.When a suspect leave
16、s fingerprints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. Special techniques are used to “develop” them. Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.()1.Scientists and experts ha
17、ve proved that the pattern of a human beings finger skin _.Ais similar to his mothersBis valuable to himself onlyCis like that of others with the same type of bloodDis different from that of all others()2.If your fingers are wounded by knife, fire or other means, the structure of skin will _.Abe cha
18、nged partly Bbe replaced by a different oneCbe the same when the wound is recoveredDbecome ugly()3.Some criminals remove their own fingerprints by _.Ausing printers inkBinjuring the inner skinCdamaging the outer skin Ddamaging the colour()4.Fingerprints have often been used as a method of solving cr
19、iminal cases because it _.Ais complicated but reliableBis simple and not expensiveCis expensive but easy to do Dcan bring a lot of money(三)Special ships that create clouds by sending seawater into the air could be the cheapest way of dealing with climate change, new research has found.The technique,
20、 known as “marine cloud whitening”， would create clouds above the Pacific Ocean that would have a cooling effect by reflecting sunlight away from Earth. Nearly 2,000 windpowered ships would cross the sea, getting seawater and sending it up through tall tubes.“When you send saltwater into the air, yo
21、u create bigger and whiter clouds, and thus reflect more sunlight back into space，” said David Young from the group of the study.The paper by Professor Eric Bickel and Lee Lane looked into the costs of the projects. It found that cloud whitening would reduce the effects of climate change this centur
22、y for no more than 5.3 billion. This is only a small part of the 150 billion that leading nations are considering to spend cutting CO2 emissions (排放物) each year. It is also more than 25 times cheaper than the 140 billion cost of another project which would copy the cooling effect of volcanoes. The a
23、uthors also compared the cost benefits that reducing temperatures would have. They found every 1 spent on other ways would have 15 of benefits, however every 1 spent on cloud whitening would bring 2,000 of benefits. These would include the human costs on health and the influence on other fields. Dav
24、id Young said, “Marine cloud whitening could achieve as much for the planet as CO2 cuts would, but with much less cost.” But he warned that these techniques shouldnt be considered as a longperiod way to deal with climate change. “Its important to note that this technique wouldnt reduce CO2 emissions
25、 or deal with the causes of global warming, but would cover its effects.” he said. ()1.“Marine cloud whitening” has an effect on global warming by _.Acutting sunlightBsending cold air into spaceCcooling water in the air Dcooling air with water()2.The fourth paragraph mainly tells us _.Aways to deal
26、with climate changeBthe costs to deal with climate changeCcloud whitening costs much less than other projectsDleading nations waste much money in cutting CO2 emissions ()3.Compared to other projects, cloud whitening _.Ahas a greater effect on volcanoesBwill bring more benefitsCwill benefit mans heal
27、th mostDcan reduce temperatures in a better way()4.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that cloud whitening _.Ahelps us learn more about global warmingBmeans cutting CO2 emissionsCis the best way to deal with climate changeDcant stop global warming basically专题限时训练(二十七)科普知识型阅读理解(一)(一)1C细节理
28、解题。根据文章第一段第二、三句描述可知，小睡能恢复人们大脑的机能，让人们变聪明，从而进行新的学习。D项不准确，clear their money storage的目的是为新信息提供空间，而不仅仅是清空而已。故C项正确。2D推理判断题。由第三段可知，考试前熬夜可使记忆力降低将近40%，由此可推断，考试前熬夜看书不一定会提高考试成绩。3B推理判断题。通读全文内容，从文章前五段结合最后一段可知，两项研究都赞同的一点是：充足的睡眠有助于提高学习成绩。即B项正确。4C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The results support previous data from the same researc
29、h team that staying up all nighta common practice at college during midterms and finals”可知C项正确，即大学生在重要的考试之前常学习到深夜。(二)1D细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，科学家和专家已经证实指纹的独特性，而且发现没有一个一模一样的指纹能从父母那遗传给孩子，说明没有两个人的指纹是一样的，故选D。2C细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第二句可知，指纹不会随着成长而变化，也不会因为皮肤表面的伤而改变，像烧伤、割伤或者其他外部皮肤的损伤都改变不了指纹，故选C。3B推理判断题。由第二段第三句和第四句内容可知，只
30、有当深层皮肤损伤时，指纹才会变化，所以一些罪犯利用这个事实把指纹去除掉，据此推断B正确。4B细节理解题。由第三段第四句Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, fingerprints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case.可知，这种指纹辨认方法很简单而且成本不高。(三)1A细节理解题。文章前三段均提到cloud whitening是通过向空中喷海水反射阳光，以降低地球气温，从而减缓全球变暖的，故选A项。D选项中的cooling air with wa
31、ter表达有误。Marine cloud whitening的原理是让喷入空中的海水变成云，即形成水蒸气吸收阳光而降温，而并非直接用水降温。2C段落大意题。文章第四段主要比较了cloud whitening与其他两种方案在成本上的花费。很显然，在达到同样效果的情况下，cloud whitening的花费要低得多，故选C项。3B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段可知，与其他方案相比较，用同样的成本cloud whitening可以带来更大的收益，故选B项。4D推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知，虽然cloud whitening与减少二氧化碳一样可以减缓全球变暖，但是它并不能减少二氧化碳的排放，无法从根本上解决全球变暖的问题，故选D项。高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网
