1、 .单词拼写1Judging by his accent (口音), he must be from England.2Some passages were omitted (省略) from the book.3The teacher often asks us to make a few remarks (评论) about some stars.4There are a lot of women queuing (排队) for bread out of the store.5In order to prevent the earthquake, the structure (结构) o
2、f the building has been improved.6I sometimes get to work by subway (地铁) in America or underground in Britain.7With proper teaching methods, the students are making progress steadily (持续地).根据汉语意思及词性写出下面单词1obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的obviously adv.显而易见地；显著地2confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的confused adj.感到困惑的confuse v
3、使混乱；使迷惑；使感觉窘迫confusion n混乱；混淆3compare vt.比较；对照comparison n比较；对照 4variety n种类vary v变化，不同various adj.各种各样的variation n变化5settler n移民；定居者settle v定居；殖民；解决settlement n殖民；开拓6differ vi.不同，有区别different adj.不同的difference n不同；差异巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨 obvious obviously形容词加-ly构成副词 confuseconfusing动词去e加-ing构成形容词 differdi
4、fference动词加-ence构成名词.根据汉语意思补全短语1have .in common 有相同的特点2make a difference 有影响，使不相同3get around 四处走动(旅行)4queue up/stand in line 排队5compare .with . 比较和6be similar to 与相似7have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难8lead to 导致；引起 1教材原句It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or Amer
5、ican English.老师讲英式英语还是美式英语，这是没有多大区别的。句型点拨it作形式主语，真正的主语为whether .or .引导的主语从句。佳句赏析你去不去都没关系。It doesnt matter whether you will go or not.2教材原句Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为“flashlight”，而英国人却叫它“torch”。句型点拨while为并列连词，表对比关系，意为“而”。佳句赏析儿子在家吃好饭而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。The son was
6、having a good meal at home, while the parents were working in the fields.3教材原句The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (Ill see you Monday; Write me soon！)英国人用介词的地方美国人有时会省略掉(Ill see you Monday; Write me soon！)。句型点拨where引导的地点状语从句。佳句赏析把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。Leave the medicine where the
7、children cant reach it.4教材原句Since the 1980s，with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，轻轻一按开关就能听到英式英语和美式英语已经成为可能。句型点拨it作形式主语，不定式短语to listen to British and American English作真正的主语。佳句赏析能弄到比赛的门票吗？
8、Is it possible to get tickets for the game?5教材原句This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。句型点拨make itadj./n.(for sb.) to do .。佳句赏析新技术已经使得以更快的速度且更低的价格生产新产品成为可能。New technologies have ma
9、de it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 1We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of course, language.(P1)现在我们真的在各个方面与美国都差不多，当然，语言除外。have .in common with和有相同之处To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.令我吃惊的是，我发现自己和这个陌生人有许多共同
10、点。have much/a lot/something/everything/nothing (little) in common (with) 有很多/一些/所有/几乎没有共同之处in common with 和一样；有共同之处out of (the) common 不寻常的，特殊的common practice/sense 惯例/常识 In_common_with other students, these boys like playing football and basketball.这些男孩与其他学生一样喜欢踢足球和打篮球。He had nothing out_of_the_com
11、mon他没有什么与众不同之处。2It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.(P1)老师讲英式英语还是美式英语，这是没有多大区别的。make a difference对有影响，使不相同Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.锻炼会极大地改善你的健康状况。make no/little/some/much/a great difference (to) (对)没有/几乎没有/有些/有很大影
12、响tell the difference between .and . 说出与之间的不同之处I will try my best to change the situation even if it makes_little_difference我将会尽力改变现状，即使影响很小。Can you tell_the_difference_between apes and monkeys? 你能区分猿和猴子吗？ 名师点津 在make a difference中，虽然difference前面有a，但difference在此短语中是不可数名词，所以可以说make no/little/much/some
13、difference。3As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)(P2)作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。get around走动；到处旅行；(谣言等)传开；逃避一词多义写出下列句中get
14、around的含义Working for an international company, he gets around quite a lot.出差Word got around that the department might be closed.传开Some people try to get around the tax law.逃避get about get around 走动，到处旅行get along/on 相处；进展get away from 避免，摆脱；逃离 get down to (静下心来)认真处理get through 通过；到达；做完；接通电话get over 爬
15、过，克服，(疾病、惊恐、损害等)恢复 He got up from the seat and wanted to get_away_from the noise.他从座位上站起来，想摆脱这些噪音。The task isnt as difficult as it seems when you really get_down_to it.当你真正认真做这项工作时，它并不像看上去那样困难。名师点津 get around表示“(消息)传播”时，没有被动形式。4Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch.(P2)美国人把手
16、电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。 while为并列连词，表对比关系，意为“而”此句中的while为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示前后两者的对比转折，连接并列句。此时要注意与however, but, yet在行文逻辑方面的不同，后者表示行文意义上的转折。The walls are green, while the ceiling is white.墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。While_she_was_listening to the radio, she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。While_he_loves_his_students,_he is
17、 very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可他对他们很严格。自主归纳while作从属连词，意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。此时的主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，while从句谓语动词通常是延续性动词。while作从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句，从句通常位于句首。5Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. (P2)有时候，同一个单词的含义有轻微差别，这让人疑惑不解。confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
18、The instructions on the boxes are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明含糊不清。(1)confuse vt. 使困惑；混淆confuse .with/and . 把和混淆(2)confused adj. 困惑的，烦恼的；杂乱的(3)confusion n. 混淆；困惑in confusion 在混乱中；困窘地 Im sorry I dont know you. Maybe you are confusing_me_with someone else.对不起，我不认识你，也许你把我和别人弄混淆了。The old woman looked at him
19、in_confusion老妇人用困惑的目光打量着他。语境串记 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.他们提了如此多令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我完全困惑了，困窘地站在那儿，不知道应该做什么。6Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in
20、 the team, at the weekend (British)(P2)介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team, on the weekend (美式) 和in the team, at the weekend (英式)。compare vt.& vi.比较，对照 n比较Lets compare the translation with the original.让我们把译文和原文比较一下。(1)compare A with B 拿A和B比较compare A to B 把A比作Bcompared with/to . 和相比compare notes with sb. 与某
21、人交换意见(2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双(3)comparison n. 比较in/by comparison with sb./sth. 与相比 He compared_the_girl_to the moon in the poem.他在诗中把那姑娘比作月亮。Compared_with a five-star hotel, this one is small and dirty.和五星级的旅馆相比，这家旅馆又小又脏。The second half of the game was dull in/by_comparison_with the first
22、.与上半场比赛相比，下半场有些沉闷。7The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. (P2)它们(两种英语)的另外两个方面的区别是拼写和发音。differ vi.不一致；不同，有区别That is where we differ.这是我们的分歧所在。(1)differ from 不同于；和不同；和意见不一致differ in . 在某方面有异议differ with sb.(on/about/over sth.) 不同意(某人)或某种意见(2)different adj
23、. 不同的be different from 与不同be different in 在某方面不同(3)difference n. 区别，差别 People differ_from one another in their ability to handle stress.在应对压力方面人们的能力各不相同。I differ_with_you_on that question. 在那个问题上我与你的看法不同。语境串记 Jim and Jack are good friends, but they have many differences. They differ in appearance. I
24、n addition, they are different from each other in character.吉姆和杰克是好朋友，但是他们有很多不同之处。他们相貌不同，另外性格也不一样。8A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.(P2)伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话要比听懂纽约人说话更难。have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难I know what I want to say bu
25、t I have difficulty in putting it across.我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以表达清楚。have much/some/little/no difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth.做有很大/一些/很少/没有困难have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth. 在方面有困难have a hard/ good time (in) doing sth. 做某事经历困难/愉快的时光have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很高兴、开心 The students have_grea
26、t_difficulty_with this type of sentence.学生们对这种类型的句子感到困难。The children have_fun_in_playing hide-and-seek.孩子们从捉迷藏中找到了乐趣。Can you tell me the difficulty you had_learning how to drive a car?你能告诉我你在学习开车时遇到的困难吗？名师点津 (1)difficulty指“困难，艰难，做事的状态，处境”时为不可数名词；而具体指“某个难题，困难事”时，为可数名词。(2)对这个短语的另外一种常见的考查是the difficult
27、y sb. has/had doing sth., 表示“某人或某事遇到的困难”。9This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.(P3)专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英美两国人相互理解起来更加容易。make itadj./n.(for sb.) to do .此句是“make宾语宾语补足语”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。The rain made i
28、t more difficult for us to finish the work on time.大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。We must make_it_a_duty_to_protect our common global environment.我们必须让保护我们共同的地球环境成为一种责任。We should all make_it_clear_that success comes from diligence.我们都应该明白成功源于勤奋。We found_it_difficult_to_explain to him what happened.我觉得向他解释清楚发生了什么事情很困
29、难。自主归纳该句型中的谓语动词还可用feel,_find,_think,_consider。宾语补足语还可以使用名词。真正的宾语还可以是宾语从句。10But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.(P3)但这也导致了大量美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。lead to引起；导致；通向一词多
30、义写出下列句中lead to的含义Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous results.导致All roads lead to Rome.通向(1)lead sb.to/into . 领着某人去/进入lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事lead the way 带头；先行lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活(2)in the lead 带头，处于领先地位take the lead 带头 Her constant lying led_me_to distrust everything she said.她总是撒
31、谎，我完全不相信她的话了。He led_the_group_out_into the garden, showing them that he was leading_a_quiet_and_happy_life他把那些人领出去进了花园，向他们显示了他过着安静快乐的生活。名师点津 lead to中的to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词形式。 .单句语法填空1The instructions on the box are so confusing (confuse) that some people cant understand them.2In addition, most students
32、 often have to stand in line for a long time before they get the meal.3Word got around that a 17-year-old girl from Pakistan won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014.4Compared (compare) to her sister, the lady earned much more money by selling clothes.5You may imagine what great difficulty I had expressing
33、 (express) these ideas in simple English.6Global warming will lead to extreme weather happening (happen) frequently.7Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.8In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.9Their help h
34、as made a difference to the teams success.10Karen has much in common with her sister because they are twins.11I saw them whisper to each other; obviously (obvious), they didnt want to be heard by others.12There are some differences (differ) between British English and American English in spelling, p
35、ronunciation and grammar.13The government hasnt responded to his remarks (remark) since the report was released.14Their embarrassing situation seems to be similar to ours that we had before.15The fact that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.完成句子1Th
36、ey had_nothing_in_common with each other.他们之间毫无共同之处。2I should compare_your_eyes_to diamonds.我应该把你的眼睛比喻成钻石。3It is difficult for him to get_around without a stick.他没有手杖，走路很困难。4I have found the education system in the UK differs_from that of my home country in many aspects.我发现英国的教育制度和祖国的在很多方面不一样。5The d
37、ifference between us often leads_to quarrel.我们之间的不同经常导致争吵。.一句多译1比较这两本书，你就会发现它们之间的不同。If_you_compare_the_two_books,_youll find the differences between them.(if从句)Comparing_the_two_books,_youll find the differences between them.(现在分词短语作状语)Compare_the_two_books_and_youll_find the differences between the
38、m.(祈使句and陈述句)Compared_to_this_book,_that one is different.(过去分词短语作状语)2美国人和中国人在时间的处理上非常不一样。There_are_many_differences_between Americans and Chinese in managing time.(difference)Americans and Chinese differ_in_managing_time(differ in)Americans differ_from_Chinese in managing time.(differ from)American
39、s are_different_from Chinese in managing time.(different)3食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。Eating too much sugar can lead_to health problems.(lead)Eating too much sugar can result_in health problems. (result)Eating too much sugar can contribute_to health problems.(contribute).课文缩写语法填空There are four ways in 1.which Bri
40、tish English and American English 2.differ_ (difference) from each other. The first and most obvious way is 3.in the vocabulary.In grammar therere a few differences. The British say “Have you got .？”4.While American prefer “Do you have .？” The British use prepositions 5.where Americans sometimes omi
41、t them. The other two areas in which the two 6.varieties (various) are different are spelling and pronunciation. However，with communications 7.developing (develop) steadily for over a century, some experts believe that the two are moving 8.closer (close) together due to satellite TV and the Internet
42、. On the other hand，English is spoken 9.with different accent；in the future, there are going to be many other “Englishes”In spite of this, users of English will have no difficulty 10.understanding (understand) each other. 对应学生课时达标训练(二).根据提示写出单词的正确形式1The students majoring in medicine must study the s
43、tructure (结构) of the human body.2Laws on pollution differ (不同) widely from one country to another.3He likes to make rude remarks (评论) about others appearance.4Compared (比较) with other athletes, Michael Phelps has the perfect body shape for a swimmer.5He had developed a slight American accent (口音) af
44、ter living in America for some time.6Early settlers (settle) from Europe settled on the coast of the Pacific Ocean and built some houses.7Much to our joy, our fathers health is getting steadily (steady) better with time going by.8Believe it or not, there are slight variations (vary) in the incomes f
45、armers got from the agricultural reform.9Her speech was so confusing (confuse) that few students could understand it.10People change their minds for a variety (vary) of reasons.选词填空 get around, make much of a difference, lead to, queue up, after all, turn on, have difficulty (in), have .in common 1S
46、tudies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead_to high blood pressure, heart problems and other illnesses.2Henry plan to get_around New York by bike by himself in the coming summer holidays, but his parents didnt allow him to do so.3Having done the dishes, Mrs. White turned_on the TV a
47、nd watched the TV series.4The fear hasnt totally gone. After_all,_being attacked is a frightening experience for a seven-year-old child.5David had_difficulty_(in) expressing himself in Chinese, but I understood him by body language.6Tony has much in_common with Tom in character. For example, both of
48、 them seldom express their own ideas in public places.7It doesnt make_much_of_a_difference whether you go to Beijing by plane or by train, because both are very convenient.8Dozens of people were queuing_up to get tickets.完成句子1Her mother is fond of western music, while_her_father_is_interested_in_Pek
49、ing_Opera她的妈妈喜欢西方音乐，而她的父亲对京剧感兴趣。2Compared_with other western countries, France plays a very important part in Chinas economic development.与其他西方国家相比，法国在中国的经济发展中起着重要的作用。3It_is_obvious_that the manager was quite satisfied with your spoken English.很明显，经理对你的英语口语非常满意。4Nothing can make_it_possible_for_lost
50、_time_to_be_made_up时间一旦失去，无论如何都无法弥补。5He advised me to live where_the_air_is_fresher他建议我住在空气更清新的地方。.阅读理解AWhen I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did
51、 not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask fo
52、r information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人)I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.” And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, “Why he dont send me check already two week long.”A
53、nd then, in perfect English I said: “Im getting rather concerned.You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasnt arrived.”Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.” And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I cant tolerate any more excuse. I
54、f I dont receive the check immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English. When I was a teenager, my mot
55、hers broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, ex
56、pressed ideas, and made sense of the world.语篇解读：本文介绍了我对妈妈所说英语的认识的转变。1Why was the authors mother poorly served？AShe was unable to speak good English.BShe was often misunderstood.CShe was not clearly heard.DShe was not very polite. 解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Because of her English, she was often treated unfai
57、rly.”可知。2From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was _Agood at pretendingBrude to the stockbrokerCready to help her motherDunwilling to phone for her mother解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her.”可知。3After the author made the phone
58、 call, _Athey forgave the stockbrokerBthey failed to get the checkCthey went to New York immediatelyDthey spoke to their boss at once解析：选B 推理判断题。 根据文中的“If I dont receive the check immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”和“The next week we ended up in
59、 New York.”可知。4What does the author think of her mothers English now？AIt confuses her.BIt embarrasses her.CIt helps her understand the world.DIt helps her tolerate rude people.解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文中最后一句“It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the worl
60、d. ”可知。BTowards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels (元音) being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact (接触) with many people from around the world. This meant that lots of new vocabulary entered the language. The inve
61、ntion of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary came out.Early Modern English and Late Modern Engli
62、sh are mostly different in the number of words. Late Modern English has many more words, mainly because of the following two reasons: First, the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) led to the need for new words. Second, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earths surface, and the English language
63、took in foreign words from many countries.From around 1600, the English colonization (殖民地化) of North America led to American English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British En
64、glish. Some expressions that are called “American English” are in fact from British expressions. They were kept in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. Spanish also had an influence (影响) on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante are from Spanish. Th
65、ey entered English by the people of Spain who settled in the American West. French words and West African words also influenced American English.Today, American English has a greater influence, because of the USAs movies, television, popular music, trade and technology.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了英语的一些历史，印刷术等的发明使英语
66、的语法等逐渐确定下来，英国的工业革命和殖民让英语增加了很多新的词汇和收入了很多外来词汇，西班牙语等对美式英语发展影响很大。如今，美式英语影响更广泛。5The main difference between Early and Late Modern English lies in_Avocabulary BpronunciationCspelling Dgrammar解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段的第一句可知早期现代英语与晚期现代英语的主要区别是词汇。故选A。6What helped to increase the vocabulary of Late Modern English?athe
67、 invention of printingbthe Industrial Revolutioncthe colonizationdthe contact with other countriesAa, b, c Ba, c, dCa, b, d Db, c, d解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段的“The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print .”可以看出印刷术的发明使得书面语流行起来，并未增加英语词汇。第二段讲了英国的工业革命和全球的殖民增加了英语的词汇。倒数第二段介绍了英
68、语吸收了很多国家的词汇。故选D。7From the passage, we can learn the word “canyon” is from_AAmerican dialect BAfrican dialectCSpanish DFrench解析：选C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Spanish also had an influence (影响) on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch .”可知：西班牙语也影响了美式英语，例如，像canyon, ranch这些词来自西班牙。故选C。.任务型阅读How to Be
69、 ConfidentWe are all human and have weaknesses. Even if your physical appearance or social skills arent what you wish they were, that doesnt have to stop you from being confident. 1._Make a list of special talents you have, or things you do that are good morally (道德上) or otherwise. It doesnt have to
70、 be a specific skill; it can be an approach or an attitude that you hold through life. 2._ Are you very patient with people? Do you always see the humorous side of things? Are you always there for your friends?3_ When you feel strongly about something, speak loudly and clearly and make eye contact w
71、ith people. People will judge you all the time, and usually theyll misjudge you anyway, so why bother trying to live up to their opinions at all? Take care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet and get enough exercise. Dont abuse your body, dont overload it, and dont deny it any of the things it needs. At
72、 the same time, dont obsess (沉迷). 4._ Those things are only band-aids (权宜之计) and make-up. Confidence comes from within. In order to be confident, you must value yourself and understand that your well-being is important. Improve your posture. 5._ Dont drop your shoulders. Make sure that your back is
73、straight, your shoulders are square, and your chest sticks out slightly (but stay loose, otherwise youll appear stubborn (固执的) and nervous). Good posture also helps with deep breathing, which helps with feeling calm and relaxed. AHeres how to believe in yourself. BBut smiling at yourself in the mirr
74、or helps you to love yourself, thus making you a bit more confident. CBuying all the moisturizers (润肤霜) and creams will not bring you closer to who you want to be. DIt is surprising how powerful the simple step of taking action can be. EDo you always stay calm, cool and collected, even in hurried si
75、tuations?FHaving good posture can actually make you feel more confident. GKnow that you have important things to say and do. 答案：15 AEGCF.课时书面表达训练(根据汉语提示完成下面小作文)A linguist got_around (旅行) in America to learn more about American English, thinking he would have_no_difficulty_in_communicating (交流没困难) wi
76、th Americans.In his opinion, while their accents differ_from (不同于) each other, they had_a_lot_in_common (有许多共同之处) in grammar. But things didnt go so smoothly as he had expected. Even though compared_to (与相比) many other linguists, his English is excellent, his English is excellent, many times he misunderstood the local people, which led_to (导致) his making a fool of himself. But he learned a lot about American English.
