1、语法初识原句感知自主探究Pop art aimed to show ordinary twentiethcentury city life.Instead, a picture should attempt to show the “life”of its subject.Please show us how to do that.She is looking forward to starting art classes at her new school.My parents are fond of going to art galleries.I cant stand showing m
2、y pictures to people until they are finished.I think it is no use waiting here for so long a time.1.句中的动词后跟不定式作宾语。2句黑体部分为“疑问词不定式”结构在句中作宾语。3句为介词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。4句中的动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。5句中的动词-ing形式在句中作主语。语法剖析语法点一动词ing形式和动词不定式作宾语1常用v.ing作宾语的动词(短语)有：consider(考虑), dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, practise, miss
3、, mind, avoid, admit, risk, finish, imagine, keep, suggest, cant help, put off, give up, be worth, be busy, be good at, be fond of, devote to, feel like, look forward to, pay attention to, be/get used to等。I miss being with my family.我很怀念与家人在一起(的日子)。He has got used to living in the countryside.他已经习惯住
4、在乡下了。巧学助记允许考虑二建议，忙于坚持多练习；承认喜欢多盼望，否认拖延可原谅；避免错过莫放弃，完成冒险没逃避。2常用不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有：afford, aim, arrange, attempt, pretend, want, wish, threaten, hope, wish, expect, agree, learn, fail, decide, plan, promise, refuse, manage, offer, would like/love等。The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
5、My English teacher promised to lend some books to me. 我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。巧学助记三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝；设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。名师点津在动词feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等后面，如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词(有时是名词)，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后移。He thought it a great pity not to have invited her.没有邀请她，他觉得是一个很大的遗憾。3可接“疑问词不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：te
6、ach, decide, wonder, show, learn, consider, know等。Have you decided where to spend your holiday?你决定去哪儿度假了吗？集中演练111.单句语法填空My mother refused to_go (go) there with us. My mother dislikes seeing_(see) you with me.We must keep practicing_(practice) speaking English.I cant help laughing_(laugh) every time
7、I think of that.She happened to_be (be) out when he called.I feel like coming_(come) with you.I am too busy today, so I cant help (to)_clean (clean) the room.I looked forward to seeing (see) that Pat was driving.12.完成句子我们将推迟去埃及游览的日期直到那儿的局势稳定下来。We will put_off_going_to_Egypt for sightseeing until the
8、 situation there becomes stable.我盼望收到你的来信。I am looking forward to hearing_from_you我想知道你那道题的答案。I expected to_know_the_answer_to_your_question在过去的几年里他花在帮助那些无家可归的人身上的时间被认为是非常有价值的。The time he has devoted in the past years to_helping_the_homeless is now considered to_be_of_great_value住在我们隔壁的是一对外国夫妻，他们好像已
9、经适应了中国的生活。Next door to ours live a foreign couple, who seem to_have_settled_into_life in China.他教我如何提高我的英语水平。He taught me how_to_improve_my_English4有些动词如hate, like, prefer, intend, continue, love等后既跟v.ing形式又跟动词不定式作宾语，意思几乎是一样的，没什么差别。He continued to borrow/borrowing money from his boss. 他接二连三地向老板借钱。名师
10、点津(1)love, like, hate, prefer等之后，用不定式表示某一具体动作或情况(一般在其前加would或should)；用动名词表示一般性动作(如爱好或习惯)。I like skating.我喜欢滑冰。I like to skate today.我今天想去滑冰。(2)begin, start词后，既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语。但下列三种情形下其后跟不定式：主语是物而非人时；begin, start本身是ing形式时；之后的非谓语动词是心理状态或精神活动如see, understand, realize等时。They began to understand their
11、past mistakes.他们开始认识他们过去的错误。Mary is beginning to do her homework.玛丽开始做作业。(3)need, demand, want, require等在表示“需要”时，用动名词的主动形式表被动，或用不定式的被动形式，但动名词形式更常见。The wall needs to be painted.The wall needs painting.墙壁需要粉刷了。5有些动词既可跟v.ing形式又可跟动词不定式，但意思截然不同。动词to do sth.doing sth.remember记住要做记得做过forget忘记了要做忘记了做过try努力做
12、试着做mean想要做意味着stop停下来去做停止做go on接着再做(不同的事)继续做(同一件事)regret遗憾做后悔做了cant help不能帮忙做情不自禁做Dont forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。I remember posting the letters.我记得寄过信了。集中演练221.单句语法填空The headmaster started to_wonder (wonder) who had done it.I remembered seeing_(see) the Alps for the first time.To this day I do no
13、t regret making_(make) that remark.We must try to_come (come) here as early as possible.The window needs cleaning/to_be_cleaned (clean)22.单句改错Judy always remembers locking the door.lockingto_lockIm beginning working on my essay next week.workingto_workShe prefers to stay at home to going out on Sund
14、ays.to_staystayingIf we want to catch the 7：30 train, that will mean to leave the house at 6：00. to_leaveleavingIt was late at night, but he went on to do his homework.to_dodoing语法点二动词ing形式作主语1在下面的句型中，it是形式主语，v.ing形式作真正的主语。It is useless (no use, no good, fun, no harm, a waste of time, a good pleasur
15、e)doing .It is no good eating too much sweet food.吃太多的甜食没有好处。2v.ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。3不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验；不定式短语通常用来表示一件
16、未完成的事或目的。Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)To become a scientist is my dream.成为一名科学家是我的梦想。(目的)集中演练331.单句语法填空Playing (play) with fire is dangerous. Learning new words is (be) very useful to me. It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him. It makes me happy to_lis
17、ten (listen) to music.It is no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.32.完成句子到日本游玩是我今年的计划。To_go_to_Japan_for_a_visit is my plan for this year.听音乐使我快乐。Listening_to_music makes me happy.每天熬夜没有什么好处。Its_of_little_good staying up too late every day.他到这儿来将大有帮助。His_coming_here will be a great help.做早操对我们很有好处。Doi
18、ng_morning_exercises does us a lot of good.链接高考单句语法填空1(2015安徽高考)Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析：句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者之间是主谓关系，因此用动名词作主语。2(2014湖南高考)Understanding (understand) your own ne
19、eds and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.解析：所填词做题干的主语，应用动名词形式，且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式。3(2014山东高考)Its standard practice for a company like this one to_empty (empty) a security officer.解析：本题考查非谓语动词之不定式作主语。空格前“这是这种公司的常规做法”中的it实际就是“to employ a securit
20、y officer”(雇用保安)。根据句型“It is an.for sb. to do sth.”，故选择to employ作真正的主语。4(2013浙江高考)Hearing (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.解析：句意：听到别人对你刚读的一本书的反应会增加你的快乐感。you have just read为省略that或者which的定语从句， creates an added pleasure是谓语和宾语，空格处需要填一个可作主语的非谓语动词。hearing为动名
21、词，可作主语。5(2013福建高考)Knowing (know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.解析：本题主要考查动名词短语作主语的用法。句意：了解基本的急救知识将帮助你迅速应对突发事件。Knowing basic firstaid techniques在句中作主语。6(2012浙江高考)No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better to_remain (remain) silent.解析
22、：it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent。可归结为句型：it is形容词/名词to do/that .。当然it也可以作形式宾语，如find/feel itto do/that .。 7(2012福建高考) China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats being_attacked (attack) in the South China Sea.解析：prevent sb. from doing st
23、h.“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack之间是被动关系，故用being attacked。8(2012北京高考) One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting (correct) them.解析：并列结构，making与correcting并列。针对演练.单句语法填空1Are you fond of children running (run) about around you?2He promised to_come (come), but he hasnt arrived.3He went o
24、n telling (tell) us stories after a short rest.4Its important for the figures to_be_updated (update) regularly.5I look forward to avoiding (avoid) making (make) mistakes.6His coming (come) made us very happy.7Its no use buying (buy) books but not reading them.8Burying himself in work makes (make) it
25、 possible for him to achieve his goal9We think it useless learning a theory without practice. 10Hearing the door bell, she stopped to_open (open) the door.完成句子1你认为是什么事使玛丽如此难过？她丢了新电动车。What do you think made Mary so upset?Losing_her_new_electric_bicycle2你千万不要错过看这部精彩的电影。You certainly mustnt miss_seeing
26、_this_wonderful_film3我很遗憾地告诉你那是不可能的。I regret_to_inform_you that it is impossible. 4这项工作需要特别小心地去做。The job wants to_be_done/doing with great care.5没有人告诉我在哪儿可以找到这本书。Nobody could tell me where_to_get_the_book.短文改错Hiking has become popular in China during recent years, and more and more people become hik
27、ers, that are called Donkey Friends (驴友) in Chinese. A discussion about hiking has held in our class. Some students think that hiking during vacation can make people to feel healthier, fresher and more harmonious with nature. They find themselves deep attracted by the beauty of nature. They can also
28、 be relaxing walking in deep mountains. But nowadays some hikers even begin to explore the places people have never been to, and accidents have been happened now and then because poor knowledge of hiking. Some hikers even lost their life. The other students in our class think it not safe to organize so dangerous activities. They make suggestions which laws should be passed and hikers should be trained before they attend the activities.答案：第一句：thatwho第二句：held前加been第三句：去掉to第四句：deepdeeply第五句：relaxingrelaxed第六句：去掉第二个been；because 后加of第七句：lifelives第八句：sosuch第九句：whichthat
