1、语法初识原句感知自主探究 I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiouslyI stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet themShe stepped back appearing surprised Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from CanadaWhen Darlene Coulon from France
2、 came dashing through the door Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving awayThe old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinishedHearing the news, they immediately set offHaving written a letter, I listened to music for a while(1)动词ing形式在句中可作伴随状语(句、)，时间状语(句)，结果状语(句)，原因状语(句、)。(2)
3、若动词ing短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生(句)；若动词ing短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前(句)。(3)动词ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语(句)。语法剖析语法点一现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1作时间状语现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。Hearing the noise, I turned roundWhen I heard the noise, I turned round 听到响声我转过身去。2作原因状语现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一
4、个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV setBecause he was poor, he couldnt afford a TV set由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。3作条件状语现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Working hard, youll certainly succeed If you work hard, youll certainly succeed只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。4作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The fir
5、e lasted a whole night, causing great damage大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。点津现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步、方式
6、和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a bookMary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。即时演练111用现在分词作状语改写下列句子When she turned around, she saw a car driving upTurningaround , she saw a car
7、 driving upThey stood there and waited for the busThey stood there, waitingfor the busAs he was ill, he couldnt attend the meetingBeingill,_he couldnt attend the meeting12完成句子(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)Be
8、ing_too_old (因为年老), he couldnt take a plane语法点二现在分词作状语的注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished t
9、he letter, he went to post it他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)即时演练2用所给动词的适当形式填空Seeing_(see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a noteHaving_suffered (suffer) such heavy pollution, it may now be too late to clean up the riverHaving_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know ev
10、ery place quite well(江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework, he went to bed(现在分词
11、的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。即时演练331用所给动词的适当形式填空Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the personHaving_been_told (tell) for several times, he still couldnt understand the rulesHearing (hear) the bad news, she didnt know what to do32单句改错(重庆高考改编)Being asked to work overtime that evening, I mis
12、sed a wonderful film Being_askedHaving_been_asked3动词ing 形式的否定式：not ving; not having vedNot knowing this, he didnt come他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。All the s
13、tudents having sat down, the lecture began所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。The new year coming, we were happy新年来了，我们很高兴。The regulation permitting, I will go with you制度允许的话，我就和你去。即时演练441用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子If weather permits, we shall go there on footWeatherpermitting,_we shall go there on footAfter Mary came back, they
14、 discussed it togetherMarycomingback,_they discussed it together42完成句子(江苏高考改编)The_lecture_having_been_given (讲座结束后), a lively questionandanswer session followedSpring_coming_on (春天来了), the trees turned green5现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking “一般来说”，ju
15、dging by/from “从判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。链接高考用所给动词的适当形式填空1(2016北京高考)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, turning (turn) the
16、old town into a dreamland2(2016天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary3(2015天津高考)Having_worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule4(2015重庆高考)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using (use) the sun
17、and the stars5(2015湖北高考)Looking (look) at the beef being cooked on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together 6(2015湖南高考)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, wondering (wonder) whether to stay or leave7(2014福建高考)Ha
18、ving_spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age针对演练用所给动词的适当形式填空1Pressed from his parents, and realizing (realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games2Disappearing (disappear) from vi
19、ew day by day, the singer is turning to his memories for comfort3Gathering (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people4More highways have been built in China, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another5Not_having_completed (complete) the progr
20、amme, they have to stay there for another two weeks6Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon7The decision having_been_made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out8Tasting_ (taste) good and sweet, this kind of pear was soon sold ou
21、t in the market9He sat in a chair under the shade of the tree, reading (read) a novel10The old man, having_worked (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland完成句子1The students walked on the street, talking_and_laughing学生们走在街上，又说又笑。2Hearing_the_news,_he couldnt help laughing一听
22、到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。3Having_worked_hard_for_many_years,_he finally achieved his dream努力工作了很多年后，他终于实现了梦想。4The child slipped and fell, hitting_his_head_against_the_door那男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。5Having_been_told_many_times,_he still didnt learn these rules by heart尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记下来。短文改错Dear classmates，I think it
23、 was very necessary for us to talk about friendship at the meeting today As a member of society, we need friend and friendship Healthy friendship may help people get on well and benefit one another On contrary, unhealthy friendship may bring up bad things For example, some socalled friends often smo
24、ke or drinking together They never point out of each others mistakes So deeds are against school rules In fact, they are doing harms to their friends In mine opinion, friends should help each other Additional, we should encourage each other so that we may learn well and achieve great success答案：第一句：wasis或去掉was第二句：friendfriends第四句：On后加the; upabout或去掉up第五句：drinkingdrink第六句：去掉of第七句：SoSuch第八句：harmsharm第九句：minemy第十句：AdditionalAdditionally
