1、二 无提示词类 第四节 冠词、代词和介词 考点一 冠词方法点津1用a/an还是the(1)用定冠词的情况特指某人或某事；用在序数词及最高级前；用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；用在乐器名词前。(2)用不定冠词的情况泛指一类人与物，表示“一”概念；在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。2根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：at the same time,on thecontrary,to tell the truth,in the distance,make the most/best of,in themiddle of,on the spot 等。(2)不定冠词用在
2、固定搭配中，如：catch a cold,have a fever,all of a sudden,as a matter of fact,as a result,have a gift for,make aliving,have/take a rest,give sb.a lift,have a good knowledge of 等。(3)动词(catch/take/hit 等)sb.介词 the 身体部位(4)抽象名词具体化表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有surprise,pleasure,comfort,danger,succes
3、s,failure,beauty等。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)The plum trees arefirst to flowereven as the snow is melting(融化)解析：句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。the 2(2019高考全国卷)Ofnineteen recognized polar bearsubpopulations，three are declining.解析：此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词 the。the 3(2019高考全国卷)When we got a call s
4、aying she was short-listed，we thought it wasjoke.解析：此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”，为泛指，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。a 4(2019高考浙江卷)Everybody wearssame style ofclothes.解析：此处特指校服的款式相同，the same.“相同的”。the 5(2018高考全国卷改编)In tonights Easter special they cometoaid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on abudget.解析：com
5、e to the aid of“给帮助”，为固定短语。the 6(2018高考全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125percent overpast 25 years,while rice has increased only 7percent.解析：此处是特指，故用定冠词the。over the past 25 years表示“在过去的25年里”。the 7(2018高考全国卷)Unexpectedly,Im facetoface with thegorilla,who begins screaming attop of her lungs.解析：
6、at the top of ones lungs是固定短语，意为“用尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。the 8(2017高考全国卷)Asresult,people will eat morefood to try to make up for that something missing.解析：句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，故填a。a 9(2017高考全国卷)Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day asmodel in New York.解析：句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天挣6 500英镑。m
7、odel是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指“一个”，故填a。a考点二 代词方法点津当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。1作主语：人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)。2作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me,us等)、名词性物主代词(ours,mine,yours等)。3作定语：形容词性物主代词(our,my,your等)。4 如 果 宾 语 与 主 语 是 指 同 一 人，用 反 身 代 词(myself,yourself,itself 等)。5填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语，指代前面提到的同一个事物或
8、情况。6that,those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)Data about the moons composition,suchas how muchice and other treasures it contains,could help Chinadecide whether(it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)baseare practical.解析：句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词it
9、s，故填its。its 2(2019高考北京卷)Soon I will graduate and become part of thereal world.Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to(I)the two simple words“Be yourself”解析：根据语境以及句子结构可知，空处用反身代词作介词to的宾语。whisper to myself“轻声告诉自己”。myself 3(2018高考全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened eachother，I was just g
10、lad to find(they)alive.解析：人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them 在此作find的宾语，指代上文的the gorillas。them 4(2017高考全国卷)However,the railway quickly proved to bea great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people wereusingevery day.解析：考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处应用it 指代前面提到的the railway。it 5(高考浙江卷改编)In many ways,the educatio
11、n system in the USis not very different fromin the UK.解析：句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系与英国的并没有很大的不同。分析句子结构可知，这里指代前面的不可数名词theeducation system，为避免重复，所以用that。that 考点三 介词方法点津1填介词的情况名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night，on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in,be good at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to,arrive at,
12、look for 等。2介词多义看语境(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以、用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在方面”。(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以、用”；表示关系，意为“和在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。(3)by用于被动语态，表示“被，由”；表示“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘坐交通工具。(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过
13、”；表示时间，意为“整个”；表示手段、媒介，意为“依据，经由”。3依据句式和搭配填介词(1)与动词搭配，如：remind sb.of sth.“提醒某人某事”；rob sb.of sth.“抢劫某人某物”。(2)与 名 词 或 代 词 搭 配，如：by accident“偶 然”；byoneself“靠自己”。(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对感到好奇”；be proud of“因而自豪”。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)Orange trees are moredecoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and weal
14、th.解析：句意：橘子树不仅仅是装饰品。more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。than 2(2020高考全国卷)Bamboo plants are associated health,abundance and a happy home.解析：句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。beassociated with与相联系。故填with。with 3(2020高考全国卷)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)bythe greatest artistearth,Mother Nature.解析：句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然
15、母亲所羞辱。结合句意，表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。on 4(2019高考全国卷)Modern methodstracking polar bearpopulations have been employed only since the mid1980s.解析：a method of/for doing sth.“做某事的方法”。of/for 5(2019高考全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by apackdogs,seven to be exact.解析：a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群”。of 6(2019
16、高考浙江卷)But can uniforms help improve schoolstandards?The answerthis question is not clear.解析：the answer to“的答案”。to 7(2018高考全国卷)Im a scientist who studies animals such asapes and monkeys.I was searchingthese three western lowlandgorillas Id been observing.解析：此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。search for意为“搜寻，寻找
17、”。for 8(2018高考浙江卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.解析：go to sp.for dinner“去某个地方吃饭”。介词for在此表示目的。for 9(2017高考全国卷)This trend,which was started by themedical community(医学界)a method of fighting he
18、artdisease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight andheart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying tofight.解析：此处表示“医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法”，故填as，意思是“作为”。as 10(2017高考全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers andallowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as t
19、heytravelled to andwork.解析：travel to and from work为固定搭配，意为“上下班”。from.单句训练1Lastly,properly clean your carpets and sofas withsteam iron.2Today the Internet is playingimportant and essential role inour life.3First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you can never getsecond chance to make first i
20、mpressions.aana4A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across aspring of clear water.water was sweet.5Different EU countries also use different arrangements of numbersand letters,and(they)systems have changed many times.6Id appreciateif you could let me know in advance whether ornot you w
21、ill come.Thetheirit7When he came to life,he found(he)lying on the ground,bleeding in the head.8If you dont like this blue coat，you can buy a black.9As is known to us all,Mount Huashan is famous for(it)unique characteristics.10I can understand how you feel now because my experience issimilar to(you)h
22、imselfoneitsyours11Early number plates differedshape and size,and were madeof lots of different materials,including iron,cardboard and evenpressed soybeans.12I explainedBob that starting his own Christmas decoratingbusiness matched up well with his desire.13The little pupil took his grandmathe arm a
23、nd walked heracross the street.intoby14My brother likes eating very much but he isnt very particularthe food he eats.15I was so excited to visit the Palace Museummy family lastsummer vacation.aboutwith.语篇专练When Kates car ran out of gas on a highway one night six weeks ago,she got into 1.panic.“I tho
24、ught I could make 2.all the way home,but obviously I was wrong，”Kate recalled.“I drove to the side of the road and got out,planning to walk to 3.nearest gas station.Thats when I met Johnny,a homeless man sitting nearby.Johnny stopped me.Concerned 4.my safety,he told me to get back in the car and loc
25、k the doors.I obeyed.A few minutes later,he came back 5.a gas can that he bought with his last$20.”“6.was crazy that he would use all his money on someone he didnt even know，”Kate added.To repay Johnny,Kate returned many times and gave him some money,food and clothes.But she wanted to do more 7.this
26、 man.“Johnny is generous indeed，”said Kate.“Hes got such positive energy,though hes 8.that situation.”Touched by Johnnys selflessness,Kate is now raising moneyonline for him.“9.my great delight,donations keep pouring in，”said Kate.“So far,over$100,000 has been collected.Hes indeed a goodguy and dese
27、rves everything that is coming to 10.(he)”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。流浪汉Johnny用仅有的20美元帮助了Kate，这让Kate很感动。尽管他处于那样的境况，却拥有强大的正能量。1解析：句意：六周前的一个晚上，凯特的车在高速公路上没油了，她陷入了恐慌。get into a panic是固定短语，意为“惊慌失措”。答案：a2解析：make it是固定短语，意为“及时抵达，成功”。答案：it3解析：形容词最高级前应用定冠词。答案：the4解析：be concerned about意为“关心，挂念”。答案：about5解析：句意：几分钟后，他带着一个汽油
28、罐回来了，那是他用最后的20美元买的。with表示“携带”。答案：with6解析：It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。答案：It7解析：根据语境可知，这里填for表示“为了”。答案：for8解析：句意：他很有正能量，尽管他处于那种情况。in thatsituation“在那种情况下”。答案：in9 解 析：句 意：令 我 高 兴 的 是，捐 款 源 源 不 断。to onesdelight“令某人高兴的是”。答案：To10解析：句意：他确实是个好人，应该得到他应得的一切。介词后应用代词he的宾格him。答案：him.仿真题组A(2020四川棠湖中学高三下第四次月考)A
29、 hotel chain isemploying human bed warmers to help guests get a good nightssleep.1.(dress)in special allinone sleeping suits,the walkingelectric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at theHoliday Inn 2.they get under the covers.Dr.Chris Idzikowski,3.(direct)of the Edinburgh Sleep Cen
30、tre,said the idea could help people get off to sleep.He 4.(explain)that，“Theres plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night 5.body temperature starts to drop.The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels(血管)of the hands,face and feet open up and release h
31、eat.”“A warm bedapproximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuisis 6.good way to start this process while a cold bed isnt.It helps people sleep well 7.(especial)as its taking much 8.(long)for them to warm up when they come in from the snow.”Dr.Chris Idzikowski and 9.(he)colleague Jane Bednallsaid the idea was
32、 like“having a giant hot water bottle in yourbed”The fiveminute free bed warming sessions will be tried out inLondon and Manchester 10.the end of next month.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。1解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店，在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是动
33、宾关系，故填Dressed。答案：Dressed2解析：考查状语从句的连词。句意见上题解析。根据句意，客人睡觉之前需要暖床，故填before。答案：before3解析：考查词性转换。句意：爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任ChrisIdzikowski博士说，这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名，两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语，所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。答案：director4解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知，这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。答
34、案：explained5解析：考查定语从句。句意见上题解析。根据句意可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the beginning of the night(夜晚开始的时候)，并且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系词when。答案：when6解析：考查不定冠词。句意：温暖的床(温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间)有助于人们入睡，而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后，空格后为一个单数可数名词，所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”的发音是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。答案：a7解析：此处为副词修饰后面的整个句子，故填especially。答案：especially8解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：它
35、能帮助人们睡得更好，特别是当他们从大雪天进来，要花更长的时间才能让被窝暖和起来的时候。根据句意可知，这句话强调天冷的时候，要花更长的时间才能让被窝暖和起来，故填形容词比较级比较合适。故填longer。答案：longer9解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：Chris Idzikowski博士和他的同事Jane Bednall说，这个主意就像是“往你的被窝儿里放个大热水瓶”。空格后是一个单数可数名词，且colleague与ChrisIdzikowski之间是所属关系，所以应填形容词性物主代词。ChrisIdzikowski是男士，故填his。答案：his10解析：考查介词。句意：这个五分钟就能暖床
36、的环节这个月底将在伦敦与曼彻斯特实行。at the end of意为“在末端；在的结尾”，为固定搭配。故填at。答案：atB(2020河北石家庄市综合训练一)If youre a grandparent,shaking a leg with your grandchild might benefit both of you.Thats the conclusion of a new study from Israel,where researchers examined how dancing together 1.(positive)affected 16 grandmas and gran
37、ddaughters.Theyve discovered it can encourage exercise and can also 2.(deep)ties between the two generations.Dancing“promoted physical activity even when the body was tired and weak，”said the study author.“This emphasizes the significance of the close and familiar relationship as 3.means to promote
38、new experiences,4.can occasionally seem impossible for the older person.”The granddaughters teamed 5.their grandmas for three freeform dance sessions.They danced once a week for 10 to 15 minutes in their grandmothers home.Granddaughters 6.(tell)to mirror their grandmas movements,encourage their abil
39、ities and let them rest when 7.(need)Videos of the dance sessions,8.(person)diaries and interviews showed that the sessions led to positive feelings and better mood for the grandmothers.The granddaughters,meanwhile,got a new view on 9.(age)Bothgroupsweregratefulandsaidthedancesessionsstrengthened 10
40、.(they)bonds,according to the studypublished recently in the journal Frontiers in Psychology.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一项研究发现，通过让孙女和奶奶一起跳舞，可以增进两代人之间的感情。1解析：考查词性转换。句意：研究检验出一起跳舞是如何对16位奶奶和孙女们产生积极影响的。此处修饰动词affected，应使用副词形式。故填positively。答案：positively2解析：考查词性转换。句意：也能加深两代人之间的联系。空处在情态动词后，需用动词原形，结合句意和宾语ties，应该用deep
41、en表示“加深，深化”。故填deepen。答案：deepen3解析：考查冠词。句意：这强调了亲密的家庭关系作为一种提升新奇体验的途径的重要性。means“途径，方法”，此处泛指“一种途径/方法”，应使用不定冠词，means是以辅音音素开头的词，应使用a。故填a。答案：a4解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这对于老年人来说偶尔似乎是不可能的。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是experiences，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。答案：which5解析：考查介词。句意：孙女们和她们的奶奶们组队进行不限形式的舞蹈。team with意为“组队”，固定短语，与
42、前文的dance together呼应。故填with。答案：with6解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：孙女们被要求模仿奶奶的动作，鼓励她们，并且让她们在需要时休息。这里描述的是研究的过程，主语granddaughters与tell之间应该是动宾关系，且动作发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were told。答案：were told7解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意见上题解析。当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语是it is/was时，可以省略从句中的it is/was。when needed意为“在需要时”，可以视为when it is/was needed的省略。故填needed。答案
43、：needed8解析：考查词性转换。句意：舞蹈视频、个人日记和采访都表明这些活动让奶奶们拥有了积极的感受和情绪。此处作定语修饰名词diaries，应使用形容词personal表示“个人日记”。故填personal。答案：personal9解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，孙女们也对变老有 了 新 的 认 识。空 处 作 on 的 介 词，应 使 用 动 名 词 ageing 或aging“苍老，变老”。故填aging/ageing。答案：aging/ageing10解析：考查代词。句意：两组人都表示感激，并表示舞蹈活动增进了她们之间的联系。空白处需要作定语修饰名词bonds，应使用形容词性
44、物主代词their，表示“她们的联系”。故填their。答案：theirC(2020云南大理、丽江、怒江高三联考)Turning Deserts to OasesMiracles are occurring in northwest China where stretches ofdesertsareturninggreenwiththrivingtreesandluxuriousgrass.Decades of efforts have resulted 1.victory in the battleagainst desertification and China has not only
45、 achieved the UNsustainable development goal of zero net land degradation by 2030well ahead of schedule,but also reversed(逆 转)the trend ofdesertification and sandification.The ecowarriors have come up with a series of 2.(success)practices to end desertification,like the farmers group in Minqin,3.cou
46、nty in Gansu Province,northwest China.Their success in fighting the approach of the desert offers important experience for desertification prevention and treatment.It is also the Chinese 4.(wise)for global ecological management.China has the largest desert area in the world,with the largest number o
47、f people 5.(expose)to deserts and sandstorms.It is home to eight major deserts and four major sandy lands,which cover one 6.(five)of its territory.The western and northwestern parts are 7.(serious)affected by desertification.Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949，the government
48、8.(give)priority to the prevention and control of deserts,9.is listed as one of the strategic missions of the nation.Major ecological projects have been carried out to green the country.The Great Green Wall also known as the ThreeNorth Shelter Forest Program,is the biggest treeplanting project in th
49、e world,10.(create)a green barrier to keep the encroaching desert in the north at bay.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国在数十年间，通过不断努力，在防治沙漠化上取得了显著的成果。1解析：考查固定短语。句意：数十年的努力使得对抗沙漠化的战斗取得了胜利。result in意为“导致”，是固定短语，符合句意。故填in。答案：in2解析：考查词性转换。句意：生态斗士们提出了一系列终结沙漠化的成功举措。该空作定语，修饰名词practices，要用形容词形式。故填successful。答案：successful3
50、解析：考查冠词。句意：就像来自民勤县的农民小组，那是中国西北部甘肃省的一个县。这里是泛指“一个县”，要用不定冠词，且county的发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。答案：a4解析：考查词性转换。句意：这也是全球生态管理中涌现出的中国智慧。这里the Chinese和空处一起构成名词短语作表语，要用wise的名词形式。故填wisdom。答案：wisdom5解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是世界上沙漠面积最大的国家，接触沙漠和沙尘暴的人数最多。分析句子结构可知，expose to作people的后置定语，expose与people之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词形式。故填exposed。答案：expose
51、d6解析：考查序数词。句意：这里有着八大沙漠和四大沙地，覆盖了五分之一的领土。结合句意可知，这里要表示分数“五分之一”，分子要用基数词，分母用序数词。故填fifth。答案：fifth7解析：考查词性转换。句意：西部和西北部都深受沙漠化的影响。该空修饰动词affected，要用副词形式。故填seriously。答案：seriously8解析：考查动词的时态。句意：自中华人民共和国成立以来，作为国家的战略使命之一，政府就优先针对沙漠进行防治。前句中有since引导的时间状语，这里要用现在完成时表示动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在。the government 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填ha
52、s given。答案：has given9解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，“is listed as one of the strategic missions of thenation”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。答案：which10解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：创造了一道绿色屏障以阻挡从北方逐渐侵蚀过来的沙漠。分析句子结构可知，这里create作前句的状语，create与主语the Great Green Wall之间是主谓关系，要用现在分词作结果状语。故填creating。答案：creating
