1、课时作业13 名词性从句训练第一部分 名词性从句专练第二部分 阅读理解（2019 北京卷）第三部分 完形填空（2018江苏卷）课时作业13 名词性从句训练第一部分 名词性从句专练1.2020江苏卷改编It is not a problem we can win the battle;its just a matter of time.whether解析考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。根据下文“its just a matter of time”可知,此处指“我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故填whether
2、。2.2020江苏卷改编This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing,and then goes for .whatever解析考查代词。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。分析句子成分可知,此处作goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故填whatever。3.2020天津卷改编The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph had said.wha
3、t解析考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。“Professor Joseph had said”作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示“所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故填what。4.2019江苏卷改编Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.that解析考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用tha
4、t引导同位语从句。5.2019全国卷,语法填空While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.that解析考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence内容,故填that。6.2019北京卷,语法填空What students do at college seems to matter much mor
5、e than they go.where解析考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句作介词than的宾语。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。7.2018北京卷改编Without his support,we wouldnt be we are now.where解析考查表语从句。句意：没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。“we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。8.2018北京卷改编This is my father has taught meto alwa
6、ys face difficulties and hope for the best.what解析考查表语从句。设空处引导表语从句作is的表语,同时在表语从句中作taught的宾语,故填what。句意：这就是父亲教给我的：直面困难,期待未来。9.2018天津卷改编The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.whoever解析考查宾语从句。句意：金牌将授予获得自行车比赛的第一名。设空处引导宾语从句作介词to的宾语,同时在宾语从句中作主语,再根据句意可知,这里主语指人,故填whoever。10
7、.2018江苏卷改编By boat is the only way to get here,which is we arrived.how解析考查表语从句。由句意及句子结构推知设空处引导表语从句,同时在表语从句中作方式状语,故填how。第二部分 阅读理解（2019北京卷）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。By the end of the century,if not sooner,the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,according to a new s
8、tudy.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phyto
9、plankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bu
10、ry carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow,bu
11、t also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science,built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3,it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that cur
12、rently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters,such as those of the Arctic,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of p
13、hytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter?Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes t
14、he ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable,but they could mean significant changes.“Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said,“but the change in the colour of the ocean will
15、 be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。由于全球气候变暖,全球的海洋将会变得更绿、更蓝。1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?()A.The various patterns at the ocean surface.B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.D
16、.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.B解析 段落大意题。阅读第一段可知,该段主要说明在不久的将来,随着气候变暖,不同地区的海洋将变得更蓝、更绿;阅读第二段可知,气候变化将影响海洋浮游植物的生长,从而导致海洋外观的变化。故第一、二段主要介绍了海洋颜色变化的原因。2.What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?()A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.A解析词义猜测题。根据
17、第三段尾句“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growthbut also nutrients.”可知,温度变化会改变海洋的主要特征并且能够影响海洋浮游植物的生长;由此可推知海洋浮游植物对海洋的温度很敏感。故选A项。3.What can we learn from the passage?()A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B.Dutkiewiczs model aims to pr
18、oject phytoplankton changes.C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第三句和第四句可知,浮游植物数量越少,海洋的颜色越蓝;数量越多,海洋的颜色越绿。故选D项。4.What is the main purpose of the passage?()A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B.B.To
19、analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.C解析写作意图题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了气候变暖影响浮游植物的生长变化,进而造成海洋颜色发生变化。故选C项。第三部分 完形填空（2018江苏卷）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Being good at something and havin
20、g a passion for it are not enough.Success 1 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 2 in our lives.When twelve-year-old JohnWilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931,he had no 3 of knowing that his life was to change 4 .The class experiment that day was to 5 how heating
21、 a container of water would bring air bubbling（冒泡）to the surface.6 ,the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 7 held something more volatile（易挥发的）than water.When Wilson heated it,the container 8 ,leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later,his par
22、ents 9 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 10 their lives.But Wilson did not regard the accident as 11 .He learned braille（盲文）quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.There,he not only did well as a student but also became a（n）12 public speaker.Later,he
23、worked in Africa,where many people suffered from 13 for lack of proper treatment.For him,it was one thing to 14 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 15 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because
24、 of the 16 Wilson made to preventing the 17 .Wilson received several international 18 for his great contributions.He lost his sight but found a 19 .He proved that its not what happens to us that 20 our livesits what we make of what happens.语篇解读：这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外,威尔逊失明了。但是,他并没有抱怨命运的不公,而是努力地学习,接受教育。
25、他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力,获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。1.()A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflectsA解析 考查动词。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A.depends依靠;B.holds握,持有;C.keeps保持;D.reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知,仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取决于。故选A项。2.()A.dilemmas B.accidents C.e
26、vents D.stepsC解析考查名词。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A.dilemmas进退两难的处境;B.accidents意外事故;C.events事,事件;D.steps脚步,步骤。结合文章最后一句“He proved that its not what happens to us that 20 our lives-its what we make of what happens.”可知,我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens（发生的事）。故选C项。3.()A.way B.hope C.plan D.measure
27、A解析考查名词。句意：1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰威尔逊走进他的化学教室时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A.way方法,方式;B.hope希望;C.plan计划;D.measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A项。4.()A.continually B.gradually C.gracefully D.completelyD解析考查副词。句意：1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰威尔逊走进他的化学教室时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A.continually不断地;B.gradually逐渐地;C.gracefully优雅地;D.comple
28、tely完全地。结合下文可知,一场意外导致他失明,这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D项。5.()A.direct B.show C.advocate D.declareB解析考查动词。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A.direct指导,引导;B.show展示;C.advocate提倡,倡导;D.declare宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B项。6.()A.Anyway B.Moreover C.Somehow D.ThusC解析考查副词。句意：不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西
29、。A.Anyway无论如何,不管怎样;B.Moreover而且;C.Somehow不知怎么地;D.Thus因此。不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C项。7.()A.mistakenly B.casually C.amazingly D.clumsilyA解析考查副词。句意：不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A.mistakenly错误地;B.casually随意地;C.amazingly令人惊奇地;D.clumsily笨拙地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水,结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A项。8.()A.erupted
30、B.exploded C.emptied D.exposedB解析考查动词。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时,容器爆炸了,导致威尔逊失明。A.erupted爆发,喷出;B.exploded爆炸;C.emptied腾空,掏空;D.exposed揭露,使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水,而是更容易挥发的物质,所以,当威尔逊把它加热时,容器“爆炸”了,导致Wilson失明。故选B项。9.()A.deserved B.attempted C.cared D.agreedB解析考查动词。句意：两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A.deserved值得,应得,应受;B.
31、attempted试图,尝试;C.cared关心,在乎;D.agreed同意。孩子失明了,身为父母,他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B项。10.()A.submitted to B.catered for C.impressed on D.happened toD解析考查动词短语。句意：两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A.submitted to提交,服从;B.catered for迎合;C.impressed on给留下印象;D.happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D项。
32、11.()A.fantastic B.extraordinary C.impressive D.catastrophicD解析考查形容词。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A.fantastic极好的;B.extraordinary不同寻常的;C.impressive给人深刻印象的;D.catastrophic灾难性的,毁灭性的。根据上文“his parents 9 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 10 their lives.”以及结合生活常识,失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知,威尔逊并没有
33、将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D项。12.()A.accomplished B.crucial C.specific D.innocentA解析考查形容词。句意：在那里,他不仅是一名出色的学生,而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A.accomplished才华高的,有成就的;B.crucial至关重要的,关键性的;C.specific特定的,具体的;D.innocent无辜的,天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文,并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not onlybut also可以推知,他不仅是个好学生,而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A项。13.()A.
34、deafness B.depression C.blindness D.speechlessnessC解析考查名词。句意：后来,他在非洲工作,那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A.deafness聋,听力不佳;B.depression沮丧;C.blindness瞎;D.speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 16 Wilson made to preventing the 17 .”可知,很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知,在非洲,有很多人因为缺乏适
35、当的治疗而“失明”。故选C项。14.()A.decide B.abandon C.control D.acceptD解析考查动词。句意：对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A.decide决定;B.abandon抛弃;C.control控制;D.accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 11 .He learned braille（盲文）quickly and continued his education at Worcester College f
36、or the Blind.There,he not only did well as a student but also became a（n）12 public speaker.”可知,威尔逊失明之后,他没有抱怨命运的不公,反而努力进取,由此推知,他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D项。15.()A.until B.when C.unless D.beforeB解析考查连接词。句意：对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A.until直到;B.when在情况下,当时候;C.unless如果不;D.before在之前。在很容易
37、解决那么多人失明的情况下,让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when表示“在情况下”。故选B项。16.()A.opposition B.adjustments C.commitment D.limitationsC解析考查名词。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万人都可以恢复视力了。A.opposition反对;B.adjustments调整,调节;C.commitment奉献,投入;D.limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知,威尔逊行动起来,努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”,很多人恢复了视力。
38、该空和18空后的great contributions呼应。故选C项。17.()A.preventable B.potential C.spreadable D.influentialA解析考查形容词。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万人都能够恢复视力了。A.preventable可预防的,可阻止的;B.potential潜在的,有潜力的;C.spreadable（黄油等）容易被涂开的;D.influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知,威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”情况。故选A项。18.()A.scholarships B.rewards C.a
39、wards D.bonusesC解析考查名词。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A.scholarships奖学金;B.rewards奖励,回报;C.awards奖,奖品;D.bonuses红利,津贴。因为他的巨大贡献,威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C项。19.()A.fortune B.recipe C.dream D.visionD解析考查名词。句意：他失明了,但找到了视野。A.fortune运气,财富;B.recipe食谱,秘诀;C.dream梦,梦想;D.vision视野。根据前文叙述可知,虽然威尔逊失明了,但是他却通过努力,帮助了很多人,为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知
40、,他虽然看不见,但是他的“眼界”开阔,做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D项。20.()A.distinguishes B.determines C.claims D.limitsB解析考查动词。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活,而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A.distinguishes区分,辨别;B.determines决定;C.claims宣称;D.limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success 1 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 2 in our lives.”可知,成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活,而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B项。
