1、B卷能力素养提升【说明】本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) AAfter spending 13 years raising three boys, Stephanie Connolly wanted to get back into the workforce, but she was worried that her computer skills were obsolete. Not only was the long employment break a concern, but she had never used Microsof
2、t Office programs. Her last employer had only used WordPerfect. A year later, Connolly is so skilled in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint that she is helping others, and has just completed a fixed amount of work as a teaching assistant in a computer class. Shes also on the job hunt, armed with a new resum
3、e (简历), interview skills, and the latest knowledge of how to conduct Internet job searches, fill out Webbased applications, and upload resumes.“I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given that to me，” said Connolly, who owed her development
4、to classes offered by the Harvard Allston Workforce Development Collaboration (HAWDC)The collaboration is part of a series of programs, and neighborhood improvements that began with an agreement reached between Harvard University and the city of Boston five years ago.The agreement grew out of discus
5、sions between the University and the city over the construction of Harvards science Complex in Allston. Although the construction paused in 2009, the implementation (实施) of the nonconstructionrelated aspects of the agreement has continued.What has meant to the neighbors is the opening of the Harvard
6、 Allston Education Portal, a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvards front door to the neighborhood and access to certain University programs and facilities. Information about the agreements benefits to the community, as well as about Harvards deep ties with Cambridge and Boston
7、, is available on the new communityoriented Public Affairs website.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了哈佛大学与波士顿共同协作的教育项目使当地居民受益。1The underlined word “obsolete” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_” Aout of reach Bout of date Cout of order Dout of danger 解析：选B词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“she had never used Microsoft Office programs. Her last
8、employer had only used WordPerfect”可知，她担心她的计算机技能“过时”了。2Which of the following words can best describe Connollys attitude to the HAWDC? ACritical. BGrateful.CIndifferent. DNeutral.解析：选B态度观点题。根据第三段中的“I can walk through the doors of the company and feel very confident. The course instructors have given
9、 that to me”可知，Connolly因为学习了该项目的课程，变得很自信，可推断她对这一协作项目心存感激。3According to the passage, Harvard Allston Education Portal _.Abenefits people living in BostonBraises money from the local people Cis merely accessible to college students Dmakes people concerned about the environment解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the H
10、arvard Allston Education Portal, a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvards front door to the neighborhood”可知，该项目使波士顿当地人受益。4In which part of Harvard Universitys website can we find this passage?AMultimedia. BHarvard Science.CArts & Culture.DCampus & Community.解析：选D文章出处题。根据最后一段中的“
11、a communitycentered education facility that serves as Harvards front door to the neighborhood”可知，本文最可能出现在哈佛大学网站中与社区有关的板块里。BStudents in American schools learn from an early age to give presentations (演讲) as part of their regular classroom activities. Children as young as five years old often give bri
12、ef talks about objects they bring in to school called “show and tell”， and this training is a basis for later public speaking. Even so, many native Englishspeaking adults are afraid to speak or give presentations in front of a large group.Speaking English in public meetings is necessary for many stu
13、dents and employees. The best way to improve is to practice public speaking in a friendly environment. Learners need to receive feedback about what they are doing well and about their mistakes. One group that gives members the chance to practice is Toastmasters. Toastmasters is an international orga
14、nization that holds weekly meetings. At the meetings, members each give a speech and give others advice about their speeches and speaking style.Charles LeBeau is a public speaking professor and consultant. He began his career in Japan in 1982. Currently, he teaches at two universities and at the Tos
15、hiba International Training Center. He has also written books on the subject.English language learners around the world use his book Speaking of Speech. Speaking of Speech tells about a method of teaching public speaking for nonnative speakers. Mr. LeBeau says a simple approach helps English learner
16、s.“The approach that Ive taken is to simplify and break it down. First if we look at a presentation, whats going on, there are basically three messages that the presenter is giving the audience, all simultaneously (同时). Theres what I call the physical message. Physical message is basically body lang
17、uage. Its the way that my body, as a speaker, is talking to the audience. And then theres also the visual message. The visual messages are the slides that we now make and show the audience. The third message is the story message. The story message is the content of our presentation. So another way w
18、e can think of the story messages is that its the verbal message, and its what we say to the audience. The story message also includes how we organize our ideas to present to the audience.” LeBeau said.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在美国从学生很小的时候开始，演讲就成为了他们日常班级活动的一部分，五岁的孩子就能够在班级里简短的介绍一些他们带来的日常的东西，这种训练也成为了日后公共演讲的基础。即使如
19、此很多当地以英语为母语的人还是害怕在公众场合作大型演讲。5Which of the following statements is TRUE?AThe best way to improve is to practice public speaking in an unfriendly environment.BToastmasters is an international organization that holds meetings every two weeks.COnly nonnative English speaking adults are afraid to give pr
20、esentations in front of a large group.DAt the meetings of Toastmasters, members give not only a speech but also advice.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段“Toastmasters is an international organization that holds weekly meetings. At the meetings, members each give a speech and give others advice about their speeches an
21、d speaking style.”可知Toastmasters是一个国际性的组织，每周都会举行会议。在会议上，每一个成员发表演讲，并对其他成员的演讲和说话风格提出意见。故答案为D。6The book Speaking of Speech by Charles LeBeau is mainly intended for _.Achildren as young as five years oldBnonnative English speakersCnative English speakers only Dstudents in American schools解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四
22、段“Speaking of Speech tells about a method of teaching public speaking for nonnative speakers.”可知，Speaking of Speech这本书介绍了母语不是英语的人该如何作公共演讲。故答案为B。 7What are the three messages given in Mr. LeBeaus simple approach that helps English learners? athe physical messagebthe visual message cthe story messaged
23、the verbal message ethe basic body language Aabc Bbcd Cabe Dcde解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段“Theres what I call the physical message.”；“And then theres also the visual message.”；“The third message is the story message.”故答案为A。8Which could be the best title for this passage?ANecessity of Speaking English in Public
24、 Meetings BToastmasters, an International OrganizationCTips for Public SpeakingDCharles LeBeau, a Public Speaking Professor and Consultant解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文，全文是关于如何作公共演讲，从native speaker和nonnative speaker两个角度谈论了这个问题，故答案为C。CMore than 4 in 10 cancers 600,000 in the UK alone could be prevented if people le
25、d healthier lives, say experts. The population of the UK is about 63,000,000.Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor, followed by unhealthy diets. The charity advises people to live healthily, limit alcohol intake and do regular exercise.According to
26、the figures from 2007 to 2011, more than 300,000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking. A further 145,000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food. Obesity contributed to 88,000 cases and alcohol to 62,200. Sun damage to the skin and physical inactivity were also c
27、ontributing factors.Professor Max Parkin, a Cancer Research UK statistician, says, “Theres now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk, with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.”“Of course everyone wants to enjoy some extra
28、treats during the Christmas holidays so we dont want to ban beef pies and wine but its a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits.”“Leading a healthy lifestyle cant guarantee someone wont get cancer but we_can_stack_the_odds_in_our_favour by taking positive steps.”Public Health England
29、 says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk. It says campaigns such as Smokefree, Dry January and Change4Life Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness. Its important that we not only continue to make progress in noticing cancer earlier and improving treatments,
30、but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains important in dealing with cancer.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。专家们认为，如果我们拥有健康的生活方式，那么超过十分之四的癌症是可以避免的。9.Which of the following is the third biggest avoidable cancer factor?AObesity.BAlcohol intake.CUnhealthy
31、diets. DPhysical inactivity.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，可避免的致癌因素中排名第一的是吸烟，第二是不健康的饮食，第三是肥胖，第四是喝酒。10According to Professor Max Parkin, _.Aits OK to drink wine during festivalsBthe causes of cancer are still unclear nowCunhealthy food should be completely bannedDa healthy lifestyle will protect us from cancer
32、解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we dont want to ban beef pies and wine”可知，Max Parkin 教授虽然极力倡导健康的生活方式，但他认为节假日期间少量喝酒还是可以的。11By saying the underlined words in Paragraph 6, Professor Max Parkin means we can_.Ahelp othersBimprove our livesCdis
33、cover cancer earlyDdecrease our cancer risk解析：选D句意理解题。根据第四段中的“certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk”可知，生活方式的选择对得癌症的几率有很大的影响。因此，健康的生活方式虽然不能确保我们不得癌症，但可以“降低我们得癌症的几率”。12Whats the main idea of the text?AMost cancers are caused by smoking.BCancer is greatly linked to our lifest
34、yle.CThere are different factors that lead to cancer.DPublic awareness should be raised to prevent cancer.解析：选B主旨大意题。本文前三段通过数据等说明可避免的致癌因素的前几名都跟生活方式有关，第四、五、六段引用 Max Parkin 教授的话进一步证明了生活方式与癌症之间的关系，最后一段通过英国公共卫生局的官方发言再一次说明了健康的生活方式可以降低得癌症的几率。故选B项。DThe Tropical Paradise Holiday Welcome to St Anna, our trop
35、ical paradise just off the coast of Latin America. You can spend two weeks in our luxury fourstar hotel. The cost of your flight is included in the holiday, and you can be picked up from your home by our special airport bus. On your arriving, our coach will be waiting to take you to the hotel. All f
36、lights leave from Heathrow on a Monday morning.The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfront, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views. If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.The Rain Forest Adv
37、enture HolidayEvery year Broughton holidays offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a tropical rain forest. You may have a choice of Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest.You will fly to our special base camps at the edge of
38、 the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wildlife.Then you take a bus into the forest. You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the m
39、inimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.Remember that these adventure holidays take you deep into the wilderness, and they are not suitable for families with young children. Also remember that no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of t
40、hese very special holidays, you will need to book early!语篇解读：本文是广告文体阅读。文章主要介绍了两个假期旅游的好去处，介绍了旅游的方式和主要风景和活动等。13What can we learn about the rain forest holiday? ATravelers will learn to talk with wild animals. BDifferent means of transportation will be used. CThe holiday will end with a survival traini
41、ng. DBooking early, travelers will get a discount.解析：选B判断推理题。根据The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第二、三段可知，可坐飞机、步行和坐公交车等，选B。14What kind of people will probably choose the rain forest holiday? APeople loving water sports. BPeople travelling with children.CPeople preferring comfortable hotels.DPeople c
42、oncerned with environment and wildlife.解析：选D推理判断题。根据The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday中的第三段的“You will have to walk the final five miles . to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.”判断应该是关注环境和野生动物的人们去野营。故选D。15Which of the following is mentioned in both holidays? ATransportation.
43、BPrice. CReservation. DDeparture time.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章The Tropical Paradise Holiday部分和The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday都提到的是flight，应是两段都提到交通方式。故选A。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)Do you usually feel like youre working hard but still cant reach your study goals? Here are some quick tips to help you study bett
44、er.Study with a partner or in groups.Rather than living in a cave with your nose in the books all day, grab a friend from your class and study with him or her. _16_Step into your teachers shoes.Ask yourself “If I were the teacher, what would I put on the test？” You have probably experienced a few of
45、 your teachers tests and quizzes by now. _17_ Teachers have specific types of information that they want you to learn. The structure is usually the same.Paint pictures. _18_ Its harder to remember each piece of a puzzle individually than it is to recall the completed picture. Find ways to connect wh
46、at you are learning to real life or to other concepts.Feed your brain.A hungry brain is an ineffective one. Those Snickers commercials were not kidding. Your brain needs the proper nutrients to keep it going. Because of this, what you eat and drink also plays a huge role in how sharp your brain is.
47、_19_ Junk foods increase tiredness and lead to the infamous food coma.Take breaks.Your brain is like a muscle. _20_ It can also tire if you overwork it. If you divide studying into 1530minute blocks with quick breaks in between, your brain will feel refreshed, grateful and ready for the next challen
48、ge you throw at it.ALearn from them for the next test.BIt needs exercise to make it stronger.CIts necessary to have a long holiday and have nice food.DGroup studying helps you to engage and process the information more deeply.EYou can build your knowledge structure in the form of pictures.FHealthy f
49、oods provide nutrients to your brain cells to keep them energized.GWe need to have a positive mental state if we want to improve our study efficiency.答案：1620DAEFB.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)When he was 5, Nicholas Lowinger visited a homeless shelter with his mother. He was _21_ to show off his new lig
50、htup sneakers. But his mom warned him against doing so, _22_ that these children might not have such things._23_ enough, when Nicholas met kids at the shelter, he _24_ realized that they were living in circumstances that were different from his own.“I saw other kids who looked just like me. The only
51、 _25_ was that they were wearing _26_ shoes that were falling apart. Some didnt have a pair of shoes to call their own，” said Nicholas, now 15. “Ive been _27_ to grow up in a family that is able to provide me with whatever I need. A lot of kids here in the US. dont have the same _28_.”That first she
52、lter _29_ left a strong impression on Nicholas, who started _30_ all the shoes hed outgrown to local shelters. But he soon _31_ that his donations werent that helpful.“It _32_ me that I only had used shoes to give to them _33_ new shoes that fit right，” he said. “No two peoples feet are exactly the
53、same, and _34_ you are wearing someone elses worn shoes, your feet arent going to be comfortable.”So at the age of 12, Nicholas started a program that donates _35_ shoes to homeless children. _36_， his efforts were part of a community service project. With the help of his parents, he then started th
54、e Gotta Have Sole Foundation, which has donated new footwear to more than 10,000 _37_ children in 21 states.“Something that seems so _38_， a pair of shoes, can make children feel _39_ about themselves and gain confidence.” Nicholas _40_ other young people to do the same.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Nicholas在5岁时随妈妈
55、拜访了无家可归者的收容所。这给他留下了深刻的印象，于是他发起了一个为无家可归者捐鞋的活动来帮助他们。他还鼓励其他年轻人也去做相同的事情。21A.disappointedBpuzzledCexcited Dsurprised解析：选C根据空格后的“to show off his new lightup sneakers”可推知，Nicholas为可以炫耀他的能发光的新运动鞋而感到兴奋(excited)。故选C。22A.explaining BexpectingCdeciding Djudging解析：选A根据空格前的“But his mom warned him against doing so
56、”可知，Nicholas的妈妈警告他不要这么做，并向他解释了(explaining)原因，因为收容所里的孩子可能没有这样的东西。故选A。23A.Terribly BSureCStrangely DFair解析：选B根据空格后的“. living in circumstances that were different from his own”可知，果然如妈妈所说，Nicholas发现收容所里的孩子们过着跟他不一样的生活。sure enough“果然，果真”，符合语境。24A.actually BpossiblyCquickly Dsimply解析：选C根据第一段最后一句和空格后的内容可知，N
57、icholas来到收容所后，很快(quickly)就意识到收容所里的孩子们的生活环境和他自己的有所不同。故选C。25A.result BproblemCreason Ddifference解析：选D根据上段和空格前的“I saw other kids who looked just like me. The only .”可知，住在收容所里的孩子看起来和Nicholas差不多大，唯一的不同是他们穿着破损不堪的旧鞋子。故选D。26A.old BbigCspecial Dheavy解析：选A根据空格后的“shoes that were falling apart”可推知，住在收容所里的孩子们穿的是
58、破损不堪的旧鞋子。故选A。27A.brave BfortunateChealthy Dselfish解析：选B根据空后内容可知，Nicholas感到很幸运(fortunate)，因为他成长在一个能给他提供任何他需要的东西的家庭。故选B。28A.education BexperiencesCclothing Dopportunities解析：选D根据上句可知，Nicholas感到生长在一个能给他提供任何他需要的东西的家庭是很幸运的。而美国的很多孩子却没有同样的机会。opportunity“机会”，符合语境。29A.lecture BshowCvisit Dclass解析：选C根据文章第一段第一句
59、中的“visited a homeless shelter with his mother”可知，此处指第一次的拜访(visit)就给Nicholas留下了很深的印象。故选C。30A.donating BpostingCselling Ddelivering解析：选A根据上文内容可知，收容所里的孩子们穿着破旧的鞋子给Nicholas留下了很深的印象，于是他开始将自己穿小了的鞋捐给(donating)当地的收容所。下句中的“donations”也是提示。故选A。31A.remembered BadmittedCdoubted Drealized解析：选D根据下文“No two peoples f
60、eet . to be comfortable.”可知，Nicholas很快意识到(realized)他的捐赠对那些无家可归的孩子们不是那么有帮助。故选D。32A.delighted BbotheredCamazed Dastonished解析：选B根据下文可知，因为每个人的脚并不完全相同，所以旧鞋穿到别人脚上可能会不舒服。而自己只有旧鞋而没有新鞋可以捐赠，这一点让Nicholas很烦恼(bothered)。故选B。33A.because of Bapart fromCinstead of Dexcept for解析：选C句意同上。because of“因为，由于”；apart from“远离
61、，除之外”；instead of“而不是”；except for“除了之外”。故选C。34A.if BonceCuntil Dthough解析：选A根据本句前半部分“No two peoples feet are exactly the same”可知，没有两个人的脚会完全一样，如果你穿别人穿过的鞋，你的脚不会很舒服。此处表示假设的条件，故选A。35A.expensive BnewCstrong Dunique解析：选B根据上文内容可知，Nicholas意识到如果我们穿别人穿过的鞋，脚会不舒服，于是在12岁时，他发起了一项活动，为无家可归的孩子们捐赠新(new)鞋。故选B。36A.At lea
62、st BIn factCIn addition DAt first解析：选D根据下一句中的“then”可知，与之相对应的应该是at first，意为“最初，起先”。故选D。37A.homeless BspecialCpoor Dsick解析：选A根据该段第一句中的“to homeless children”可知，在父母的帮助下，Nicholas启动了Gotta Have Sole Foundation项目，为21个州的1万多名无家可归的(homeless)孩子捐赠了新鞋。故选A。38A.useless BsimpleCfunny Dcheap解析：选B根据空格后的“a pair of shoe
63、s, can make children feel _ about themselves and gain confidence”可知，捐赠一双鞋这么简单的(simple)事就能让孩子们感觉很好并且获得自信。故选B。39A.warm BluckyCgood Dsad解析：选C句意同上。warm“温暖的，热情的”；lucky“幸运的”；good“好的”；sad“难过的，悲哀的”。故选C。40A.forces BcommandsCprefers Dencourages解析：选D因为Nicholas从捐鞋这件小事中受益匪浅，所以他鼓励其他年轻人也去做相同的事情。encourage“鼓励，支持”，符合
64、语境。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Scientists have discovered that _41_ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Br
65、own fat burns energy, _42_ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results _43_ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, _44_ (comfort) temperatures, our bodys need for brown fat has decreased. They found that Outdoor workers in
66、 northern Finland who _45_ (expose) to cold temperature have _46_ significant amount of brown fat when _47_ (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. _48_ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later
67、gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have _49_ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said: “This protein could become an important target f
68、or research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added: “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could _50_ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”答案：41.staying42.which43.infortable45.are exposed46.apared48.One 49
69、lower50.possibly.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)Last night, I saw a great film, Forrest Gump. I am great impressed by this film, by the stories of Forrest Gump. Forrest Gump was born in small village. He was born mentally disabled, and he was discriminated by other.But his mother is a strong female who enco
70、uraged Gump to be strong but live the same as normal people. Beside, he meets Jenny, a tragic but kindhearted girl.With the love of his mother and Jenny, Forrest Gump begins his running all his life. I am moving by his strong willing, kindness and optimism. There are many miracles in his life what s
71、eem impossible to him. But I know it is reasonable, because of he wins them with his noble personalities.答案：第二句：greatgreatly第三句：small前加a第四句：otherothers第五句：encouragedencourages; butand第六句：BesideBesides第八句：movingmoved; willingwill第九句：whatthat/which第十句：去掉of.书面表达(满分25分)假如你在学校举行的英语演讲比赛中获得了好成绩，将在颁奖仪式上发言，请
72、用英语写一篇发言稿，要点如下：1参赛目标是否实现；2取得好成绩的两个主要原因；3演讲中发现的自己的不足之处及改进办法。注意：1.词数100左右；2发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Good afternoon, everyone!It is an honour for me to speak here._Thank you!参考范文：Good afternoon, everyone!It is an honour for me to speak here. And I am excited because I have achieved my goal to win first priz
73、e in the contest.Firstly, I should owe my success to my teachers and all those who helped me in preparation for the contest. Thank all of you! Secondly, my success is closely connected with my love of English. I hold that the love from the heart can really make a difference.Anyhow, the experience of the contest helps me understand some of my shortcomings. One of them is that my limited knowledge weakens the power of my speech. So I have determined to study harder to broaden my knowledge and learn more about the world.Thank you！
