1、Section_Word_power,_Grammar_and_usage_&_Task一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇 1reducev减少2volunteern. 志愿者v. 自愿做，义务做3sniffv. (吸着气)嗅，闻4waven. 波浪v. 挥手；摆动5overheadadv. 在头上方6tapn&v. 轻拍，轻敲7whisperv. 小声说；私下说8bitev. 咬.拓展词汇1analysevt.分析analysis n分析2recognizevt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认recognizition n辨认出，承认3puzzlen谜，疑问 vt.迷惑，使
2、困惑puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的4ignorevt.忽视；对不予理会ignorance n无知；愚昧；不知ignorant adj.愚昧的，无知的5distancen距离；远处distant adj.遥远的；远隔的；远亲的6trianglen三角形；三角形物体angle n角，角度7suitn套装vt.适合，满足需要suitable adj.适合的8attachvt.使连在一起，把附在上；认为重要attachment n依恋；爱慕9disabilityn缺陷；伤残disable vt.使丧失能力；使伤残disabled adj.有残疾的10hopefula
3、dj.抱有希望的hopefully adv.有希望地，有指望地hope n&vt.希望；期望；盼望1.“减少”知多少reduce v减少lessen vt. 减少，使变少decrease v. 减少，减小diminish v. 减少，变小；使减少或变小2以“over”开头的单词一览overhead adv. 在头上方overcoat n. 大衣，外套overnight adv. 通宵，昨晚overtime n. 加班时间adj. 加班的overhear v. 偷听overlook vt. 忽略，俯瞰overcome vt. 克服3语境巧记相关派生词The puzzled look on his
4、 face suggested that the puzzling problem puzzled him.他脸上迷惑不解的表情显示出这个令人困惑的问题令他费解。She ignored all the important facts because of her ignorance, but she said she was ignorant of this field.她因无知忽视了全部的重要事实，但是她说她不了解这一领域。A disabled man said that a car accident disabled him, for which he is still suffering
5、 the disability now.一个残疾人说一起汽车事故使他变得残疾了，因为这个他至今还忍受着残疾。二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.so far迄今为止2be related to 和相关，和有联系3be curious about 对好奇4be linked to 和有联系，和有关联5leave out 省略6clear up (天气)转晴7make the most of 充分利用8rather than 而不是9ring out (铃声、枪声等)突然响起10in the distance 在远处11work out 锻炼；制订出；计算出12come across 偶然碰
6、到，偶然遇到1.have to go hungry不得不挨饿2followed by a storm 伴有大风3in recent years 在近几年里4lose ones sight 失明5in a scientific study 在一项科学研究中6keep their hands in hot water 把他们的手放进热水里7analyse the result 分析结果8remain a puzzle 仍然是个谜9our sense of sight 我们的视觉10while sleeping 睡觉时三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.The possibility that pl
7、easant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.近来新的研究表明，怡人的气味可能会减轻疼痛。that引导同位语从句，不作句子成分，通常不可省略。The news that_we_shall_go_to_visit_an_exhibition is not true.我们将去参观一个展览会的消息不真实。2.Since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were required not to
8、eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.由于人们相信强烈的气味会影响感官，志愿者们被要求在试验前八小时之内不得进食和饮水。“it is believed that”是“itbe过去分词that”结构的主语从句。It_is_believed_that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our horizons.人们相信阅读增长我们的知识，拓宽我们的视野。3.There was such a terrible snowstorm that I could hardly see.如此
9、糟糕的暴风雪让我几乎看不见什么东西。sucha(n)adj.n.that“如此以至于”。I left in such_a_hurry_that I didnt have time to say goodbye to you.我临行匆忙，未能向你告别。1(教材P9)The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.近来新的研究表明，怡人的气味可能会减轻疼痛。reduce vt.&vi.减少，减轻，降低(1)reduce to减少到(表示结果)redu
10、ce by 减少了(表示幅度)reduce sth.from .to . 把某物从减少到reduce sb.to doing sth. 迫使某人做某事；使某人沦落到做某事的地步(2)reduction n. 减少；降低，减轻One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015浙江高考)减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。The illness reduced the population to half of its previo
11、us level.这场疾病使得人口减少到先前的一半。Railway fares are reduced by half for children.铁路票价对儿童减半。He was reduced to begging (beg) all day after he was fired by his boss.在被他的老板开除以后，他沦落到整天乞讨的地步。2(教材P9)Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain.科学家们对嗅觉是否与疼痛有关感兴趣。be related to和相关，和有联系(1
12、)relate vt.使有联系；叙述vi. 有联系；涉及relate .to/with 把和联系起来relate to . 与有关；涉及，有关relate .to . 向叙述；把和联系起来(2)related adj. 相关的，有联系的relative adj. 有关系的，相对的relation n. 关系，联系；叙述；亲属关系Light industry is closely related to agriculture.轻工业和农业密切相关。Can you relate what happened in your childhood to/with your present state o
13、f mind?你能否把你童年时的遭遇同目前的心境联系起来吗？Economic reform has brought relative (relate) wealth to peasant farmers.经济改革给农民带来了相对的财富。The relation (relate) between the two countries gets worse and worse.这两个国家的关系变得越来越糟了。名师点津表示“与有关”的短语还有：be connected withhave something to do withbe linked to3(教材P9)One explanation is
14、that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.一种解释是：女人的嗅觉比男人的嗅觉发育得更好，且与识别婴儿的体味有关。recognize (recognise) vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认(1)recognize .as/to be .承认是recognizethat从句 承认，意识到be recognized as 被公认为(2)recognition n. 认识，认出；承认The computer
15、will recognize your voice and carry out the instructions.计算机可以识别你的声音，并完成指令。Having recognized (recognize) the problem, we worked out a plan at once.意识到了问题，我们马上制订了计划。He recognized that he had made mistakes.他承认自己犯了错误。TheMonaLisa is widely recognized as/to_be the most famous painting in the history of a
16、rt.蒙娜丽莎被公认为艺术史上最著名的画。名师点津表示“认为，把看作”的词组还有：regard .as/to be .consider .as/to be .think of .as .4(教材P9)However, why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.然而，为什么令人愉快的气味不能减轻男士的痛苦对科学家们来说仍然是个谜。puzzle n谜，疑问；难题vt.迷惑，使困惑(1)be a puzzle to sb.是令某人费解的事/难题be in a puzzle about .
17、 对困惑不解(2)puzzle about/over . 苦苦思索puzzle sth.out 琢磨出的答案It is a puzzle to me how he could come here.我不知他是怎么到这里来的。I have in mind some doubts which really puzzle me.我心中有一个疑团，百思不得其解。Ive puzzled about/over this question for a while, but Im still not sure what the right answer is.这个问题我绞尽脑汁地想了好长时间，还是不能确定正确答
18、案。The teacher looked at me, with a puzzled (puzzle) expression on her face.老师望着我，脸上露出不解的表情。5(教材P11)Scientists observe that making the most of our senses when we are young can keep us healthy later on in life.科学家们评论说年轻时充分利用我们的感官，能使我们在以后的生活中保持健康。make the most of充分利用make full use of充分利用make good use of
19、 好好利用make the best of 充分利用We must make the most of the resources in the area.我们必须充分利用这个地区的资源。He is well disciplined.He can make_good/full_use_of his time to complete his task.他很自律，能把握好自己的时间，把任务完成。We should make_the_best_of our opportunities to speak English.我们应该充分利用机会讲英语。名师点津“make (.) use of”用于被动语态时
20、，要注意of不要漏掉。Such good use has been made of his spare time that his English has improved a lot.他很好地利用自己的业余时间，因此他的英语水平有了很大的提高。6(教材P11)It is added that while our sense of sight is used too much, our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.研究补充说，当我们的视觉被用得太多时，我们的触觉和嗅觉一直被忽视。ignore vt.忽视；对不予理会(1)ignore
21、sth./sb.忽视/不理睬某人或某物(2)ignorant adj. 无知的；粗鲁的be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事，对某事不了解be ignorant that . 不知道/不了解(3)ignorance n. 无知，愚昧be in ignorance of sth. 不知道/不了解某事I approached her and wanted to greet her, but she just ignored me.我走近她，想向她打招呼，但是她根本不理睬我。Let yourself stay ignorant (ignore) of things you d
22、ont need to know.如果不需要你知道的事情，就别去理会。He was in entire ignorance of what was being done.他完全不知道正在进行中的事。语境串记He ignores the doctors advice, so he is in ignorance of his serious illness now; that is to say, he is ignorant that he is in danger now.他不理睬医生的忠告，所以现在他不知道自己的病情很严重，也就是说，他不知道自己现在处于危险中。7(教材P11)While
23、having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch television.吃饭时听一些好听的音乐而不是看电视。rather than而不是；与其说倒不如说(1)A rather than BA而不是B；与其说是B，不如说是Arather than do/doing 不愿做(2)rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词与其前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(3)would rather do .than do . 宁愿做而不愿做would do .rather than do . 宁愿做而不愿做prefer to do
24、 .rather than do . 宁愿做而不愿做We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。She enjoys singing rather than dancing (dance)她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。I would rather do some reading at home than go sho
25、pping with them.I would do some reading at home rather_than_go shopping with them.与其和他们去购物，我倒宁愿留在家里读点书。You rather than I are (be) going to go camping.是你而不是我要去野营。名师点津(1)rather than用于连接平行结构时，要注意并列成分在性质、形式上的对称性；(2)rather than连接并列的不定式时，rather than后的不定式符号通常可以省略，但是当rather than位于句首时，其后的不定式不带to。8(教材P12)In t
26、he distance I could hear thunder and see lightning coming.在远处我就能够听到雷声，看到闪电。distance n距离；远处(1)at a distance of .在远的地方in the distance 在远处，在远方at/from a distance 在稍远处，隔一段距离keep sb.at a distance 与某人保持距离，不与某人接近keep ones distance (from) (与)保持一定距离(2)distant adj. 遥远的，远方的The distance from my house to the stat
27、ion is two kilometres.从我家到车站的距离是两千米。The picture looks better at/from_a_distance.这幅画从远处看更好。Everything was quiet, except for the occasional sound of a car in_the_distance.除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。Isnt it also great when friends visit from distant places.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？9(教材P15)It was a man in a metal suit.那是一
28、位穿着金属套装的男士。suit n套装，一套外衣vt.适合，适宜，满足需要(1)suit .to .使适合suit oneself 随自己的意愿，自便(2)suitable adj. 适合的，适宜的be suitable for 适合He wears a suit with a blue tie which looks nice.他穿着一套西服打着一条看起来很不错的蓝领带。She had the ability to suit her performances to the audience.她有能力使她的表演适合观众。I dont think I should be_suitable_for
29、 the post.我认为这个岗位对我不合适。辨析比较suit, fit, matchsuit通常表示衣物或其他物品的式样、颜色等适合某人，也指时间、场所、情况适合某人fit通常指衣物、物品大小、形状适合、吻合match表示衣物或物品等放在一起搭配协调选用上述单词填空The shoes dont fit me.Will you change another larger pair for me?这双鞋不适合我穿。你能给我换一双大一点的吗？The curtain and the paint dont quite match.窗帘和油漆不太相配。Will it suit you if I come
30、 around at 5：00 this afternoon?如果我今天下午五点过来，你觉得方便吗？10(教材P16)During the operation, Mr Liu had a new hand attached.在手术中，刘先生被接上了一只新手。attach vt.使连在一起，把附在上；认为重要attach .to .将系/栓/附在上be attached to 隶属于，附属于；依恋attach importance to 对给予重视With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself? 皮之不存，毛将焉附？Please at
31、tach labels to the luggage.请把标签附在行李上。This middle school is_attached_to a teachers college.这所中学附属于一所师范院校。Once the government attached great importance to urban public safety management.政府曾经对城市公共安全管理高度重视。11(教材P16)Mr Lius doctor has worked out a safe treatment plan for him.刘先生的医生为他制订了一个安全的治疗计划。work out
32、制订出，设计出；计算出；锻炼(身体)；有结果写出下列句中work out的汉语意思I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.计算出We can keep fit by working out for an hour every day.锻炼Cheer up! Things will work out for the best.有结果You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible.制订出名师点津由“v.out”构成的短语还有：give out分发，放出go out熄灭fi
33、nd out 弄清，弄明白look out 当心，小心take out 拿出，取出come out 出现，出版set out 出发，动身carry out 执行，实施12(教材P17)My goodness， Sandy whispered, as she stepped back.“我的天啊，”桑迪一边后退一边低声说。whisper vt.&vi.小声说；私下说；耳语n.耳语，小声说的话(1)whisper (sth.) to sb.对某人小声说(某事)whisper (to sb.) that . (对某人)小声说It is whispered that . 有人私下说(2)in a wh
34、isper/in whispers 低声说We could hear the whisper of wind in the trees.我们能听到树林里的飒飒风声。It_is_whispered that he is heavily in debt.有人私下说他负债累累。I told them what I had seen in_a_whisper/in whispers.我低声告诉他们我所看到的情况。名师点津whisper后面不能接双宾语，应该用whisper sth.to sb./whisper to sb.sth.。1Since it is believed that strong s
35、mells can affect the senses, volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.由于人们相信强烈的气味会影响感官，志愿者们被要求在试验前八个小时之内不得进食和饮水。本句中it is believed that意为“人们相信”。它属于“it be过去分词that .”结构。其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。(1)It is said/reported/believed/suggested .that .据说/据报道/据信/据建议(2)peop
36、le say/report/believe .that . 人们说/报道/相信(3)sth./sb.be过去分词不定式 某事或某人被It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍相信教学和科学一样也是一门艺术。It is said that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.Greenhouse gases are said to_be (be) the main cause of global warmin
37、g.People_say_that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.据说温室气体是全球变暖的主要原因。It_is_suggested_that Smith take over the work.有人建议史密斯接替这项工作。2There was such a terrible snowstorm that I could hardly see.如此糟糕的暴风雪让我几乎看不见什么东西。(1)本句中such .that .意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。用法如下：There was such a heavy fog t
38、hat one couldnt see further than five metres.雾太大，5米以外就看不见了。Mike is such_an_honest_man that we all like him.迈克是如此诚实的一个人，以至于大家都喜欢他。They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。It is such_fine_weather that we would like to go for a picnic.天气真好，我们想去野餐。(2)表示“如此以至于”的另外一种结构是
39、“so .that .”，其用法如下：They walked so_fast_that I could not keep up with them.他们走得那么快，我没法跟上。There were so many people in the doorway that we could hardly get out.门口那么多人，我们简直走不出去。名师点津(1)当little表示“小”时，常与such连用，如such a little boy/such little boys；当little表示“少”时，常与so连用，如so little water。(2)在such/so .that结构中，
40、such/so置于句首时，引起句子部分倒装。Such a nice man did_he seem that we all believed him.他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都相信他。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好待在家里。.单句语法填空1The Dutch language is closely related to German.2He weighed 75 kilos last month, and now his weight has been reduced by 10 kilos.3It
41、was after his death that he was_recognized (recognition) as a great composer.4However, what still makes me puzzling (puzzle) is how to make my dream to go to a top university come true.5Weve only got one day in London, so lets make the most of it and see everything.6I am in ignorance (ignore) of how
42、 to use the machine.7He always prefer starting early, rather than leaving (leave) everything to the last minute.8The sound of the waterfall can be heard at a distance of 20 miles.9This is lowlying land and not suitable (suit) for cotton.10It is five years now since I graduated from High School attac
43、hed (attach) to Harbin Normal University.11Can you work out how much money it will cost?12I saw him whispering something to our teacher yesterday.完成句子1人们相信当面交流有助于人们更好地了解对方。It_is_believed_that communicating face to face helps people understand others better.2乒乓球是一项很有趣的运动，以至于全世界的人都参加这项运动。Table tennis
44、is such_an_interesting_game_that people all over the world play it.3你是怎样得到火箭被成功发射这个消息的呢？How was it that you got the news that_the_rocket_was_sent_up successfully?4他无法抵制甜食的诱惑，所以变得越来越胖了。He cant resist sweet food, so he becomes_fatter_and_fatter.5她与她的同学们相处得很好，这是我们都知道的。That_she_gets_on_well_with_her_cla
45、ssmates is known to us all.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1They are looking at ways of reducing (减少) the waste of natural resources.2Some students from Grade 3 volunteered (自愿) to do some cleaning for the elderly people yesterday.3The teacher tried to analyse (分析) the cause of our failure.4He recognized (辨认出) t
46、he coast of England through a veil of mist.5The student was puzzled (迷惑) about what to do next.6If theres one meal that is ignored (忽视) nowadays, it is breakfast.7It was within easy walking distance (距离) of the hotel.8Im not a fashion victim; I stick to what suits (适合) me.9You have to attach (把附在上)
47、your photo to the application form.10He was disabled in the war and his disability (残疾) prevented him from holding any job.单句改错1In Britain, sales of cigarettes have been reducing by 30% in the past ten years.reducingreduced2Working as volunteer in the local hospital made me much more sensitive to th
48、e needs of the disabled.as后加a3He had changed so much that I could hardly know him.knowrecognize4The question is so puzzled that none of them can answer it correctly.puzzledpuzzling5Many people often ignore of the radiation that comes from TV or the computers.去掉of6Seeing from a distance, it looked li
49、ke a human face.SeeingSeen7Youd better choose the activities which interest you and suit for you.去掉for8She attached a stamp on the envelop.onto.选词填空be related to， make the most of， rather than， in the distance， work out， leave out， be curious about， come across1I will do it myself rather_than ask hi
50、m to do it.2We have worked_out the plan and now we must put it into practice.3These children are_curious_about how the little elephants find food.4Every minute should be made_the_most_of to study our lessons well.5Not until recently did we realize that language was closely related_to culture.6I coul
51、d just see a car in_the_distance,_but I couldnt make out what color it was.7Yesterday I came_across a foreign girl on the street, who looked worried.8I was feeling left_out in the new school when Alice, an easygoing girl from Canada, came to stay with me.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Many blind people use gui
52、de dogs to help them get safely from place to place and to warn them of danger.But what can blind people do if they are allergic (过敏的) to dogs or just dont like them? For some people, the answer is provided by the Guide Horse Foundation.Janet and Don Burleson founded the organization in 1999.They be
53、gan training miniature horses to help guide blind people.Miniature horses look just like regular horses, only much smaller.They are generally less than 34 inches tall.Cuddles was the foundations first guide horse in full service.She became 45yearold Dan Shaws helper.Shaw has an eye disease and his s
54、ight is very poor.One night, while filling out a form to get a guide dog, Shaw heard a news story on TV about people training horses to guide the blind.Shaw loves horses and wanted a guide animal that would live a long time, He applied (申请), and a year later, Cuddles and Shaw began training as a tea
55、m.On a trip to New York, Cuddles helped Shaw safely tour Times Square, a very busy part of the city at night.The next day, Cuddles calmly rode the elevator with Shaw to the crowded top of the Empire State Building, a famous tall building.Cuddles even guided Shaw on the boat ride to the Statue of Lib
56、erty, and traveled on the subway system.Shaw says that he is very lucky to have Cuddles.He believes that Cuddles has changed his life for the better by giving him the chance to do things himself and making him feel much more confident about himself.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导盲马出现的背景以及第一匹导盲马对于Dan Shaw的帮助。1T
57、he Guide Horse Foundation_.Awas set up by one personBhas different kinds of horsesCtrains horses to guide blind peopleDhas a history of several hundred years解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“They began training miniature horses to help guide blind people.”可知C项正确。2According to the text, miniature horses_.Alive a s
58、horter life than guide dogsBare much smaller than regular horsesCare more friendly to people than dogsDare different from regular horses in many ways解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Miniature horses look just like regular horses, only much smaller.”可知，B项正确。3We know from the text that Dan Shaw_.Abecame blind at a
59、ge 45Bhas a great love for horsesCheard about guide horses from a friendDgot a guide horse as soon as he applied解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Shaw loves horses”可知，B项正确。4Cuddles changed Dan Shaws life by_.Amaking him famousBhelping calm himCgiving him confidenceDhelping him start an organization解析：选C推理判断题。根
60、据最后一段最后一句中的“making him feel much more confident about himself”可知，导盲马Cuddles帮助Dan Shaw增强了他的自信心。5The text is written to tell us that_.Aspecial animals can help people do seemingly impossible thingsBblind people are brave to face many challengesChorses are better than dogs as guide animalsDNew York Cit
61、y is a magical city解析：选A写作意图题。文章主要讲述了导盲马出现的背景以及第一匹导盲马对于Dan Shaw的帮助，因此文章旨在说明特殊的动物能够帮助人们做一些看起来不可能做到的事情。.语法填空I used to work at a grocery store and this old lady would always come in to do her shopping.Many of my coworkers did not like _1_ (help) this old lady out to her car because she would talk _2_ a
62、 very long time about her life and my coworkers would lose their _3_ (patient) with her.So I decided to take her out to her car and unload her groceries and in the process of doing so, I listened to her.She was _4_ (basic) talking about her life.From that conversation I learned that her two kids liv
63、ed out of the state and her husband _5_ (die) two years ago.This old lady had no one to talk to.That was _6_ she just wanted to talk to someone about her life.After that conversation, she went back into the store and told my boss what a good _7_ (employ) I was.That made my day.But I also made her da
64、y because I took the time _8_ (understand) why she always talked so much.Anytime an older person _9_ (approach) you to talk, dont feel _10_ (comfortable) about it because he/she has no one else to talk to.Be kind and engage in a conversation with him/her and it will make his/her day.答案：1.helping2.for3.patience4.basically5.died6why7.employee8.to understand9.approaches10.uncomfortable
