1、Starting around 4000BC., traditional Chinese brushpainting has developed continuously over a period ofmorethan six thousand years. Its growth has reflected the changes of time.During the 1st century AD., the art of painting religious morals gradually gained in prominence (明显；突出), with the introducti
2、on of Buddhism to China and the consequent building of temples. However, the subject later expanded beyond religious themes. For example, paintings of historical characters and stories of everyday life became extremely popular. By the 4th century, this particular type of painting had already establi
3、shed itself as an independent form of expression. It then gradually developedinto two separate styles including a genre (艺术风格) commonly found in Chinese brush painting flowerandbird painting. Agreat many artists in the 9th century painted in this genre and their subjects included a rich variety of f
4、lowers, fruits, birds, insects, and fish. Since the turn of the 20th century, painters have often mixedseveral colors on one brush or mixed their colors with black inks, whichis similar to the western painting skill. As a result, they have obtained more natural and richly varied colors. Such techniq
5、ues have been widely adopted and further developed in the contemporary period.Section_Warming Up & Reading PrereadingA SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTINGArt is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of West
6、ern art， it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently， this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.The Middle Ages (5th to 15th century AD)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious the
7、mes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th centurywhen painte
8、rs like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.faith/feI/n.信任；信心；信念faithfully/feIflI/adv.忠实地as引导原因状语从句。consequently/knsIkwntlI/adv.因而；所以现在分词短语starting from .在句中作定语，修饰ones。the Middle Ages中世纪aim/eIm/n.目标；目的 vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力conventional/knvennl/adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的typi
9、cal/tIpIkl/adj.典型的；有代表性的evident/evIdnt/adj.明显的；明白的It is/was evident that .“显然”，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。Giotto di Bondone/dt dIbndn/乔托(意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师)西方绘画艺术简史艺术受一个民族的生活习俗和信仰影响。西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能去全面的描述它们。因此，本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种(艺术风格)。中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)在中世纪，画家的主要目的是表现宗教主题。这个时期传统的艺术家无意
10、于如实地展现自然和人物。这个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的敬重与爱戴之情。但是，很显然在13世纪时，(人们的)思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始用一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a
11、more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid fam
12、ous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his painting
13、s, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence， oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paint
14、ings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.renaissance/rIneIsns; USrensns/n.新生；复兴；复活the Renaissance文艺复兴(时期)adopt/dpt/vt.采用；采纳；收养humanistic/hjumnIstIk/adj.人道主义的possess/pzes/vt.拥有；具有
15、；支配superb/supb；sjupb/adj.卓越的；杰出的；极好的possession/pzen/n.(尤作复数)所有；财产as well as 既又；也，连接两个并列成分。perspective/pspektIv/n.透视画法；透视图；观点technique/teknik/n.技术；方法；技能Masaccio/mstI/马萨乔(意大利画家)If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been .是含有虚拟语气的复合句，表示与过去事实相反的情况。coincidence/kInsIdns/n.
16、巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合by coincidence 巧合地masterpiece/mstpis/n.杰作；名著这里without引导的介词短语表述非真实条件，整个句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。for which .是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪提出的那些。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而且采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品以便用来装饰他们的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和财物，以及
17、他们的活动和成就。在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，他们还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画中使用的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能够看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great de
18、al， from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of pa
19、inting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickl
20、y. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.impressionism/ImprenIzm/n.印象主义；印象派impressionist/ImprenIst/adj.印象派的
21、n.印象派艺术家postimpressionistadj.后印象派的n.后印象派艺术家a great deal 大量break away from 脱离介词短语Among the painters位于句首，句子用完全倒装语序。动词不定式短语to work outdoors作定语，修饰the first painters。当中心词被the first/last等修饰时，通常用动词不定式(短语)作定语。shadow/d/n.阴影；影子句子Their paintings were .中包含not as . as句式，表示“不如”，those指代前面提到的复数名词paintings。ridiculou
22、s/rIdIkjls/adj.荒谬的；可笑的印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁到了新城市。有着许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。印象派画家是第一批室外写生的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，许多人都不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家漫不经心、粗枝大叶，而他们的作
23、品是荒谬可笑的。Modern Art (20th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial， but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There ar
24、e scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object
25、, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand， some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future？controversial/kntrvl/adj.争论的；争议的what引导的从句作介词of的宾语。what w
26、e call译为“我们所说的；所谓的”。This is because .这是因为(because后跟原因)This is why .这就是为什么(why后跟结果)attempt/tempt/n.努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图on the other hand(可是)另一方面so . that“如此以至于”，在此引导结果状语从句。predict/prIdIkt/vt.预言；预告；预测现代艺术(20世纪至今)在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在争议的。但是如今它们已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用崭新的方式去看待他们的环境。现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如
27、果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。(而)另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，它们看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格呢？PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1faithAsth. you hope to achieve by doing sth.2typical Ba strong feeling of
28、trust or confidence in someone or sth.3aim Cthe dark shape that someone or something makes on a surface4possession Dhaving the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thing5shadow Esth. that you own or have with you at a particular time6superb Fbased on general ideas rather than specifi
29、c examples7abstract Ghave possession of8possess Hexcellent; splendid15_68_答案：15BDAEC68HFGLeadinWhat is art? Can you list some forms of art?答案：(1)painting(2)paper cutting(3)sculpture(4)architecture(5)danceWhilereadingFastreadingSkim the text and choose the best answers.1What does the text mainly tell
30、 us?AHow religious paintings developed.BHow oil paintings developed.CHow Impressionist paintings developed.DHow Western art developed.2In what way is the passage developed?ABy time.BBy space.CBy comparison. DBy contrast.答案：1.D2.ACarefulreadingRead the text and choose the best answers.1Which of the f
31、ollowing statements is TRUE?APaintings in the Middle Ages were very realistic.BWestern art has changed a lot since the 5th century.CThe Impressionist paintings were painted mainly indoors.DModern art began in the Renaissance.2At first most people hated the Impressionists style of painting, because _
32、.Atheir paintings were very abstractBtheir paintings were very realisticCthey broke away from the traditional style of paintingDtheir paintings were very ridiculous3In the Renaissance, painters _.Apainted religious scenes in a more realistic styleBfocused more on religion than on humansCbegan to pai
33、nt outdoorsDreturned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art4_ discovered how to make paintings look more real by using perspective.AGiotto di Bondone BMasaccioCClaude Monet DPablo Picasso5According to the passage, art is influenced less likely by _.Aagriculture Bfaith of a people Csocial chang
34、es Dthe customs答案：15BCDBAStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.句式分析尝试翻译但是，很显然在13世纪时，(人们的)思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始用一种比较
35、现实的风格来画宗教场景。2By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.句式分析本句是主从复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容；从句中made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper是“make宾语宾补”结构，宾补是不带to的不定式短语；过去分词短语used in paintings作后置定语，修饰co
36、lours。尝试翻译巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画中使用的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。3Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.句式分析本句的主干是Among the painters were the Impressionists，介词短语Among the painters位于句首，引起全部倒装。句中的两个who引导的定语从句分别修饰先行词the painter
37、s和the Impressionists。尝试翻译在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。4At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”句式分析 尝试翻译在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在争议的。但是如今它们已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。5On the one hand, some modern
38、art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.句式分析that is为插入语；as we see them with our eyes为方式状语从句；using colour, line and shape to repres
39、ent them为现在分词短语作方式状语。尝试翻译一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。.阅读理解AMany parents wonder why their children should study art. To some, art is nice but useless. They consider it unnecessary to human existence. To others, art is important and meets some human need
40、s that cant be met any other way.So what is the purpose of art?The earliest art cave drawings and the like certainly had some important purposes. This type of art was a record of events, a means of sharing stories, and a way to pass on information. People created primitive (原始的) art to show the worl
41、d around them pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of daily life, especially hunting.In recent centuries, art has become more complicated. The spoken and written words have become our major means of communication, so art can be more than just a chronicle of historic
42、events or a way to share stories, although it still can be those things as well.Through art, artists share their feelings in a way that brings on something from the viewers. The feelings one experiences when viewing art may be pleasing or not. The artist is trying to express something; its up to you
43、 to figure out what that is. Art is a conversation between you and the artist; they put themselves into their work, and you bring yourself to your explanation of it. Because of the feelings that art can bring on feelings that usually cannot be brought on by other means art is necessary to human exis
44、tence. Art meets our needs for selfexpression, communication, and our desire for connection with other humans across centuries and cultures.Now, we can conclude that art is very important. Since it is important, kids should learn it.1What do we know about the primitive art?AIt didnt have any importa
45、nt purposes.BIt was mainly about peoples daily life.CIt was created mainly to entertain people.DIt was meant to help people understand the world.解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段的“People created primitive (原始的) art to show the world around them pictures were usually of animals, birds, plants, and humans in scenes of
46、daily life, especially hunting.”可知，艺术一开始主要是关于人们的日常生活的。2What does the underlined word “chronicle” in Paragraph 4 mean?ATool. BMirror.CGuide. DRecord.解析：选D词义猜测题。第三段说艺术一开始主要是用来记录生活的，第四段指出后来艺术变得更为复杂了，不再仅仅是对历史事件的“记录”了。3Paragraph 5 mainly shows arts use of _.Amaking a living Bexplaining problemsCexchangin
47、g feelings Dstoring information解析：选C段落大意题。第五段主要说明艺术的情感交流的作用。4The text is meant to show that _.Akids love art for a reasonBchildren should study artCart is very important to humansDart is used for different purposes解析：选B主旨大意题。由第一段的“Many parents wonder why their children should study art.”和最后一段可知，作者主要
48、通过阐述艺术的重要性来表明小孩需要学习艺术。BLife can sometimes seem like an endless series of exhibitions. For those of us involved in the art world, there are times when were constantly visiting gallery (画廊) after gallery, taking in as much as possible and getting to know the works of artists from far and wide. But the
49、re are some artists whose works consistently stand out. Some artists works stay in the thought and heart of an audience long after the show is over. Ive noticed over the years that these are often the artists who have understood fully the skill of telling the story behind their art. These artists ar
50、ent just selling paintings theyre selling an experience.Roxanna Kibsey is one of these artists. Her paintings are often exact description of frozen tundra (冻原) or autumn trees so bright that they could nearly burn a hole in the canvas. When I met her at an exhibition she couldnt wait to tell me abou
51、t the place in her paintings. “Where I grew up we had nine months of winter every year. Its really quite a tough place，” she said. She relived a part of her childhood when we chatted in front of her painting. The image brought to my mind memories of driving through the snowcovered countryside during
52、 my own first winter in Canada. I could almost hear the crunching ice under my feet as she described to me the countryside she grew up in.Businessmen may have their elevator_pitch,_but artists, too, need their 30second story which rolls freely off the tongue. Thats why its so important that for each
53、 piece you might be exhibiting, you can conjure up (唤起) a story behind it, and tell that story to your audience in a way that helps them connect with your work, and makes them want to buy a piece.语篇解读：作者通过自己跟一位画家的接触以及对她作品的描述来告诉我们什么样的画家才会打动我们，感染我们。5What kind of artists does the author like?AThose who
54、 have great skills.BThose who have held many exhibitions.CThose who paint scenes of their own home towns.DThose who tell their experience through their paintings.解析：选D细节理解题。由第一段的“These artists arent just selling paintings theyre selling an experience.”可知，作者认为能够打动观众、给观众以深刻印象的是那些能够通过自己的画作描述自己的经历的画家。6T
55、hrough Roxanna Kibseys painting, the author _.Ahad a beautiful imaginationBthought of a serious questionCbrought back his own memoryDthought of his own home town解析：选C细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知，作者看着Roxanna Kibsey的画作，听着她的讲述，不禁联想到自己第一次在加拿大过冬时的情景。7We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _.AKibseys work reflects her ow
56、n lifeBKibsey had an unhappy childhoodCKibsey doesnt like her home townDKibseys home town is beautiful in winter解析：选A推理判断题。由第二段可知，Roxanna Kibsey的画作描述了画家家乡冬天一片肃杀的景象，反映了她的童年生活。8What does the underlined part “elevator pitch” probably refer to?AA sales introduction.BA wise choice.CA small mistake.DA mod
57、ern tool.解析：选A词义猜测题。分析最后一段，商人的“elevatorpitch”就等同于画家的“30second story”，是一种“产品推介”，用来吸引买家。CTabloids (小报) are newspapers that usually report news about people. However, the stories often leave readers wondering, “Could this really be true？” Read the following stories from the hottest tabloids in town.Bra
58、silia, BrazilAfter Gilberto Carvalho a milliondollar lottery (彩票) winner told reporters that his luck had come from a particular fish in a park pond, more than 200 other Brazilians spoke up with similar stories. They had touched this fish and soon after had won a prize! Although this “magic fish” is
59、 being studied and offlimits to the public, many people have won money simply by touching its picture.Cleveland, Ohio, US. Bruce Zalmer, 32, is fireproof. His skin can withstand (禁得住) flames without pain or damage. And his lungs (肺) can take in oxygen from smoky air. Medical scientists are amazed th
60、at a human could have either of these qualities, let alone both. Although Zalmer sees himself as “just a regular guy”， he once saved a family of four from a burning building after firefighters had given up hope.Nakurn, KenyaAs tourists in a bus looked on in amazement, a spaceship caught 11 elephants
61、 from a wildlife park. The bus driver had stopped at a watering hole and the tourists were watching the elephants when a huge spaceship appeared. The ship shot down a powerful beam of orange light that sucked up (吸走) the elephants and then flew off. Park officials confirmed that 11 fullgrown elephan
62、ts had disappeared.Monterrey, Mexico Doctors say that hundreds of people who had been old and sick became young and healthy again by drinking from a water fountain (喷泉) in a public park. Park officials removed the fountain because crowds were becoming a danger. Yet the people who had drunk its water
63、 remained young and healthy and made others young and healthy, too, simply by hugging them!9In Brasilia, its said that there is a magic fish that _.Abrings people good luckBknows how to win prizesCcan communicate with humansDcan recognize different types of money解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一个故事中描述的“They had touch
64、ed this fish and soon after had won a prize！”和“many people have won money simply by touching its picture”可知，这条神奇的鱼可以带给人们好运气。10Which of the following can best describe Bruce Zalmer?ASmart. BBrave.CDangerous. DFarsighted.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二个故事中描述的“he once saved a family of four from a burning building aft
65、er firefighters had given up hope”可知，在危难中挽救他人生命的Bruce Zalmer很勇敢。11All the stories mentioned in the text are _.Areasonable BfrighteningCencouraging Dunbelievable解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段的“the stories often leave readers wondering, Could this really be true？”以及下文对四个故事的描述可知，这些故事都很不可思议。.阅读七选五ExerciseExercise is
66、a way of keeping the body healthy through being active. Another name for exercise is physical fitness. Most people exercise in their spare time. Sports are some of the most popular ways to get exercise.The two main kinds of exercise are aerobic exercise (有氧运动) and anaerobic exercise (无氧运动). Sports s
67、uch as football and basketball are great forms of exercise. _1_Aerobic exercise is energetic movement that lasts for a certain period of time. _2_ The lungs and the heart work harder to bring in extra oxygen. Swimming, cycling, running and rapid walking are good examples of aerobic exercise.Anaerobi
68、c exercise is a powerful burst of movement followed by a period of rest. During anaerobic exercise the muscles need more energy than the body can make with its supply of oxygen. After the exercise a person feels out of breath because the muscles have worked without oxygen. _3_Exercise affects every
69、part of the body in positive ways. It improves balance and coordination (协调). _4_ Exercise strengthens the heart and increases the lungs ability to take in oxygen. Through exercise the bones and muscles get stronger, and the whole body becomes healthy and strong._5_ People who exercise generally hav
70、e a more positive, happy attitude.AThis is because they combine both of these types.BFrequent and regular exercise helps prevent diseases.CExercise also gives people a greater feeling of wellbeing.DIt also improves posture, or the resting position of the body.EWeight lifting, jumping, and golfing ar
71、e all types of anaerobic exercise.FPhysical exercise can contribute positively to keeping a healthy weight.GDuring aerobic exercise the body combines oxygen with sugar to get more energy.1选A由本段中的aerobic exercise和anaerobic exercise以及该空前的“Sports such as football and basketball are great forms of exerc
72、ise.”可知，A项内容“这是因为它们结合了这两种运动”符合此处语境。2选G由该空后的“The lungs and the heart work harder to bring in extra oxygen.”可知，设空处指在有氧运动中，人的身体会把氧气和糖分结合起来获取更多的能量。3选E由前段中的“Swimming, cycling, running and rapid walking are good examples of aerobic exercise.”以及本段对无氧运动的介绍可知，此处应该列举无氧运动的例子。4选D由本段中的“affects . in positive ways”及“It improves balance and coordination (协调)”等信息可知，设空处描述运动给人带来的积极影响，D项符合此处语境。5选C由该空后的“People who exercise . positive, happy attitude.”可知，设空处指运动给人带来幸福感，故选C项。
