1、1.名词的单、复数;2.可数与不可数名词的转换；3.名词作定语；4.名词的搭配;5.名词辨析；高考考点分析：Brief Revision of Noun1可数名词和不可数名词2名词所有格3名词在句子中的作用4高考焦点名词:表示人或者事物名称的词3.名词的分类名词普通名词可数名词个体名词 computer电脑,president总统集体名词 audience观众,police警察不可数物质名词 chalk 粉笔,money 钱抽象名词 anger愤怒,fun乐趣专有名词Tom汤姆,China中国,The European Union欧盟 How many _ does a cow have?Fo
2、ur.They will store food until their _ need it.Astomaches,bodies Bstomachs,bodys Cstomachs,bodies Dstomaches,bodys问题 1：How many _ does a cow have?Four.They will store food until their _ need it.Astomaches,bodies Bstomachs,bodysCstomachs,bodies Dstomaches,bodys问题 1：常考的不可数名词：fun advice weather progress
3、 information bread butter baggage/luggage equipment furniture homeworkluck music practice wealth health word wood glass English America work jewellery 1.可数名词的复数 2.单复数同形的名词 3.常以复数出现的名词 4.常被当作可数名词的不可数名词 5.修饰可数名词的词 6.修饰不可数名词的词 7.能修饰可数和不可数名词的词 8.可数名词和不可数名词之间的转换一.可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词的复数给出下列名词的复数形式policeman c
4、hild ox mouse tooth goose foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquitopolicemen childrenoxenmiceteeth geesefeet potatoes heroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabies monkeysbranches thievesmosquitoesdingoes watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-betw
5、een grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-ontouch-me-not forget-me-notwatches ladiesfoxesfliesbrushestomatoesincheshalveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirl friendssisters-in-lawmen servantslookers-on合成词单数变复数的规则：1.man-doctormen-doctors woman-teacherwomen-teachers 2.go
6、-betweens touch-me-nots forget-me-nots grown-ups fathers-in-law brides-to-be passers-by lookers-on look-outs editors-in-chief film-goers wrong-doers fault-finders一、完成句子根据汉语提示,完成下列句子。1.Two _(月)ago，three _(英雄)caught four _(小偷).They made them plant some _(土豆)and _(竹子)in two _(动物园).They also made their
7、_(妻子们)return the four big _(箱子)with some precious _(照片)and _(刷子)in them.灵活运用brushesmonthsheroesthievespotatoesbambooszooswivesboxesphotos2.Two _(主编)，three _(男教师)and five _(女医生),together with their _(孩子们)，went to the market.They decided to buy two _(绵羊),three _(鹿)，four _(公牛)，five _(鹅)and six white _(
8、老鼠)with three _(脚)and six _(牙齿).teetheditors-in-chiefmen teacherswomen doctorschildrensheepdeeroxengeesemicefeetThe _ of the building are coveredwith lots of _.Aroofs;leaves Brooves;leafsCroof;leaf Droofs;leafs问题 2：half halvesknife knivesleaf leaveswolf wolveswife wives以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a.加 s，如：ser
9、f serfs belief beliefsroof roofs chief chiefssafe safes gulf gulfsb.去 f,fe 加 ves，如:2.单复数同形的名词 当 sheep;deer;fish 表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加-s 或-es。复数同形的名词有：deer，sheep，fish，head(几头)Chinese，Japanese，Swissworks，means，series，speciesfruit jin li yuanpeople cattlecrossroads offspringspacecraft meansWhen the
10、farmer returned home hefound three _ missing while thetwo _ were still there.Asheeps,fish Bsheep,fishesCsheep,fish Dsheeps,fishesWhen the farmer returned home hefound three _ missing while thetwo _ were still there.Asheeps,fish Bsheep,fishesCsheep,fish Dsheeps,fishes问题 3：3.常以复数出现的名词clothes trousers
11、socks shorts gloves pants shoes scissors scales thanks congratulations surroundings belongings glasses4.常被吴当作可数名词的不可数名词progress advice funInformation (message)furniture workbaggage luggage news jewelry weather paper Equipment (facility)trouble knowledge homework5.单复数表示不同的含义fish-fishes fruit-fruitsfo
12、od-foods work-workswater-waters custom-customscontent-contents good-goodsiron-irons green-greensdamage-damages（赔偿金）air-airs（架子）put on/throw offpain-pains brain-brains(头脑 智能arm-arms look-looksSome _ visited our school lastWednesday and some _ will comenext week.AGermans,FrenchmansBGermen,FrenchmenCGe
13、rmans,FrenchmenDGermen,Frenchmans问题 4：Some _ visited our school lastWednesday and some _ will comenext week.AGermans,FrenchmansBGermen,FrenchmenCGermans,FrenchmenDGermen,Frenchmans问题 4：We have finally received the _ youdelivered,so Id like to express our_ to you.A.goods,thanks B.goods,thankC.good,th
14、anks D.good,thank问题 7：下列名词总是用复数形式 shake hands with sb.take measures/steps as follows（如下）give regards to take turns to do sth by turns hurt ones feelings(伤人感情）take notes.take pains(下功夫）have words within high/low spirits make preparations for握手采取措施如下问候轮流伤人感情做笔记下工夫吵架情绪高、差准备see sightsgo to the picturesw
15、orking conditionstravel expensescome to terms with be on good/bad terms with lazybonesbelongings surroundings congratulations ashes savingsoutskirts(市郊）earnings(薪水）观光去看电影工作条件路费接受，达成协议关系好、坏懒汉所属物品环境祝贺两部分构成的东西只能用复数形式:trousers pants shorts jeans tights scissors boots compasses scales glasses gloves sock
16、s slippers earphones主谓一致My trousers are new.This pair of trousers is new.These pairs of trousers are new.有的不可数名词和抽象名词前面加上不定冠词表示“一阵,一份，一件，一种，一场”等：a heavy raina famous tea a fine paper a brandy a great angera beauty a success/failure a surprise a pleasureHe gained his _ by printing _of famous writers.
17、A.wealth;work B.wealths;worksC.wealths;work D.wealth;works问题Many people agree that _ of Englishis a must in international trade today.A.a knowledge B.knowledgesC.knowledge D.the knowledge 问题 2：总是在一起使用的两个名词第二个名词前的冠词一定要省去：a knife and fork(一副刀叉）a watch and chain(一块带链的表a horse and cart(一辆马车）put the cart
18、 before the horse(本末倒置/黑白颠倒）bread and butter(奶油面包/生计）有一些名词可数与不可数意思不一样：单词 不可数可数 character 性格人物/角色 exercise 锻炼练习 word 消息字/话 will 意志遗嘱 relation 关系亲戚 youth 青春青年人 wonder 惊奇奇观/奇迹 necessity 必要性必需品 time 时间时代/次数/倍数 experience 经验经历 cloth 布（特殊用途的）布 paper纸论文/报纸/试卷名词的阴性和阳性：1）schoolgirl schoolboy girlfriend boyfr
19、iend salesgirl salesboy girlstudent boystudent 2)man-doctor woman-doctor 3)he-cat she-cat 4)male-elephant female-elephant 5)host-hostess waiter-waitress master-mistress headmaster-headmistress actor-actress6)bride-bridegroom widow-widower bull-cow hero-heroin ballerina-ballerino prince-princess neph
20、ew-niece四、名词的格：1.有生命的+s2.无生命的采用of短语3.表时间、地点、国家、天体的直接+s4.each others father-in-laws5.Jack and Toms room-Jacks and Toms rooms6.在表示店铺或者人家的名词后+s 1)at the doctors at the butchers at the tailors at the barbers2)at the Greens to my uncles7.双重所有格 the latest works of my fathers that dog of my friends a few b
21、ooks of mine8.其它所属关系 1）介词to表示所有关系the key to the doorthe secretary to the mayor the visitors to the Great Wall a journey to the moon2)介词for表所有关系a chair for visitors medicine for cough a gift for my mother films for adults3)介词with 表所有关系（具有某种特征）a girl with a round face a room with furniture a child wit
22、h big ears/a cup with a handle a man with glasses a book with a white cover五、no 短语1.no way 2.no trouble3.no problem 4.no wonder5.no doubt 6.no matter7.no entry 8.no photos9.no smoking 10.no parking11.no littering/no litter12.no talking 13.no fishing 14.no hurry 六、be of+n.句型1.表特性adj.=of+n.useful=be o
23、f use important_importance beneficial_benefit interesting_interest2.表同一性be of the same age/class/height be of different color1)very+adj.=be of great+n.2)be not+adj.=be of no+n.5.修饰可数名词的词 few,a few,many,a great/good many,a large number of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of quantities of 6.修饰不可数名词的词 little,a
24、little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of,a quantity of,quantities of lots of a lot of plenty of7.能修饰可数和不可数名词的词 lots of =a lot of plenty of quantities of =a quantity of8.可数名词和不可数名词之间的转换 _ is the best teacher.It is a week before he could tell his _.(experience)1._ is an instrument of communicatio
25、n.He can speak several _.(language)2.How did _ begin?They gave their _ for their country.(life)3.How is _?He has a _ in London.(business)ExperienceexperiencesLanguage languageslifelivesbusinessbusiness5.Where there is life,there is _.Parents have high _for their children.(hope)6.Several other women
26、expressed _.Im sorry you could not come to an _.(agreement)7.There is not much _on the bone.Many cold _ are too expensive for us to buy.(meat)8.I dont care for _.We asked for two _.(coffee)hopehopesagreementagreementmeatmeatscoffeecoffees翻译下列词或词组1.a paper 2.an iron 1.a wood 1.a beauty 2.a youth 3.an
27、 authority 4.room for improvement1.报纸2.熨斗3.一片树林4.美人5.青年人6.权威人士7.改进余地8.be in flower 9.go to church 10.be in hospital 11.a wonderful tea12.Two ice-creams,please.13.financial difficulties8.正在开花9.去做礼拜10.在住院11.一种极好的茶12.请来两份冰激凌13.经济困难英汉互译1.my sisters car 2.the editor-in-chiefs office 3.the girls sisters h
28、usbands father 4.workers rest home 5.childrens books 6.Professor Lis report 7.a birds-eye view1.我姐姐的车2.总编辑室3.这姑娘姐夫的父亲4.工人疗养院5.儿童读物6.李教授的报告7.鸟瞰图8.todays paper 9.ten minutes drive 10.governments policy 11.majoritys view12.citys busiest street 13.the hotels strange room 14.Saint Pauls 8.今天的报纸9.十分钟的车程10
29、.政府的政策11.大多数的意见12.城市最热闹的街道13.旅馆奇怪的房间14.圣保罗大教堂15.my aunts 16.a stationers 17.Toms and Marys desks 18.Tom and Marys desk 19.a car of Dr.Lis20.男女服装21.狗的牙齿15.我婶婶的家16.文具店17.Tom 和Mary 的桌子18.Tom 和Mary 的桌子19.李博士的车20.mens and womens clothes21.the dogs teeth22.女自行车23.儿童节24.药房25.博士学位26.一个星期的假27.十块钱的邮票28.肉铺29.面
30、包房30.理发店22.a womans bike23.Childrens Day24.the chemists25.Doctors degree26.a weeks holiday27.ten-dollars worth of stamps28.the butchers29.the bakers 30.the barbers31.李磊家32.她头发的颜色33.一张我妈妈的相片34.我的一个朋友35.I did it for friendships sake 36.She was at her wits end.31.Li Leis32.the colour of her hair33.a pi
31、cture of my mothers34.a friend of mine35.我是出于友谊而做这件事的.36.她已经江朗才尽.1.名词在句子中的作用2.名词作定语和形容词作定语不同3.名词作主语和谓语一致问题大声朗读,指出下列句中划线的名词或名词短语在句中所作句子成分,并思考名词的用法与前后语境。1.John is a driver.约翰是司机。2.Dont stand on ceremony.别客气。介词宾语主语；表语3.He doesnt look his age.他看上去与年龄不符。4.London lies on the Thames River.伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。5.Your
32、brother told me the news.你弟弟告诉我这个消息的。直接宾语表语主语；介词的宾语6.Li Qiangs bowl is in the kitchen.李强的碗在厨房。7.English is spoken all over the world.全世界说英语。主语；介词的宾语主语；介词的宾语8.He feels it his duty to help others.他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。9.You students should think of your future.你们学生应该为自己的前途着想。主语的同位语宾补1.主要用法。名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、_、动词
33、的 _、介词的宾语、_、同位语等。2.语境分析。名词通常位于冠词(如a driver)、_(如his age)、_(如Li Qiangs bowl)及some,any,many,a lot of 等限定词的后面。名词所有格表语宾语宾语补足语代词1.名词在句子中的作用指出下列句子中名词的作用1.The train is approaching.2.She became my closest friend.3.He speaks good English.4.I did it for the country.主语表语宾语介词宾语6.She made a paper flower.7.Here is
34、 my sisters address.8.They have great concern for us students.9.Take a seat,Miss Lake.10.The meeting lasted an hour.11.We made him our monitor.定语定语同位语呼语状语宾语补足语The _ is just around the cornerand you wont miss it.A.bicycles shop B.bicycle shopC.bicycles shop D.bicycles shop问题 1：比较下列名词和形容词作定语的不同 gold c
35、oins golden sunshine heart trouble hearty welcome silver dollar silvery hair snow mountain snowy table-cloth press conference family planning It took us quite a long time to gethere.It was _ journey.A.three-hour B.a three hourC.a three-hour D.three-hours 问题：It took us quite a long time to gethere.It
36、 was _ journey.A.three-hour B.a three hourC.a three-hour D.three-hours 问题 2：“数词名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。如：a ten-mile walk；a five-year plan但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。The village is far away from here indeed.Its _ walk.A.a four hour B.four hoursC.a four-hours D.four hoursThere are only twelve _ in thehospi
37、tal.Awoman doctorsBwomen doctorsCwomen doctorDwoman doctor问题 3：名词作主语和谓语一致问题 1)集合名词:family team class group audience committee government 2)many a student 和 more than a student单数谓语 3)every/each/no boy andevery/each/no girl wants to go there.4)economics,physics news,politics,mathematics,statistics 跟单数
38、Weve missed the last bus.Im afraidwe have no _ but to take a taxi.A.way B.choiceC.possibility D.selection问题：Weve missed the last bus.Im afraidwe have no _ but to take a taxi.A.way B.choiceC.possibility D.selection问题：Weve missed the last bus.Im afraidwe have no _ but to take a taxi.A.way B.choiceC.po
39、ssibility D.selection问题：have no choice but to do 是一个常见的搭配，各地高考中考查这类搭配的题有很多。类似的题还有以下这些。1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as m
40、any as you like because they are free of _.A.fare B.chargeC.money D.pay1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as many as you like
41、 because they are free of _.A.fare B.chargeC.money D.pay1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as many as you like because they a
42、re free of _.A.fare B.chargeC.money D.pay1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as many as you like because they are free of _.A.
43、fareB.chargeC.money D.pay4.The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.A.idea B.sense C.thought D.thinking5.I keep medicine on the top shelf,out of the childrens _.A.reach B.hand C.hold D.place4.The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.A.idea B.sense
44、C.thought D.thinking5.I keep medicine on the top shelf,out of the childrens _.A.reach B.hand C.hold D.place4.The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.A.idea B.sense C.thought D.thinking5.I keep medicine on the top shelf,out of the childrens _.A.reach B.hand C.hold D.placeBi
45、ll was doing a lot of physicalexercise to build up his _.A.ability B.forceC.strength D.mind问题：Bill was doing a lot of physicalexercise to build up his _.A.ability B.forceC.strength D.mind问题：Bill was doing a lot of physicalexercise to build up his _.A.ability B.forceC.strength D.mind问题：本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目
46、的是更有力气。这类题要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多这方面的知识。1.reputation _ 2.contribution 3.civilization_ 4.accommodation 5.occupation_ 6.adaptation_ 7.appreciation _ 8.arrangement_ 9.assessment_ 10.entertainment_ 11.consequence_ 12.independence_ petence _ 14.sympathy_ 15.symbol_ 16.symptom_-17.systema
47、tic _ mitment_ petition_-20.ambition_ 21.accompany _ 21.accompany _ 22.Progress_ 23.equipment_-24.experience_-25.information_-26.furniture_ 27.production _-28.anger _-29.rudeness_-30.regret_-31.panic_ 32.preference_ 40.wealth _-41.mercy_-42.emergency_ 43.courage_-44advantage_-44.popularity_ bination
48、_ 47.alternative_-48.influence_ 49.accuracy_-50.investigation_ 51.introduction_-52.program_-53.procedure_-54.pattern_-55.description_-56.phenomenon_ 57.trend_-58.tendency_-59.improvement_-60.impression_-61.expression_-62.possibility_ 63.qualification_ 64.sense_ 65.position_ 66.explanation_ 67.opport
49、unity_ 68.possession_ 69.challenge_ 70.range_ 71.imagination_ 72.interruption_ 73.partner_ 74.reaction_ 75.circumstance_ 76.insurance_ 77.judgment_ 78.bargain_ 79.catastrophe_ 80.existence_ 81.championship_ 82.preference_ 巧合 事故 珠宝 情形，形势 背景 精力 因果 冒险 搭某人一段路coincidenceaccidentjewelrysituationbackground
50、energycause and effectadventuregive sb.a lift 为、腾出空间 压力 借口 过错 距离 够不着 外表 分公司 方向感 舌尖 挑战make room forpressureexcusefaultdistanceout of/beyond/within ones reachappearancebranchthe sense of directionthe tip of ones tonguechallenge 脸上的神情 不同的学习方法 变形 做什么没用 陪伴某人 药品说明 主要障碍 个人喜好问题 够生活费用 缺少锻炼 对、的态度 普遍景观/做法the e
51、xpression on the facedifferent approaches toout of shapeits no use doingkeep panythe instruction for main obstaclea matter of personal tastecover the living expensea lack of exerciseattitude to/towardscommon sight/practice违背原则更新知识急需保持平衡症状步奏迟早主动提供帮忙印象参考表现，表演强项be against ones principleupdate ones know
52、ledgein great needkeep a balance betweensymptomproceduresonner or laterofferimpressionreferenceperformancestrengthmake room formake room for提高竞争意识不知道反应偏爱raise competitive awarenesshave no ideareaction topreferencecommon sense dormitory works woken/wake pop into ones mind peacock fragrance inhabitant
53、 a flood of students campus unwillingly ridiculous enthusiastically harmonious approximately useless confidently pay a visit to thoroughly feed /provide combination peanut promote stretch persuade extend spread crouch downBeyond+名词 1.beyond belief 难以置信 2.beyond compare 无与伦比，举世无双 3.beyond comparison无
54、与伦比，举世无双 4.beyond control 无法控制，5.beyond description/expression 难以形容，无法描述 6.beyond dispute无可置疑 7.beyond doubt 无疑地，确实地 8.beyond endurance无法忍受 9.beyond expectation 10.beyond hope Beyond imagination Beyond measure Beyond praise Beyond price Beyond question Beyond recognition Beyond repair Beyond reason
55、Beyond reproach完美无缺的，无可指责的 Beyond suspicion Beyond words Make a bargain Make a date Make a face Make a living Make a mistake Make a movemake a noise 吵闹make a speech 做演讲make a start 开始；着手make a fire 生火make a difference 有影响，起作用make a change 做变动make a wish 许愿make a telephone 打电话make a plan 制定计划make a m
56、ess 搞乱make a decision 作出决定make a point 发表论点；重视make a deal 定个协议make a fortune 发财，赚钱make a fuss 大惊小怪，小题大做make a motion 提议make a suggestion提出建议make a statement 发表声明make a commitment做出承诺make a contribution做出贡献make a detour绕道而行make a note注意；记录make a donation捐款make a sale开始销售；做成买卖make a sentence造句make a d
57、eposit存款make a left左转弯make a trial做个试验make a pair成双make a response回应make a quarrel吵架make a copy复制make a sketch起草稿；画素描make a way逃跑make a spectacle出洋相make a model做一个模型make a start开个头 make an arrangement作安排 make an application做出请求 make an error 犯错 make an exchange进行交换 make an invitation 下请柬 make an imp
58、rovement做出改进 make an approach接洽；探讨 make an entry记录下来 make an enquiry 打听，咨询 make an impression 留下印象 make an inspection 巡查 make an investment 投资 make an issue小题大做 make an answer作出回答 make an advance取得进展 make an attack发起攻击 make an investigation 做调查 make an explanation作出解释 make an arrangement作安排 1.out of
59、 action 不在运转；发生故障 2.out of breath 气喘吁吁，喘不过气来 3.out of balance失去平衡 4.out of fear 出于害怕 Out of reach Out of control Out of question Out of the question Out of date Our of fashion14.out of fear 出于害怕They obeyed him out of fear rather than respect.他们听从他的命令是出于害怕而并非尊敬。15.out of favor 失宠；不受欢迎He felt out of f
60、avor in Vienna and went to London.他在维也纳不受欢迎，就去了伦敦。16.out of gratitude 出于感谢John helped her out of gratitude for all she had done for him.约翰帮助她是出于感激她为他所做的一切。17.out of gear运转失调；出了故障My watch got out of gear and would not run.我的表出了毛病，不走啦。18.out of hand 失去控制；脱手These boys have got quite out of hand.这些男孩已完全
61、不受管束了。19.out of harmony不和谐；不协调The violin was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.小提琴拉得与其他乐器不谐调。20.out of hearing 在听不见的地方Now they are out of hearing.现在他们离得很远，听不见了。21.out of humor 情绪不好，不高兴What has put her out of humor today?今天什么事使她不高兴？22.out of kindness出于好意Out of kindness,perhaps,nobody said publicly what everybody knew privately.可能出于好意，谁也没有公开说出人人都知道的秘密
