1、50分阅读理解提分练 二 限时35分钟.阅读理解A(2020济南高三月考)Clara packed her things at the Patent Office and went to her boss.“Its been a pleasure working with you,but Im quitting my job.”She turned and left.“What are you doing home so early?”asked her sister Sally.“The Civil War is taking its toll on the Union soldiers.I
2、 need to help them.”Sally chewed her lips and looked around the room.“Im going with you.”The two volunteered at the Washington Hospital.After several months,Clara became unsettled.“Sally,this isnt enough.I need to help the soldiers in the field and on the front lines.Im leaving in the morning.”Sally
3、s brows rose into her forehead.“Clara!You cant.Its too dangerous.”“The front line soldiers who need help are in greater danger.”Clara got donations where she could and used her own savings to buy supplies.She traveled from battle to battle with three army wagons.She also organized men to give first
4、aid,carry water,and prepare food for the wounded.After many months of battlefield after battlefield,Clara told her friend Rachel,“I finally received official permission to bring supplies to battlefields.The wounded soldiers are so appreciative of all I do,theyve named me the Angel of the Battlefield
5、.”“Thats wonderful,”said Rachel,“You certainly deserve the recognition.Youre one of the bravest women I know.”After the Civil War ended,Clara went to Europe to rest her body and mind.So many years of helping soldiers and their families had worn her down.While visiting Switzerland,Clara learned of th
6、e International Red Cross.Its mission to help war victims around the world aroused Claras interest and excitement.It also sparked an idea.When she returned home,Clara worked to establish an American Red Cross.She even met with President Hayes to discuss it.Finally,on May 21,1881,the American Red Cro
7、ss was formed.A month later,Clara was elected president of the organization.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Clara Barton是一名勇敢的女性,她在内战时帮助受伤的士兵,最后还建立了美国红十字会。1.Where did Clara first volunteer to help the Union soldiers?A.Switzerland.B.The Patent Office.C.The front lines.D.The Washington Hospital.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段中
8、The two volunteered at the Washington Hospital.可知,Clara一开始在Washington Hospital帮助联邦士兵的。2.Which of the following words best describes Claras character?A.Fearless and devoted.B.Generous and energetic.C.Humorous and brave.D.Considerate and confident.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第六段Sallys brows rose into her forehead.
9、“Clara!You cant.Its too dangerous.”和第七段“The front line soldiers who need help are in greater danger.”可知Clara不顾危险,要前往前线帮助士兵,说明她是个无畏的人;以及第八段可知Clara在力所能及的地方募集捐款,并用自己的积蓄购买供给品。她带着三辆军用马车从一个战场赶到另一个战场。她还组织了一些人给伤者进行急救、挑水和准备食物。由此可推知,Clara是个有奉献精神的人。3.What is the text mainly about?A.The suffering brought by the
10、 Civil War.B.The development of the American Red Cross.C.Womens contributions to the American peace.D.A great woman who introduced Red Cross into the USA.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知回到家后,Clara努力建立了一个美国红十字会。她甚至会见了Hayes总统讨论这个问题。最终,在1881年5月21日,美国红十字会成立。一个月后,Clara被选为该组织的主席。结合本文主要讲了Clara勇敢地帮助受伤的士兵,最后建立了美国红十字会。由
11、此可知,这篇文章的主要内容是一位把红十字会引入美国的伟大妇女。BThe Daffodil LessonIt was a bleak rainy day,and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Caronlyns house.But she had insisted that I come to see something at the top of the mountain.So here I was,reluctantly making the two-hour journey thro
12、ugh fog thathung like veils.By the time I saw how thick it was near the summit,Id gone too far to turn back.Nothing could be worth this,I thought as I inched along the dangerous highway.“Ill stay for lunch,but Im heading back down as soon as the fog lifts,”I announced when I arrived.“But I need you
13、to drive me to the garage to pick up my car”Caronlyn said.“Could we at least do that?”“How far is it?”I asked.“About three minutes”,she said,“Ill driveIm used to it.”After ten minutes on the mountain road,I looked at her anxiously.“I thought you said three minutes.”She grinned,“This is a detour(绕道).
14、”Turning down a narrow track,we parked the car and got out.We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles.Huge black-green evergreens towered over us.Gradually the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind.Then we turned a corner and stoppedand I gasped in amazement.From the
15、top of the mountain,sloping for several acres across folds and valleys,were rivers of daffodils in radiant bloom.A profusion(大量)of colorfrom the palest ivory to the deepest lemon to the most vivid salmonblazed like a carpet before us.It looked as though the sun had tipped over and spilled gold down
16、the mountainside.At the center there was a waterfall of purple flowers.Here and there were coral-colored tulips.Western bluebirds frolicked(嬉戏)over the heads of the daffodils,their tawny breasts and sapphire wings like a flutter of jewels.A riot of questions filled my mind.Who created such beauty?Ho
17、w?When?As we approached the home that stood in the center of the property,we saw a sign that read:“Answers to the Question I Know You Are Asking.”The first answer was“One WomanTwo Hands,Two Feet,and Very Little Brain”.The second was“One at a Time”.The third was“Started in 1958”.As we drove home,I wa
18、s so moved by what we had seen,I could scarcely speak.“She changed the world,”I finally said,“One bulb at a time.She started almost 60 years ago,probably just the beginning of an idea,but she kept at it.”The wonder of it would not let me go.“Imagine,”I said.“If Id had a vision and worked at it,just
19、a little bit every day,what might I have accomplished?”Caronlyn looked at me sideways,smiling.“Start tomorrow,”she said.“Better yet,start today.”【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的一次野外经历并从这次经 历中感触到成功在于点滴的积累。4.The passage is mainly about _.A.a successful gardenerB.an inspiring gardening lessonC.a worthwhile trave
20、lling experienceD.unexpected countryside scenery【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者和女儿在野外遇到了大片的水仙花,并对作者触动很大,由此可知,这是一次很有价值的经历。5.The author gasped in amazement because _.A.the road twisted and turned along the mountainB.the fog crowning the mountain lifted eventuallyC.the owner of the field came to answer her ques
21、tionsD.the vast stretch of daffodil field took her breath away【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第十一段的From the top of the mountain,sloping for several acres across folds and valleys,were rivers of daffodils in radiant bloom.可知,作者惊奇的是看到从山顶上,绵延几英亩的坡地,穿过山峦和山谷,水仙花如河流般灿烂地绽放着。6.What can be inferred from the story?A.The beaut
22、iful daffodil field was all along the road.B.The author and her daughter planned the journey well.C.The owner of the field spent a lot of time working in the field.D.The author planned to work in the daffodil field the next day.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章的倒数第五段的内容,尤其是Started in 1958.可推断出,这片田地的主人付出了很长时间的工作和努力才
23、种出了这片花海。7.What lesson did the author learn from this trip?A.East or west,home is best.B.It is never too old to learn.C.Birds of a feather flock together.D.Rome is not built in a day.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段作者说的话“Imagine,”I said,“if Id had a vision and worked at it,just a little bit every day,what might
24、I have accomplished?”可知,作者的感触:成功在于点滴的积累。D项,罗马非一日建成,符合题意。C Last July,Angela Peters,36,rolled her wheelchair into a nail salon located at the Walmart shopping center in Burton,Michigan,with the idea of painting her nails.But Peters,who has cerebral palsy(脑瘫),was turned away.The salon(which is not owne
25、d by Walmart),she says,told her that they wereafraid it would be too difficult to properly do the job given that her hands shook.What was meant to be a day of beauty bliss for Peters was now a disappointment.Watching the interaction from a few feet away was a Walmart cashier about to go on her break
26、.Ebony Harris,40,recognized Peters as a Walmart regular.Now what she recognized in Peters was a kindred spirit.“Shes just like you,me,my daughter,anybody,”Harris told ABC News,“She wants to look pretty.So why cant she?”Harris approached Peters.“Do you want me to do your nails?”she asked.A smile spre
27、ad across Peters face.“Yeah!”Having found a table for two,Harris gently took Peters hand into hers and carefully began painting her nails.“I was a little nervous and was shaking because I didnt want to mess her nails up,”Harris admitted.“I told her shes a blessing to anybody,not just me.She makes me
28、 look at life and appreciate it much more than I have.”Watching it all with amazement and admiration was Subway employee Tasia Smith.What struck her most was the ease and gentleness displayed by Harris as she painted Peters nails,all the while chatting as if they were old friends.Smith was so taken
29、by the scene that she wrote about it on Facebook.“They were so patient with her,”she wrote.“Thanks to the Walmart worker for making this beautiful girls day!”Peters,who runs a poetry website,harbors no bitterness toward the nail salon that turned her away.“When people do us wrong,we must forgive,”Pe
30、ters wrote on Facebook.“I just want to educate people that those with different challenges,like being in a wheelchair,can have our own business andget our nails done like anyone else.”【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了脑瘫患者Angela Peters想要做美 甲,但却因为自身的缺陷使得别人不敢为她服务。沃尔玛的一位员工看到这件 事后主动为她做了美甲。一名地铁员工将此事写在了自己的社交网络上,Peters也在
31、自己的社交网络上写到不同的人,哪怕坐在轮椅上,也能有自己的事 业,也能像别人一样做漂亮的指甲。8.Why was Peters declined when she wanted to have her nails painted?A.She insisted on sitting in a wheelchair.B.She was not a regular customer of the salon.C.Her hands shook involuntarily due to disability.D.There was no need for her to have nails paint
32、ed.【解析】选C。细节理解题。第一段提到“But Peters,who has cerebral palsy,was turned away.The salon(which is not owned by Walmart),she says,told her that they were afraid it would be too difficult to properly do the job given that her hands shook.”当Peters想去做美甲的时候却被拒绝了,因为美甲沙龙里的服务员告诉她因为她的手会抖,所以给她做美甲是一件非常困难的事情。9.It can
33、be inferred from“a kindred spirit”in Paragraph 2 that _.A.Peters was in high spirits just like others around herB.Peters was approached with special attention and careC.Peters was more tolerant of the denial than normal peopleD.Peters was no different from the people around her【解析】选D。词义猜测题。第二段中提到“Sh
34、es just like you,me,my daughter,anybody”沃尔玛的员工Harris觉得Peters就像是你,我,也像是她的女儿,就跟平常人没有任何不一样的地方。10.In Paragraph 4,Harris referred to Angela Peters as“a blessing”because _.A.Peters deserved to be happy and be treated kindlyB.Harris was reminded why she should be gratefulC.Harris felt obliged to offer her
35、a hand on a voluntary basisD.Peters got her nails done despite the previous rejection【解析】选B。推理判断题。第四段最后一句提到“She makes me look at life and appreciate it much more than I have.”在Harris帮Peters做美甲的过程中,她是非常小心翼翼的,因为Peters的出现让Harris比以前更多地观察生活,并欣赏生活。从而推断出这使得Harris想起为什么她应该心存感激。11.What may be Angela Peters gu
36、iding principle in life?A.Beauty is about having a pretty mind,a pretty soul,as well as pretty poetry.B.Forgive others who have wronged us,and we are likely to enjoy our life more.C.Being grateful is a way to sing for our life which comes just from our love and hope.D.Life is a mirror and will refle
37、ct back to the thinker what he thinks into it.【解析】选B。推理判断题。最后一段第二句提到“When people do us wrong,we must forgive”当人们对我们做了不好的事时,我们要原谅他们。即原谅那些曾经伤害过我们的人,我们就会更享受我们的生活。由此判断Peters想要过一种更包容的生活,并且享受生活。D Genetic modification(基因修饰)dates back to ancient times,when humans influenced genetics by selectively breeding
38、organisms(培育生物)according to an article by Gabriel Rangel,a public health scientist at Harvard University.When repeated over several generations,this process leads to great changes in the organisms.Dogs were likely the first animals to be purposefully genetically modified,with the beginnings of that
39、effort dating back about 32,000 years,according to Rangel.Wild wolves joined our hunter-gatherer ancestors in East Asia,where the aggressive canines were kept in the household and bred to become docile and easier to get along with.Over thousands of years,people bred dogs with different desired chara
40、cter and physical characteristics,eventually leading to the wide variety of dogs we see today.The earliest known genetically modified plant is wheat.This valuable crop is thought to have originated in the Middle East and northern Africa in the area known as the Fertile Crescent,according to a 2015 a
41、rticle published in theJournal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine.Ancient farmers selectively bred wheat grasses beginning around 9000 B.C.to create improved varieties with larger grains and hardier seeds.By 800 B.C.,the cultivation(培 养)of improved wheat had spread across Europe and Asia.The
42、continued selective cultivation of wheat resulted in the thousands of varieties that are grown today.Corn has also experienced some of greatest genetic changes over the past few thousand years.The main crop was changed from a plant known as teosinte,a wild grass with tiny ears and only a few seeds.O
43、ver time,farmers selectively bred the teosinte grasses to create corn with large ears bursting withseeds.Beyond those crops,many of the fruit and vegetables we eat today,including bananas,apples and tomatoes,have experienced several generations of selective raising,according to Rangel.In 1973,resear
44、chers also modified bacteria to be used as drugs.In 1982,human insulin(胰岛素)made from genetically engineered bacteria became the first genetically engineered human drugs approved by the FDA.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。哈佛大学公共卫生科学家Gabriel Rangel的一篇文章称,基因修饰可以追溯到古代,当时人类通过选择性繁殖生物体来影响基因。经过几代人的重复,这个过程会导致生物体发生巨大变化。文章主要介绍了
45、有关基因改造的相关内容。12.What does the word“docile”in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A.Gentle.B.Loyal.C.Smart.D.Ambitious.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上文“.the aggressive canines were kept in the household and bred.”及画线词后“.easier to get along with.”可推断好斗的犬科动物被养在家里,并被培育成温顺、容易相处的动物,由此可知画线词意思是“温顺的”。13.How did the ancient farme
46、rs try to improve wheat?A.Through selective cultivation.B.By editing its genes constantly.C.Through mixture with teosinte.D.By planting it in large numbers.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中Ancient farmers selectively bred wheat grasses beginning around 9000 B.C.to create improved varieties with larger grains and
47、hardier seeds.可知大约从公元前9000年开始,古代农民选择性地培育小麦草,以创造出更大的谷物和更坚韧的种子的改良品种。由此可知,古时候的农民是通过选择性栽培来改良小麦的。14.What can we infer about genetic modification?A.It is rarely seen in daily life.B.It is quite difficult to accept.C.It is hardly influenced by humans.D.It has played a role in medical field.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最
48、后一段中In 1982,human insulin made from genetically engineered bacteria became the first genetically engineered human drugs approved by the FDA.可知1982年,由基因工程细菌制成的人体胰岛素成为第一个被FDA批准的基因工程人体药物。由此可推断,基因改良在医疗领域起着一定的作用。15.From which section of a newspaper is the text most probably taken?A.Health.B.Lifestyle.C.S
49、cience.D.Agriculture.【解析】选C。文章出处题。根据第一段Genetic modification dates back to ancient times,when humans influenced genetics by selectively breeding organisms according to an article by Gabriel Rangel,a public health scientistat Harvard University.When repeated over several generations,this process leads
50、 to great changes in the organisms.可知哈佛大学公共卫生科学家Gabriel Rangel的一篇文章称,基因修饰可以追溯到古代,当时人类通过选择性繁殖生物体来影响基因。经过几代人的重复,这个过程会导致生物体发生巨大变化。结合本文主要介绍了基因修饰的相关内容,由此可推断,本文最有可能出自报纸的“科学”版块。.七选五 People often say that“failure is the mother of success”.16 As a result,Manalo,a professor of educational psychology in Japan
51、says,“We know we shouldnt give up when we failbut in reality,we do.”Manalo and Manu,a professor of learning sciences in Swiss,put together a special issue(专利)last December on benefiting from failure.The issues 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for achievingsuccess.
52、17 Another confirmed that advice on failures is most constructivewhen the receiver is prepared to experience unpleasant feelings.Manalo and his co-authors also focused on overcoming one everyday formof failure:not completing a task.They asked 131 students to write an article about their school exper
53、iences.Half of the students received instructions for their writing,and half were left to their own.18 Afterward the researchers found that those in the instructed group were more willing tocomplete their articles,compared with those who lacked guidanceeven if thelatter were closer to being done.19
54、20 Stephanie Couch,the director of the Lemelson-MIT Program,holds the opinion.Couch,whose work was also featured in the special issue,says that we should tell them to think of failure as part of a process toward success.A.However,all were stopped before finishing.B.The saying shows the importance of
55、 success.C.Teaching students not to fear failure makes goals achieved more easily.D.One study reported that the sooner students fail,the sooner they can move forward.E.They believed that learning how to fail can help people avoid becoming lasting failures.F.Though having some truth to it,the saying
56、does not tell us how to turn a loss into a win.G.Knowing how to finish,in other words,was more important than being close to finishing.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。人们常说“失败是成功之母”。这句话虽然有 一定道理,但并没有告诉我们如何化输为胜。文章主要介绍了日本教育心理学 教授Manalo的一项研究表明学生越早失败,他们就能越早前进。告诉我们要教 会学生不要害怕失败,这会让目标更容易实现。16.【解析】选F。根据上文People often say that“
57、failure is the mother of success”.可知人们常说“失败是成功之母”。以及第二段中The issues 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for achievingsuccess.可知本期的15项研究为教师和教育研究者提供了成功的指南。由此可知,本句承接上文对“失败是成功之母”这句话进行评价,认为虽然说得有道理,但是也指出这句话并没有告诉我们如何将失败变成胜利,与后文一项研究提供了成功指南相呼应。故F选项“这句话虽然有一些道理,但并没有告诉我们如何将失败变成胜利
58、”符合上下文语境,故选F。17.【解析】选D。根据后文Another confirmed that advice on failures is most constructive when the receiver is prepared to experience unpleasant feelings.可知另一项研究证实,当接受失败的人准备经历不愉快的感觉时,关于失败的建议最有建设性。由此可知,本句是在说明一项研究结果,且后文Another与D选项中One相对应,one.another.表示“一个另一个”。故D选项“一项研究表明,学生越早失败,他们就能越早进步”符合上下文语境,故选D。18
59、.【解析】选A。根据本段第一句Manalo and his co-authors also focused on overcoming one everyday form of failure:not completing a task.可知Manalo和他的合著者们还专注于克服一种常见的失败:没有完成任务。由此可知,这项研究需要在学生们完成写作任务之前就停止。故A选项“然而,所有这些都在完成前停止了”符合上下文语境,故选A。19.【解析】选G。根据上文Afterward the researchers found that those in theinstructed group were
60、more willing to complete their articles,compared with those who lacked guidanceeven if the latter were closer to being done.可知之后,研究人员发现,接受指导的小组与缺乏指导的小组相比,更愿意完成他们的文章即使后者更接近完成。由此可知,本句承接上文说明,这项研究结果证明,知道如何完成比接近完成更重要。故G选项“换句话说,知道如何完成比接近完成更重要”符合上下文语境,故选G。20.【解析】选C。根据后文Stephanie Couch,the director of the L
61、emelson-MIT Program,holds the opinion.Couch,whose work was also featured in thespecial issue,says that we should tell them to think of failure as part of a process toward success.可知Lemelson-MIT项目主任Stephanie Couch持有这种观点。Couch的作品也出现在本期特刊中。他说,我们应该告诉他们,失败是走向成功的过程中的一部分。由此可知,失败是走向成功的过程中的一部分,因此要教会学生不要害怕失败,反而会让目标更容易实现。故C选项“教学生不要害怕失败会让目标更容易实现”符合上下文语境,故选C。
