1、.根据首字母及英文释义写出单词1seize:_to take sb./sth. in your hand suddenly2scale:_the size or extent of sth. especially when compared with sth. else3means:_a way of achieving or doing sth.4shabby:_(clothes, objects, etc.) in poor condition because they have been used a lot5flee:_to leave a person or place quickl
2、y, especially because you are afraid of possible danger.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词1speciesn(动植物的)物种2behalfn. 代表3roughadj. 艰难的4slidevi. 滑行5rollvi. (平稳地) 移动，滚动6change_ vt. &n改变，变化changeableadj.多变的7irrigatevt.灌溉irrigationn灌溉8separateadj.独立的 vt.分离，分开separationn分开，分离；分居separatedadj.分开的9constructvt.建造constructionn建造；建
3、设constructiveadj.建设性的，积极的10slipvi.滑落slipperyadj.滑的；滑溜的11potentialadj.潜在的；可能的 n潜在的可能性potentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地_potentialityn潜力，可能性.补全短语1apart from除以外2answer for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任3call for an end to sth. 要求结束4wrap up结束5on somebodys behalf 代表6carry off掠走，夺走7all in all 总的来说8result in 导致9recover from从中恢复10get
4、over克服11turn on突然攻击；打开；取决于；依而定12earn ones living 谋生13in advance 提前14to some degree 在某种程度上1This makes your notes easier to read when you look at them later.这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。句式分析句中“easier to read .”为宾语your notes的补足语，make为使役动词。佳句赏析新的操作系统使你的电脑更容易操作。The new operation system makes your computer easier t
5、o operate.2The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大面积地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。句式分析句中the last few years作主语，see作谓语，意为“经历；目睹”，这种拟人修辞手法使表达既简练又生动。佳句赏析19世纪后半期见证了旅行方式的稳步改善。The last half of the nineteenth century witnessed the s
6、teady improvement in the means of travel.3Atlantic hurricanes their howling winds with speeds of over 300 kilometres an hour are 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago.大西洋飓风它们咆哮的风速超过每小时300公里现在比三十年前的强度增加了40%。句式分析句中40% stronger now than为英语倍数表示方法。佳句赏析我们今年的产量比去年多10%。Our output this year is 10% big
7、ger than that of last year.In the past hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, just like the following pictures show. What do you think mainly causes the disasters and what should we do next?In the past hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods, dro
8、ughts, mudrock flows, seismic sea waves, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts. The disasters have killed millions of people, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with w
9、hat we have done to the earth. We have cut down too many trees in the forests, we have badly polluted the environment, we have shocked our own homeplanet time and again with tremendously powerful explosions of nuclear bombs. As a result, climates have become abnormal, rainwater rushes down hillsides
10、 angrily, and the underground energy goes up to revenge itself on us.The earth is our only homeplanet. It is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it and make it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.FastreadingCh
11、oose the best answers according to the text.1Whats the main idea of the passage?AMore and more natural disasters and their influences.BVolcanoes, the worst threat to human beings.CHow to predict the natural disasters correctly.DThe measures people have taken to prevent natural disasters.2From the pa
12、ssage, we can know that _.Anatural disaster can be predicted with the science developmentBmore and worse nature disasters will come in the futureCmany countries have taken effective measures facing the natural disastersDglobal warming is the main cause of natural disasters 3Why are volcanoes and ear
13、thquakes are more dangerous than before?ABecause the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.BBecause of the fast growing of population on the earth.CBecause there are more and more volcanoes and earthquakes.DBecause about half the worlds population lives in cities now.4The following factors can cause n
14、atural disasters EXCEPT _.AoverpopulationBglobal warmingCthe destruction of the worlds forestsDthe fast development of science5According to the passage, which one is RIGHT?AThe Yellow River ever failed to reach the sea for 226 days. BThe howling winds of Atlantic hurricanes are 40% stronger with spe
15、eds of 800 kilometres an hour.CIn 2006, thousands of Indonesians had to flee because the Mt Merapi erupted.DIn history, the worst volcano eruption is Mt Tambora.答案：15ABDDA.CarefulreadingRead the text again and fill in the chart with the information in the text.Nature is turning on usThe last few yea
16、rs have (1) seen more environmental disasters and far worse ones may come.The influence of natural disastersReduced rainfall has affected large areas (2) leaving irrigation canals dry and some nations have already been in (3) armed_conflict over water. The volcanic eruption nearly(4) wiped_out the s
17、mall island of Montserrat.Indonesia has had a rough time，(5) suffering several killer quakes and is still (6) recovering_from the Asian tsunami.The(7) reasons for natural disastersOne answer is (8) overpopulation. It is growing at the rate of 10,000 people an hour. (9) On_top_of that adds global war
18、ming, mainly caused by huge amounts of carbon dioxide.Around (10) half the worlds population lives in cities, causing more damages.考点1apart from 除之外教材原句Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.除了少数生活在动物园，熊猫只生活在中国大陆的竹林深处。 There can be no knowl
19、edge apart from practice.离开实践就没有知识。Apart from the price, we also need to think about where it is situated when buying a house.买房子时，除了价格外，我们还要考虑房子的位置。辨析比较besides意为“除了之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义，表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分包括在内，是包容关系。besides还可用作副词，表示“除此之外”，相当于in additionexcept意为“除了没有”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，是排外关系。前后名词性质相同e
20、xcept for意为“除之外”，用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思。前后名词性质不同apart from具有多重意义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或except forin addition to意为“除此之外，还”1选词填空： except, besides, except for, apart fromWe all passed the exam except/apart_from Mike, because he hadnt studied hard.We passed the exam besides/apart_from Mike, we were cheerf
21、ul.He is a good man except_for/apart_from a little pride.Its too late to go out new. Besides,_its beginning to rain.2完成句子除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得不错。Your composition is well done apart_from/except_for a few spelling mistakes.除了价格太贵，这帽子也不适合我。Besides_the_expensive_price,_the hat doesnt suit me.考点2answer for 对(
22、不良后果)负责任；担保，保证；代表意见教材原句Hunters in general have a lot to answer for in terms of endangered animals.一般来说，关于濒危动物，猎人要负很大的责任。Youll have to answer for your violent behaviour in court.你得对自己在法庭上的暴力行为承担责任。answer to sb. (for sth.)(因某事)向某人负责answer back 顶嘴，反驳in answer to . 作为对的回答make no answer 不作答，不回答All sales
23、clerks answer to the store manager.所有的售货员都向商店经理负责。The doctor came at once in answer to my telephone call.医生接了我的电话后立即就来了。1介、副词填空The government has a lot to answer for the rising house prices.Ill answer for the truth of what he has said.Dont answer back your mother.All managers answer to the boss.2完成句
24、子教师应对学生在学校旅行期间的不良行为负责。Teachers_must_answer_for their students disgusting behaviour on the school trip. 当父母批评我们时，我们不应顶嘴。We_should_not_answer_back when criticized by our parents.考点3seize vt.依法没收，扣押；抓住/获；夺取，攻占；理解教材原句Every year police seize bags of tiger parts and arrest illegal hunters but sadly, many
25、never get caught.警方每年都会缴获大量的虎制品，逮捕非法的狩猎者，不幸的是，很多未被抓到。A large quantity of drugs were_seized (seize) at the airport.大量的毒品在机场被没收。They seized the enemys airport in a surprising attack.他们突袭而占领敌人的机场。seize power夺权seize hold of 抓住，握住be seized with/by 受到侵袭；得疾病seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会Dont hesitate,
26、seizethe first opportunity that comes along!不要犹豫，一有机会就抓住它！1写出下列句子中seize及相关短语的汉语意思The enemy seized the city.攻占I cant quite seize your meaning.理解If you dont pay your debt, your property will be seized.没收The child was seized with an illness.侵袭2完成句子The police seized_many_websites (查封了许多网站)You should sei
27、ze_the_good_opportunity (抓住这次好机会) and go abroad for further education.考点4call for an end to sth.要求结束教材原句To save these beautiful animals, we need to call for an end to illegal hunting and .为了拯救这些漂亮的动物，我们需要要求结束非法捕猎并且A rally was held to call for an end to the civil war.人们举行集会要求结束内战。The public are calli
28、ng_for_an_end_to_ air pollution.公众呼吁结束空气污染。call for需要；要求；去请/接某人call at 拜访(某个地方)call in 打电话来；召来(服务)；召回，收回call on 号召；拜访(某人)；请求call off 取消；把叫走call up (给某人)打电话；使回忆起The meeting has been called off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，会议取消了。The UN has called on both sides to observe the ceasefire.联合国已要求双方遵守停
29、火协议。1介、副词填空Its the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration.As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called up scenes of my childhood.I called on Dick yesterday.Why was the meeting called off?The meeting was organized so badly that some people
30、 present called for an end to it.2完成句子目前的形势需要立即采取行动。The present situation calls_for immediate action.现在不用匆匆忙忙的了，比赛已经取消了。Theres no rush now the game has been called_off.考点5on ones behalf/on behalf of sb.代表某人；为了某人教材原句We need to speak out on their behalf before they disappear for good.在这些动物永久地消失之前，我们应该
31、替它们呼吁。They gave us a welcome on the headmasters behalf. 他们代表校长欢迎我们。Im glad to speak here on behalf of my class.很高兴代表我班在此演讲。in behalf of/in sbs behalf on behalf of/on ones behalf为帮助某人；代表某人的利益We collected money in behalf of the homeless.我们为帮助无家可归者而募捐。辨析比较represent 用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑
32、等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”on behalf of 常用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”1选词填空：represent, on behalf of, stand forA lawyer speaks on_behalf_of his client.The dove represents peace, as we all know.P.O. stands_for post office or postal order.2句型转换Im making a study on behalf of my school
33、about global warming.Im making a study in_ behalf_ of my school about global warming.They also write letters of recommendation on students behalf.They also write letters of recommendation in_ studentsbehalf.考点6carry off掠去，夺去；获得，夺得(奖品等)教材原句Because the alligators live in holes that damage the farmland
34、 and sometimes carry off farm animals.因为短吻鳄住在洞穴里会破坏农田并且有时会掠去农场动物。Thieves carried off the farmers sheep during the night.晚上，小偷把农民的羊掠走了。carry on (with/doing)继续(做)carry back 拿回；使回想carry out 实施；执行carry away 带走；冲走carry through 达成(目的)；使某人渡过(难关、困难、危机)He carried on doing the same experiment.他不停地进行同一试验。Exten
35、sive tests have been carried out on the patient.已对患者进行了全面检查。1介、副词填空The lion carried off the baby when the mother was cooking in the kitchen.They carried on the discussion late into the night.Their courage carried them through.Its a good idea. But whos going to carry out the plan?I think Tom and Grey
36、 will.2完成句子她的自信使她渡过了难关。Her confidence carried_her_through_the_difficulties.我们继续唱歌，好像什么也没发生过一样。We all carried_on_singing as if nothing had happened.考点7turn on 向进攻，攻击，袭击；开(收音机等)；使感兴趣，吸引；取决于教材原句Nature is turning on us大自然正在报复我们turn off关掉turn up 调高；出现；到来turn down 调低；拒绝turn in 转身进入；交上turn out 结果是，证明是；制造，生
37、产；出席，在场turn over 翻过；翻转turn to 转向；求助于turn away 拒绝Have you all turned in your homework?你们全都交了家庭作业吗？I asked for his help, but he turned me down.我请求他的帮助，但他拒绝了我。1写出下列句子中turn on的汉语意思The frightened snake turned on its master.攻击Please turn on the TV set.开(收音机等)Rock music really turns me on.吸引The success of
38、the picnic turns on the weather.取决于2用turn相关短语的适当形式填空Please turn_off the computer after you use it.She turned_on the radio and listened to the music on it.Could you please turn_down the TV a little? Its too noisy.As he broke the rule of the factory, he was turned_away.We can turn_to our teacher for a
39、dvice.考点8result in 导致教材原句A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.有些国家已经因为水的问题而发生武装冲突，美国西部的降水量减少已经导致多起森林大火。Acting before thinking always results in failure.做事不考虑总会导致失败。result from因而造成as a result o
40、f 作为的结果；因为as a result 结果The terrible accident resulted from his careless driving.那桩可怕的事故是因为他的粗心驾驶造成的。As a result of the pilots strike, all of the flights have had to be cancelled.由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。巧学助记原因result in结果结果result from原因Many illnesses result_from lack of exercise.许多疾病是由缺乏锻炼引起的。Lack of exer
41、cise results_in many illnesses.缺乏锻炼会引发许多疾病。1选词填空： as a result of, result from, result inThe flood has resulted_in thousands of deaths.His stomachache resulted_from his eating too much.He was late as_a_result_of the rain.2句型转换As a result of the gas explosion, three people died.The gas explosion resul
42、ted_ in three deaths.Three deaths resultedfrom the gas explosion.考点9means n. C 方法，手段；工具(单复数同形)教材原句People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.没有其他谋生方式的农耕区的人们涌向城市，然后用他
43、们在贫瘠的土地上所能发现的任何材料来建造破烂的屋舍。Radio and television are important means of communication.无线电和电视是重要的通讯手段。by means of用/以方法by all means 务必，一定；当然可以by no means 决不，一点儿也不by this means 用这种方法We express our thought by means of words.我们用词句来表达思想。Could I stay a little longer?By all means.我可以多待一会儿吗？当然可以。名师点津(1)means“方
44、法，方式，手段”，其单复数同形。当means作主语且由every, each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；由some, several, many, few等表示复数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)当“by no means”位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。By no means can_we give up halfway.我们决不能半途而废。辨析比较单词搭配含义way前面用in；后接to do或of doing普通用词，可指一般的方法methodwith the method of有条理、系统的方法meansby means of手段或途径approachthe approa
45、ch to指从事某事的特别方法、途径Can you tell me the way to_solve (solve) the problem?你能告诉我解决这一问题的方法吗？She adopted a new approach to English learning.她采用了一种新的英语学习的方法。1选词填空：way, method, means, approachWe can work out the problem by this means. We can work out the problem in this way. We can work out the problem with
46、 this method.We have found a new approach to this problem.2用means的相关短语填空By_no_means will they give in to us.She could not speak, but made her wishes known by_means_of signs.By_all_means I must visit my sick friend.考点10earn ones living 谋生 ( earn a living)经典例句It is honorable to earn our living with ou
47、r hands.靠我们的双手(劳动)养活我们自己是光荣的。Its easier to earn_a_living in big cities.在大城市谋生更容易些。make ones living make a living谋生make a life 过某种生活；习惯于某种新的生活方式We get to make a living; we give to others to make a life.得到是为了生存，给予才是生活的本质。名师点津earn ones living中，即使ones为多人，living也依然用单数形式。1完成句子他以教书为生。He earns/makes_his_liv
48、ing by teaching.很多农民工发现在大城市里谋生很困难。Many farmer workers find it hard to_earn/make_their_living in big cities.2翻译句子The secret to happiness is to make a life about giving.幸福的秘诀就是在生命中为他人作出奉献。当小孩长大后，他开始自己谋生。After_a_child_grows_up,_he_starts_to_make_his_own_living.1This makes_your_notes_easier_to_read when
49、 you look at them later.这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。(1)make your notes easier to read为“make名词形容词”组成的复合结构。He would try to make himself more important in the business.他将会极力使自己在这桩生意中显得更加重要。(2)“make宾语宾语补足语”结构该句型中的make是使役动词，意为“使做某事，使成为，使怎么样”，有以下几种构成形式：The boss made them work day and night.老板迫使他们日夜工作。His parents m
50、anaged to make him examined (examine) in the hospital.他的父母设法让他在医院进行了检查。Experience will make him a man.经历会使他成为一个堂堂男子汉。He turned me down, which made me at a loss.他拒绝了我，这让我不知所措。名师点津make后接名词作宾补时，若作宾补的名词是独一无二的职位，如president, chairman, monitor, headmaster, manager, head, captain等，则该名词前不用任何冠词。We make Li Lei
51、 monitor in our class.我们推举李雷当我们的班长。1单句语法填空Can you make yourself understood (understand) in Russian?Nothing will make me change (change) my mind.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to_break (break) into small pieces.2. 单句改错We made him the captain of our football team.去掉
52、theOur teacher often makes us feeling confident.feelingfeelHe couldnt make himself hear above the noise of the traffic.hearheard2The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大面积地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。(1)句中the last few years作
53、主语，see作谓语，意为“经历；目睹”，这种拟人修辞手法使表达既简练又生动。The twentieth century saw two world wars.20世纪目睹了两次世界大战。(2)拟人修辞手法把事物人格化，使本来不具备人的动作和感情的一些动物、植物变得像人一样能说能笑。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子中，主语通常是表示时间、地点或心爱之物(如车、船等)的名词，谓语动词常为see, witness, find等。The National Day of 2016 witnessed so many traffic jams on the express way.2016年的国庆节见证了高速
54、路上大量的拥堵事件。1完成句子过去的30年见证了中国的迅速发展。The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seen the rapid development of China.天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。The two stone lions standing in front of Tiananmen saw/witnessedmanygreathistoricevents .2句式升级自改革开放以来，我们家乡发生了巨大变化。Great changes have_taken_place_in_our_hometown since the refor
55、m and opening policies started.用拟人修辞手法改写句Our hometown has_seen/witnessed_great_changes_ since the reform and opening policies started.3Atlantic hurricanes their howling winds with speeds of over 300 kilometres an hour are 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago.大西洋飓风它们咆哮的风速超过每小时300公里现在比三十年前的强度增
56、加了40%。(1)句中40% stronger now than为倍数表达法。We increased 20% as many products as last year.我们的产量比去年提高了百分之二十。(2)表示倍数的句型倍数/分数/百分数比较级than表示“是的多少倍/几分之几/百分之几”The hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅是我们教室的五倍大。My income is only half more than yours.我的收入仅是你收入的一半。倍数/分数/百分数as形容词原级as表示“是的多少倍/几分之几/百分之几”
57、The big box is four times as heavy as the small one.大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。I spent on English just two_thirds_as_much_time_as you did.我花在英语上的时间仅是你的三分之二。倍数/分数/百分数the size/length/width/height/weight of表示“是的多少倍/几分之几/百分之几”。This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。This tree is twice/double_the_h
58、eight_of that one.这棵树是那棵树的两倍高。名师点津表示两倍用twice或double；表示三倍或三倍以上用times。1完成句子这座新房子比旧房子大两倍。The new house is twice_bigger_than the old one. 地球是月球的49倍大。The earth is fortynine_times_as_large_as the moon.2. 一句多译这条河是那条河的三倍长。This river is three_times_longer_than_that_one.This river is three_times_as_long_as_th
59、at_one.This river is three_times_the_length_of_that_one.对应学生课下能力提升(二).选词填空apart from, earn ones living, result in, or else, for good, wrap .up, all in all, carry on, on sb.s behalf, call for an end to .1The poor boy had to earn_his_living by begging.2Stress and tiredness result_in a lack of concentr
60、ation.3All_in_all,_it was a great success in the film industry.4I expect that our friendship will last for_good.5Dont go to any trouble on_my_behalf.6She wrapped it up as quickly as possible.7You must study hard, or_else you will fail in the exam. 8The team leader called_for_an_end_to_ the match.9It
61、s impossible to carry_on a conversation with all these noises going on outside the house.10Its a good composition, apart_from a few spelling mistakes.单句改错1Dont always eat hamburgers and else youll get fat.andor2He will give up smoking for well.wellgood3I had to call for the end to the game when it s
62、uddenly rained.第一个thean4He has his faults, but, in all, he is honest.in前加all.完成句子1如果你坚持那样，你要对后果负责。If you stick to that, you shall answer_for_the_consequences.2这么多孩子又说又笑，房间里充满了生机。With_so_many_children_laughing_and_talking,_the room was lively.3你决不能告诉他这个秘密。By no means will_you_tell_him the news.4我们的学校
63、最近几年发生了许多巨大变化。Our school has_seen_many_great_changes_in the last few years. 5黄昏时，一个小男孩在街上哭。The dusk saw_a_little_boy_crying in the street.阅读理解You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature. But, rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first
64、 evacuation (撤离) of an island nation the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century, sea level rose 812 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government off
65、icial, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with t
66、he United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom
67、of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea lev
68、els. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”语篇解读：这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。1The text is mainly about _.Arapid changes in earths temperatureBbad effects of global warmingCmoving off a country to a new pla
69、ceDreasons for lowland flooding解析：选B主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。2According to scientists, the direct cause of more and fiercer storms is _.Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段“Many
70、scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可判断出，造成严重暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。3Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not _.Aagree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsBsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow
71、Tuvaluans to move to the USDbelieve the problems facing Tuvalu were real解析：选A细节理解题。由第四段第一句话表明，Laupepa 对美国表示不满的原因是美国拒绝签署减少温室效应气体排放的公约。4The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is _.AAustraliaBNew ZealandCthe Maldives Dthe United States解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段可判断出，the Maldives 与 Tuvalu 的情况相似。
72、.任务型阅读 For many years theres been a debate about rewarding our children.Does it work？Is it effective？1._To use rewards, we establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard. 2._ However, its used when certain standards of performance, behavior, etc.have not been me
73、t.The problem here is not that rewards and punishments dont have immediate results.They often do have quick results.Kids often will become more obedient when threatened with punishment, and work hard when promised a valuable reward. 3._To develop responsible, selfdisciplined kids, parents need to pr
74、omote certain ideas.One of these ideas is that everyone participates and helps in your family, even if youre not crazy about helping. 4._ When a task is for a worthy cause (our family can enjoy the house more because I help clean it), and when parents are cheerful about their chores (家庭杂务), this mes
75、sage can have a big impact (影响)This is how we help our kids develop an intrinsic (内在的) sense of responsibility.When our children develop this responsibility, theyll be more disciplined, and theyll control their emotions better.When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce this intrinsic (内在的) sense of
76、 responsibility.We also raise children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who arent likely to continue the performance without the carrot lying in front of them. 5._ So keep those shiny carrots to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.AAgreement has been reached on t
77、his debate.BIf so, what kind of rewards should be used?CPunishment is given out in much the same way.DThese kinds of values must come from inside them.EBut the problem is what happens when you arent around.FWhatever they do, the most important is that they know the results.GAnother idea is that ther
78、e can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so.答案：15BCEGD.短文改错 Theres an old man in our village calling Old Joe, who said to be 110 years old.This cant be proved though he doesnt have a birth certificate.All his personal papers destroyed during World War .I dont know that he is real
79、ly so old, and it doesnt matter.He certain looks very old.Of course, he is often asked question by people who want to be told the secret of long life.Old Joe always answered them like this：“If you are offered cigarette, never accept it; if you are annoyed by someone, never lose your temper; and if you are asked foolish questions, never answer them.” 答案：第一句：callingcalled; who后加is第二句：thoughbecause/as第三句：papers后加were第四句：thatif或whether; andbut第五句：certaincertainly第六句：questionquestions第七句：answeredanswers; offered后加a
