1、山西省山阴县2014高考英语阅读理解（1）及答案【广东省广州市调研测试】 Imagine putting a seed in a freezer, waiting 30,000 years, and then taking the seed out and planting it. Do you think a flower would grow? Amazingly, scientists have just managed to do something very similar. They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been
2、 frozen underground in Siberia a region covering central and eastern Russia for about 31,800 years. Using pieces of the fruit, the scientists grew plants in a lab. The new blooms have delicate white petals. They are also the oldest flowering plants that researchers have ever revived from a deep free
3、ze. “This is like regenerating a dinosaur from tissues of an ancient egg,” said University of California, Los Angeles biologist Jane Shen-Miller. The plant has a long history. Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an undergro
4、und chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia. The ground became permafrost, a layer of soil that stays frozen for a long time. Recently, Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to t
5、issue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil. The plants produced seeds that could be used to grow even more of them. Its important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time.
6、 Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. One such endeavor, an underground facility in Norway, is called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. It stores hundreds of thousands
7、 of frozen seeds. If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers. “No one knows how long they are able to live for, but freezing is basically the format for many plant conservation attempts nowadays.” Shen-Miller said. Its
8、a good thing that at least some plants are tough enough to survive the experience. 31. How did the fruit originally get underground?A. It was placed there by an animal.B. It was trapped there during the ice-age.C. It was planted there by ancient farmers.D. It was buried there after the earthquake.【答
9、案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia.可知最初的时候是有动物放在地下的，故选A。32. Which of the following was NOT used to recreate the ancient plant? A. Modern n
10、utrients. B. Parts of its fruit. C. Its frozen seeds. D. Plant pots with soil.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the
11、 scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil.从果实的一部分取组织，然后给这些组织一定的营养，然后把嫩芽放在有土壤的盆里就能再重新栽培出古代的植物，这里没有提到冻了的种子，故选C。33. Why are scientists interested in this discovery?A. It helps them learn how plant life has changed in the past 30,000 years.B. It can help guide future efforts to protect
12、 endangered plant-life.C. It can provide directions for where to look for other ancient plants.D. It proves that all plant life can survive for thousands of years when frozen.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then s
13、toring them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.有了这个重要的发现有助于帮助我们未来去保护频临灭绝的植物，故选B。34. The underlined word “they” in the final paragraph refers to _.A. plantsB. s
14、eedsC. scientists D. storage lockers【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers.及able to live for应该指的是种子能够活多长，故选B。35. The purpose of the passage is to _. A. discuss a plant conservation effort B. introdu
15、ce some ancient plants C. outline some causes of global warmingD. describe a scientific research project【答案】D 【解析】作者意图题。纵观全文的内容可知短文介绍了一个科研项目，故选D。Passage Thirty-three (Importance of a Computer) As citizens of advanced but vulnerable economies, we must either relentlessly increase the quality of our s
16、kills or see our standard of living erode. For the future, competition between nations will be increasingly based on technological skill. Oil and natural resources will still be important, but they no longer will determine a nations economic strength. This will now be a matter of the way people orga
17、nize them selves and the nature and quality of their work. Japan and the “new Japans “of East Asia are demonstrating this point in ways that are becoming painfully obvious to the older industrial countries. There is simply no way to rest on our past achievements. Todays competition renders obsolete
18、huge chunks of what we know and what forces us to innovate. For each individual. Several careers will be customary, and continuing education and retraining will be inescapable. To attain this extraordinary level of education, government, business, schools, and even individuals will turn to technolog
19、y for the answer. In industry, processing the information and designing the changes necessary to keep up with the market has meant the growing use of computers. The schools are now following close behind. Already some colleges in the United States are requiting a computer for each student. It is est
20、imated that 500,000 computers are already in use in American high schools and elementary schools. Although there is an abysmal lack of educational software, the number of computers in schools expands rapidly. The computer is the Proteus of machines, as it takes on a thousand forms and serves a thous
21、and functions. But its truly revolutionary character can be seen in its interactive potential. With advanced computers, learning can be individualized and self-paced. Teachers can become more productive and the entire learning environment enriched. It is striking how much current teaching is a produ
22、ct of pencil and paper technology. With the computers capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of curriculums. Seymour Papert, the inventor of the computer language LOGO, believes that concepts in physics and advanced mathematics
23、can be taught in the early grades with the use of computers. On every-day level, word-processing significantly improves the capacity for written expression. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-assisted instruction enables the student to advance rapidlywithout being limited by the con
24、flicting needs of the entire class. In short, once we learn to use this new brain outside the brain, education will never be the same.Industry, faced with the pressures of a rapidly shifting market, is already designing new methods to retrain its workers, In the United States, a technological univer
25、sity has been set up to teach engineering courses by satellite. And the advances in telecommunications and computational power will dramatically expand the opportunities for national and international efforts in education and training.Without romanticizing the machine, it is clear that computers uni
26、quely change the potential for equipping todays citizens for unprecedented tasks of the future. Particularly in Europe and the United States, innovation will be the basis for continued prosperity. New competitors are emerging to challenge the old economic arrangements. How successfully we respond wi
27、ll depend on how much we invest in people and how wisely we employ the learning tools of the new technology.1. What is the decisive factor in future competition between nations?A. Oil. . Technological skill.C. Natural resources D Education2. The main idea of this passage is A. Knowledge of a Compute
28、r. . Importance of a Computer.C. Function of Knowledge. C. Function of Technology.3. Why does further study become indispensable?A. People want to so more jobs. People want to attain this extraordinary level of education.C. People would not rest on the past achievements.D. What we know becomes obsol
29、ete.4. The word “Proteus” is closest in meaning to A. flexibility. . diversity. C. variety. D. multiplicity.Vocabulary1. relentlessly 始终不懈的2. obsolete 过时的，大量的，绝大部分的3. chunk 大块，大量的，绝大部分4. abysmal 无底的，极端的5. Proteus 希腊神话中海神，能随意变化。这里指flexible, 灵活多变6. take on 显现，显示7. LOGO=logotyre 标识语，作为标志的语言8. rapidly s
30、hifting 瞬息万变的9. romanticizing 使浪漫化，使幻想化难句译注1. With the computers capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities open up for the redesign of curriculums.参考译文 由于计算机能进行模拟和提供各种反馈，它就为从新设计学校的课程开辟了各种新的可能性。2. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-assisted
31、 instruction enables the student to advance rapidlywithout being limited by the conflicting needs of the entire class.结构简析 句子结构为主谓宾补，前后各用一个介词（短语），前in term of , 后without参考译文 就练习和实践来讲，借助自行规定速度的计算机辅助的指令使学生突飞猛进而不受全班互相矛盾的需要所限制。3. Without romanticizing the machine, it is clear that computers uniquely chan
32、ge the potential for equipping todays citizens for unprecedented tasks of the future.结构简析 逻辑主语句。句前有一状语成分，without +分词+名词的句型。参考译文 不必用浪漫主义的手法来形容计算机，我们可清楚看到，它是独一无二的改变今天公民的潜力，使他们能承担未来的史无前例的任务。写作方法与文章大意文章论述了“计算机的重要性”，采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就提出：作为经济上先进而又脆弱的公民，必须始终不懈地提高技术素质，否则生活水平就会下降。因为未来国际竞争取决于技术，一切部门必须迎合这一要求。具体到
33、工业和学校必须使用计算机。重点在学校，因为它是培训新人才的基地。所以三，四，五，七段涉及计算机在学校的种种功能。最后的结论：人才和计算机是决定性因素。答案祥解1. B. 工艺技术。这在第一段就讲到“在未来，国与国之间的竞争越来越以工艺技术为基础。尽管石油和其他自然资源仍很重要，但它们不会再对一个国家的经济实力起决定性的作用。”A. 石油。 C. 自然资源，这两项不是决定性因素。 D. 教育。文内教育作为改革的一个方面，其重点是在学校内应用计算机，来改变教学质量，达到革新人才的目的。并不是直接参与竞争。可参看第2题的答案及译注。2. B. 计算机的重要性。整篇文章都显示了这一点。第三段“工业上，
34、信息处理和制定必要的改革计划以适应市场需要意味着越来越多使用计算机。学校紧跟工业之后”第四段“计算机是一种变化多端，神通广大的机器，因为它显示千种图象，发挥千种功能。而它的真正的革命性可在其相互作用的潜能中看出。有了先进的计算机，学习可以个别进行，速度自行规定。教师变得更有成效。”第五段“由于利用计算机，在学校低年级就能教授物理学和高等数学概念。”最后一段画龙点睛地指出：“计算机独一无二地改变着那种今天公民能担当未来空前任务的潜能新的竞争对手正在崛起，自由的经济布局提出挑战。我们如何才能顺利的应战，取决于我们对人的投资的多寡，取决于我们怎么聪慧地应用新技术的学习工具。”所以A. 计算机知识。
35、C. 知识的功能。 D. 技术功能，这三项只是计算机重要性中涉及到的一个方面，不能作为中心思想。3. D. 因为我们知道的一切变得陈旧。第二段头几句话“我们决不能吃老本，当今的竞争使我们的大部分知识变得陈旧，非加以革新不可。对每个人来说，他们将惯常从事某几种职业，并且非继续学习进修和从新接受训练不可。”都说明进修学习的原因。A. 人们要做更多工作。文内没有提到。 B. 人们要到达非同一般的教育水平。这是目的，不是原因。 C. 人们不能吃老本。这话并没有完全讲清楚全部原因。4. A. 灵活多变。 Proteus 一词，原义是指希腊神话中变幻无常的海神，普罗狄斯，他可以随心所欲边成各种形状。这里指
36、灵活多变。【2014高考英语福建省联考试卷】CA month went by in this manner , but a month was all I could bear . The memory of Marguerite accompanied me wherever I went . I had loved that woman - still loved her - too much for her suddenly to mean nothing to me . Whatever feelings I might have for her now , I had to see
37、her again . At once .I knew Marguerite . Meeting me so unexpectedly must have thrown her into a state of great confusion . Probably , she had heard of my departure which had set her mind at rest as to the consequences of our sudden parting . But , seeing me back and coming face to face with me , pal
38、e as I was , she had sensed that my return had a purpose , and must have wondered what was going to happen .If , when I saw her again , Marguerite had been unhappy ; if , in taking my revenge （复仇）, there had also been some way of helping her , then I might well have forgiven her , and would certainl
39、y never have dreamed of doing her any harm . But when I saw her again , she was happy , at least on the surface . Another man had ensured her the luxury （奢侈）in which I had been unable to keep her . She brought shame both to my pride and my love ; she was going to have to pay for what I had suffered
40、. I could not remain indifferent （冷漠）to what she did now . It followed that the thing that would hurt her most would be exactly for me to show indifference . Indifference , therefore , was the feeling which I now needed to pretend , not only in her presence but in the eyes of others . I tried to put
41、 a smile on my face , and I went to call on Prudence with whom Marguerite was staying .Prudence saw me to the door , and I returned to my apartment with tears of anger in my eyes and thirst for revenge in my heart and thought only of finding a way to make the poor creature suffer .64. This passage i
42、s most probably _ of a love story . A. the beginning B. the introduction C. a summary D. a chapter65. According to the passage , the hero（男主角）wanted to _ . A. forgive Marguerite because he found her unhappy B. stop the relationship with Marguerite because he couldnt keep her in the luxury C. make up
43、 the relationship with Marguerite because he still loved her D. give Marguerite sufferings because his pride and his love were hurt 66. What kind of feelings did the hero most probably have ? A. Indifference and love . B. Indifference and hate . C. Love and hate . D. Hate and sadness .67. What would the author most probably write about next ? A. Why he changed his mind suddenly . B. How he made up his relationship with Marguerite . C. How he made Marguerite suffer. D. Why he wanted Marguerite to pay for what he had suffered . 【参考答案】6467DDCC
