1、Section_Grammar_&_Writingit的用法()一、it用作代词1it作非人称代词，常用于指代时间、距离、自然现象、量度、价值等。Its time to get up.(指时间)到起床的时间了。Its going to snow.(指天气)(天)要下雪了。It is a long way from my school to the hospital.(指距离)从我的学校到医院(距离)很远。2it用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物、性别不明或被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门？Its me.是
2、我。(性别不明)We bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before we can move in.(代替前文提到的事物)我们买了一所新房子，但搬进去之前还需要做很多工作。1(北京高考改编)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.(北京高考改编)Being a parent is not always easy, and being t
3、he parent of a child with special needs often carries with it extra stress.3用来代替指示代词this, that。Is this your new computer?这是你的新电脑吗？No, it isnt.不是。Whats that?那是什么？Its Toms passport.是汤姆的护照。二、it作形式主语it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句子后面。it作形式主语的几种常见句型：1It is形容词(good/kind/clever/stupid/easy/hard/d
4、ifficult/important，etc.)(of/for sb.)to do sth.Its important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说很重要。2It is形容词(important/necessary/clear/possible/natural/strange, etc.)thatsb.(should) do sth.(虚拟语气)It is important that we (should) pay close attention to the situation.我们密切关注形势的发展是很重要的。3It is no use/g
5、ood/useless/senseless/dangerous/enjoyable/worthwhile/a waste/fun, etc.doing sth.Its no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。4It is said /reported/announced /(well)known/believed/hoped/suggested/expected, etc. that .It is reported that many people were badly injured in the mine disaster.据报道在这起矿难中有多人严重
6、受伤。5It is 名词(词组)(a pity/a shame/an honour/no wonder/a fact, etc.)that从句。 Its a pity that you missed such an exciting football match.你错过了这么令人兴奋的足球比赛，真遗憾。点津it作形式主语没有具体的意义，只是把真正的主语移至句子的后面，避免头重脚轻。2(江苏高考改编)It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.(全国卷改编)The doctor thought it woul
7、d be good for you to have a holiday.三、it作形式宾语it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：1动词it形容词/名词(for sb.)to do或that从句。其中，常用动词有think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep等；常用形容词有hard, useless, worth, worthwhile等。I think it important that you (should) attend the confer
8、ence.我认为你参加这次会议很重要。I found it hard to get on with Mary.我发现同玛丽相处很难。3(山东高考改编)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. (山东高考改编) The two girls are so alike that the strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other. (天津高考改编)We feel it our duty to make our country a
9、better place.2动词itto sb.(sth.)/for granted/in mind .that .常用句型有：owe it to sb.(sth.)that .把归功于某人leave it to sb.(sth.)that . 把留给某人去做take it for granted that . 认为理所当然keep it in mind that . 把记在心里We owe it to you that we finished the work on time.多亏了你，我们才按时完成了这项工作。I leave it to your own judgement whether
10、 you should do it.我让你自己判断这事是否该做。3动词(短语)itthat/when/if .常用在此结构中的动词(短语)有：enjoy, like, love, dislike, appreciate, hate, prefer, ask for, answer for, see to, depend on, insist on等。See to it that the goods are kept well.注意这些货物要保存好。I like it when the weather is fine in autumn.我喜欢秋高气爽的天气。4(陕西高考改编)Id apprec
11、iate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.同义句转换(用it改写句子)1To my surprise, he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.To my surprise, he thought it impossible for him to learn English well.236 students are said to have passed the exam in our class.It
12、_ is_ said_ that 36 students passed the exam in our class.3To give up smoking is not easy.It_ is not easy to give up smoking.4Debating about it is useless.It_ is useless debating about it.5I became stronger and stronger, which made my parents glad.I became stronger and stronger, and it_ made_ my_ pa
13、rents_ glad.6He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.He felt it_ his_ duty to serve the people heart and soul.7In the west, people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends, making it a rule.In the west, people make_ it_ a_ rule to send Christmas presents to their rel
14、atives and friends.8When and where to hold the match hasnt been decided.It_ hasnt_ been_ decided when and where to hold the match.完成句子1They havent_made_it_to_the_public (还没有公之于众) where they are to hold the conference.2I think it_is_impossible_for_us (对我们来说那是不可能的) to finish our work on time.3It_is_re
15、ported_that (据报道) two people were injured in the accident.4It_is_no_use (那是没有用的) saying any more about it.5It_is_my_duty (那是我的职责) to help you improve your English.6It_is_well_known (众所周知) that smoking does harm to peoples health.7You_may_depend_upon_it_that (你可以相信) well never lose heart.8I_took_it_f
16、or_granted_that (我认为理所当然) you could stay with us.9I_hate_it (我讨厌) when you say such things in public.10I_would_appreciate_it_very_much (我将感激不尽) if you could help me with it.回复建议信假如你是李华，你跟你的朋友Paul聊天，他表示学习压力很大，请你给他写封信，给他提一些建议。1将自己的问题告诉老师和同学，请求得到他们的帮助。2不要总想着考试成绩，要多想想自己在哪些方面进步了，这样就会给自己自信。3多做运动，运动可以帮助自己缓
17、解压力，并且有助于睡眠。4你对他的祝福。要求：1.文章必须包括以上所有内容，并根据需要，适当发挥。2词数：100左右。Dear Paul，I quite sympathize with you and understand the great trouble you are suffering from just because the problem you are facing is very common among us students.Here are some suggestions for you.Firstly, I suggest you communicate your
18、trouble with your teachers and classmates so as to get help from them.Secondly, you are not supposed to think about your exams all the time, which only makes you more stressed out.Instead, you should think about the progress you have made in your study, which will surely increase your own confidence
19、.In addition, it would be better for you to do more exercise in your spare time to relieve your stress because sports will also help you sleep better at night.I hope you will get out of your trouble sooner and live happily.Yours sincerely，Li Hua第一段：对对方的状况表示同情和理解。第二段：提出具体建议。第三段：表达了自己的希望。亮点一：句使用了高级词汇s
20、ympathize, suffer from, suggestion, communicate, be supposed to, stressed out, confidence, relieve等，增添了文章的文采，展示了作者扎实的语言功底。亮点二：句使用了定语从句和状语从句，句使用了宾语从句，句使用了非限制性定语从句，句使用了it作形式主语结构及状语从句。所有这些复杂句式的使用，彰显了作者娴熟的驾驭语言的能力，提升了文章的档次。亮点三：句使用了firstly, secondly, instead, in addition等过渡词，使文章层次清晰，结构严谨，行文流畅。写回复建议信时，首先要分
21、析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点：1信件要素齐全。建议信的回信和建议信一样，通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)、信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。有时信头和信内地址可省略。2态度谦恭理智。不管对方提出的问题对自己有无实际价值，态度是否中肯，都要认真对待，理智分析，并对对方提出的问题给出合理的解释以及实际有效的解决方法。3简明扼要，以理服人。针对问题提出解决方法时，一定要语气柔和，态度明确，逻辑分明，重点突出，让对方感到“纳而有因，拒而有理”。
22、1首段：引出问题I am sorry you have had so much trouble in .You have asked for my advice on .and I will try to make some suggestions.2主体：提出建议In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following action.First of all, .; Meanwhile, .; In addition, .Its important for you to .3结尾：提出期望Cheer up！Your troubles wil
23、l soon be over.Where there is a will, there is a way.Dont lose heart, whatever happens.I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.Please let me know if I can help further.假设你是李华，是一所农村高中二年级的学生。请阅读下面在大学读书的表哥的一封英文短信，然后对他的建议表明拒绝或接受，并说明理由。Dear Li Hua，Its a long time since I wrote to you last t
24、ime.I hope everything is getting well with you.The long summer holiday is drawing near.I suggest you should look for a parttime job to make good use of the holiday.It can help you earn some money and learn more about society.Dont you think so?If you would like to do it, I will be willing to help you
25、.Looking forward to your answer.Your cousin注意：1不能照抄书信中的原句。2可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。3词数：100左右。_参考范文：Dear cousin，Im more than glad to receive your letter and thank you very much for your advice.From my point of view, its an excellent idea, which will benefit me in many ways.To begin with, if I find a job in the
26、 holiday, I can earn some money.By doing so I can reduce the load of my parents.Whats more, just as what you mentioned in the letter, in this way I can improve my ability of independence and learn more about society as well, which will enrich my life experiences and lay a good foundation for my future.Also, when working, I may make some new friends.Dont you think it very interesting?All in all, Id like to follow your advice.Im convinced I will spend a meaningful holiday with your help.Yours，Li Hua
