1、重要词汇1. waste 可以用作名词和动词,意思是“浪费、滥用”。如:Doing such a job is a waste of his talents. 做这种工作是在浪费他的才能。还可以指“废(弃)物、废料、排泄物”。如:A lot of waste from the factory polluted the river. 来自工厂的许多废物污染了这条河。waste作动词讲时,是“浪费”的意思。如:Dont waste time from now on. 从今以后不要浪费时间了。waste的形容词是wasteful (浪费的)。如:I think its a wasteful day
2、for us today. 我认为今天对我们来说是浪费的一天。 2. pollution 是不可数名词,意为“污染”。如:There is much pollution in the river. 河里有许多污染。pollution的动词形式是pollute(污染)。如:The river was polluted by the waste water. 河流被废水所污染。3. hopeless 是形容词,意为“希望渺茫的”。如:He thinks his life is hopeless. 他觉得他的生活是希望渺茫的。其反义词是hopeful (有希望的)。hopeless的构成是hope
3、+ (否定后缀) less,再如:useless 没有用的,careless 马虎的。4. repair 是动词,意为“修理、修复”。如:Father is repairing his bike. 父亲正在修理他的自行车。(及物动词) His shoes needs repairing. 他的鞋需要修一下。 repair的同义词还有mend和fix。5. care可以用作名词和动词。作名词时,意为“注意、小心”,常构成短语take care(小心、当心)。如:Take care not to wake up the child. 当心别把孩子吵醒了。还可以构成短语take care of “照
4、顾”,相当于look after。如:Can you take care of my dog while Im away?当我不在的时候,你能照顾我的狗吗?care作动词时,意为“在乎、在意”,常与about连用,后面接动词时,用care about doing sth.结构。如:He cares about getting up late. 他在意起床晚。当后面接从句时,about常省略。如:I dont care what you say. 我不在乎你说什么。重要短语1. throw away 意为“扔掉”,其中away是副词。如:The food is bad. Throw it awa
5、y. 食物坏了,扔掉吧。注意宾语it在throw和away中间。拓展 由throw构成的短语: throw at sb. 朝某人扔; throw down 扔下;推翻; throw off 摆脱;除去; throw oneself into 投身于; throw over 舍弃;放弃2. instead of 意为“反而;而不是”,其中instead是副词,of是介词。如:He stayed in bed all day instead of going to work. 他整天呆在家里而不是去上班。3. do harm to 意为“对造成伤害”。如:Playing computer game
6、s does harm to your eyes. 玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。do good to 意为“对有好处;产生效果”。如:Getting up earlier does good to your health. 早起床对你的健康有益。4. make a difference to 意为“对产生重大的影响”,其中difference是名词,意为“差别、差异”。如:The grammar makes a difference to your English study. 语法对于你的英语学习产生重大的影响。make no difference to 意为“没有影响”;make little difference to 意为“几乎没有影响”。 5. stop . from . 意为“阻止”。如:I often stop myself from doing something wrong. 我经常不让自己做错事。