1、第3讲 词性转换【技法一】提示词为名词时,确定其正确形式的解题技巧技法探究素养提升1.【解析】seasons。考查名词复数。此处指人们学会了随着季节的变化进行工作。一年有四个季节,应用season的复数。2.【解析】beautiful。考查词性转换。和long一起修饰后面的名词branches,应用形容词。3.【解析】students。考查名词所有格。此处student和后面的名词future之间是所属关系,应用名词所有格。【技法点金】1.牢记名词变复数的几种情况2.熟记名词变动词和形容词的后缀前缀/后缀示例en-courage n.勇气encourage vt.鼓励-enstrength n
2、.力气strengthen vt.加强-izeapology n.道歉apologize v.道歉-alnature n.自然natural adj.自然的-yhealth n.健康healthy adj.健康的-fulhelp n.帮助helpful adj.有帮助的-ousdanger n.危险dangerous adj.危险的-iveimpression n.印象impressive adj.印象深刻的-ibleaccess n.进入,使用权,通路accessible adj.容易取得的【过关检测】1.(2020新高考卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries,_(
3、wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.2.(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many _(tradition)storiesabout Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.3.(2018全国卷)A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths fr
4、om all _(cause).4.(2018浙江高考)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese _(dish)is seen as especially troublesome.wealthytraditionalcausesdishes5.(2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,doexercises to _(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get g
5、ood running shoes.6.(2018全国卷)Running is cheap,easy and its always _(energy).7.(2020烟台一模)Angels at Bat has now grown to include nine _(branch)in eight states around the USA.strengthenenergeticbranches【技法2】提示词为形容词或副词时,确定其正确形式的解题技巧1.【解析】extremely。考查词性转换。修饰形容词challenging要用副词。2.【解析】finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修
6、饰的是work,根据后文中the best可知应填fine的最高级finest。3.【解析】unfortunately。考查词性转换。根据语境可知,“没有确凿的证据”是件不幸的事情,应用unfortunately。【技法点金】1.熟记形容词变副词的规则情况变化规则示例一般情况直接加-lybravebravely双音节、多音节,以-y结尾变y为i,再加-lyeasyeasily happyhappily单音节,以-y结尾直接加-lydrydryly shyshyly 以-le结尾去e加-ysimplesimply gentlegently以元音字母+-e结尾去e加-lytruetruly以-ll
7、结尾只加-yfullfully dulldully以-ic结尾加-allybasicbasicallyscientificscientifically2.牢记形容词变名词的后缀后 缀示 例-ageshort adj.短缺的shortage n.不足;短缺-cyfluent adj.流利的fluency n.流利;流畅-domwise adj.聪明的wisdom n.明智;智慧-encedifferent adj.不同的difference n.差异-nessweak adj.虚弱的weakness n.虚弱;弱点-thstrong adj.强壮的strength n.力气,优势-ydiffic
8、ult adj.困难的difficulty n.困难-tysafe adj.安全的safety n.安全-ityresponsible adj.负责的responsibility n.责任3.牢记比较等级的常见结构(1)句中含有than,much,any,far,still,even,a bit,a lot等时,要用比较级。(2)the+比较级.the+比较级 越越(3)比较级+and+比较级 越来越(4)the+比较级+of the two+名词复数 两者中较的那个(5)the+最高级+in(of,among).在某范围内最【易错警示】理清语境,谨防比较混乱If you feel stres
9、sed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of _(great)and less importance.(变式)Long-distance race is won by the runner with the _(great)endurance.答案:greater greatest【剖析】题中空格处和后面的less并列,指两种不同性质的工作,填greater;题中空格处暗指与所有runners(三者以上)的比较,空格前的定冠词the也是最高级的标志之一,所以填greate
10、st。【过关检测】1.(2020全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular _(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.2.(2020全国卷)_(certain)during the holiday period,this plant is amust.3.(2020新高考卷)Historical _(accurate)is important but so is entertai
11、nment.4.(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved _(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.interestCertainlyaccuracygently5.(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many traditional stories aboutHawaii that were _(huge)popular with tourists.6.(2018全国卷)He
12、 screams the _(loud)of all.7.(2018浙江高考)There could be an even _(high)cost on your health.8.(2020泰安模拟)Lei Haiwei,a 37-year-old fast food courier,from Central Chinas Hunan Province was _(brilliant)crowned champion in a televised Chinese poetry knowledge contest,winning fans over with his true lovefor
13、ancient poems.hugelyloudesthigherbrilliantly【技法3】提示词为代词时,确定其正确形式的解题技巧1.【解析】them。考查代词。空格前面是动词,空格处应用宾格。2.【解析】themselves。考查词性转换。根据句意“参观者们利用计算机模拟,想象着他们自己生活在历史上的不同时期或者行走在热带雨林”可知,应用反身代词。3.【解析】its。考查词性转换。根据结构可知空格处的词应是plans的定语,故需填形容词性物主代词its。【技法点金】牢记代词的句法功能1.人称代词:人称代词的主格主要作主语;宾格作宾语或表语。2.物主代词:形容词性的物主代词只能作定语;
14、名词性的物主代词可作主语、宾语或表语。3.反身代词:作宾语、表语或同位语。【易错警示】逻辑关系不明,代词形式错用She is a big help when I need someone to quiz _(I)for a test or check my homework.She is a big help when I need to quiz _(I)for a test or check my homework.答案:me myself【剖析】题作quiz的宾语,与quiz的逻辑主语并非同一人,应用人称代词的宾格me;题也作quiz的宾语,但与quiz的主语是同一人,应用反身代词mys
15、elf。【过关检测】1.(2019北京高考)Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to _(I)the two simple words“Be yourself”.2.(2018浙江高考)One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause _(they)to stay awake almost all night.3.(2020厦门一模)Han Gan,a leading horse painter of the Tang Dynasty,is known fo
16、r capturing the physical features of the animal and_(it)inner spirit.4.To _(she)credit,those on-court achievements,along with Ls engaging personality,helped spur interest in tennis at home in China.myselfthemitsher【小题夯基练】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.(2020金华二模)The way we drive into a line of traffic causes _(prob
17、lem).2.(2020宁波二模)I noticed a young Chinese couple staring at _(we)when wecame to a crossroad and were waiting for the light to change.3.(2020驻马店模拟)“Autumn”caught on quickly,likely because it replaced the _(origin)name“harvest”.4.(2020大连一模)They thought that the receivers would feel _(awkward)and unco
18、mfortable over the letters than they actually were.新题精练素养应用problemsusoriginalmore awkward5.(2020威海一模)Leather is a hugely popular material for a range of products,but this _(popular)comes at a price.6.(2020昆明三模)“I became famous _(instant)and was given a nickname Uncle Hanzi,”,Sears said with a smile.
19、7.(2020烟台一模)So if you are passionate about something,stick to it and through hard work,you _(true)can make your dream come true,”says Max.8._(fortunate)Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed hisviews and died on January 30th,1948.popularityinstantlytrulyUnfortunately【大题提能练】.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空This year
20、,an outbreak of the 2019-nCoV cast a shadow over Chinese New Year celebrations.1._(impressive),many people banded2._(they)together to fight against the 3._(dead)virus,including Chinese celebrities.Actress Barbie Hsus husband Wang Xiaofei said in a Weibo post thatHsu had bought 10,000 4._(mask)to be
21、donated to the people of Wuhan,China.Wang said,“My wife bought 10,000 masks from Japan.Today,were sending them to a contact of mine in Wuhan and hell help us to donate them.ImpressivelythemselvesdeadlymasksMoving forward,we will find more 5._(profession)surgical face masks in Japan.”Artist Louis Koo
22、 donated 10 million yuan to the Wuhan Benevolent General Association to help purchase 6._(medicine)supplies.Actor Zhu Yilong,who is from Wuhan,donated one million yuan,and also gave words of 7._(encourage)to a doctor on“24-hour standby”.The doctor said on Weibo that she could not join her family for
23、 Chinese New Year as she had to attend to dozens of 8._(patient)infectedby the virus,and tagged(附上)Zhu in her post.Zhu 9._(immediate)responded to her,and said,“You can do it!You have to protectprofessionalmedicalencouragementpatientsimmediatelyyourself,so you can help more people.”Netizens from arou
24、nd the world also collected medical supplies to helpChinese people beat the virus.All of 10._(they)are great people.them.综合填空Passage 1SpaceX is planning to send up to four private citizensinto space to take a trip around Earth sometimeat the end of 2021 or in early 2022.The spaceflight company annou
25、nced an 1._(agree)with Space Adventures,a space tourism business that had helped seven 2._(differ)private citizens take trips to(and from)the International Space Station(ISS)aboard Russias Soyuz rocket and spacecraft.SpaceX 3._(spend)the last few years building and testing outthis new version of Dra
26、gon.Theprivate space flight company 4._(recent)completed the second major flight test of the Crew Dragon,as its called,which showed the capsules ability to escape 5._ exploding rocket.While little is known about the newly-announced flight,SpaceX has detailed the inside of the Crew Dragon spacecraft
27、6._will take the tourists around the Earth.There are a few seats and an array of touch-screensin the capsule.The spacecraft 7._(surround)by windows,though theyre not as large as the ones Blue Origin built into its own capsule.SpaceX has also shown custom-designed spacesuits and helmets that Crew Dra
28、gonpassengers will wear.The suits look 8._(small)than past designs,but they are still pressurized and can resist flame.They come with touch-screen compatible(兼容的)gloves,and will lock 9._ the seats for the ride up to space.Other private spaceflight companies are trying 10._(establish)the space touris
29、m market.Richard Branson s Virgin Galactic and Jeff Bezoss Blue Origin are in the running.【文章大意】据国外媒体报道,太空探索技术公司SpaceX计划在 2021年底或2022年初将普通公民送入太空遨游。1.【解析】agreement。考查词性转换。冠词后应用名词。2.【解析】different。考查词性转换。修饰名词citizens,应用形容词。3.【解析】has spent。考查时态。根据the last few years可知,谓语动词与现在有关,应用现在完成时。4.【解析】recently。考查词
30、性转换。修饰动词complete,应用副词。5.【解析】an。考查冠词。泛指一艘火箭,应用不定冠词,且又在exploding之前,应用不定冠词 an。6.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。spacecraft后是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,且先行词指物,应用that或which引导定语从句。7.【解析】is surrounded。考查时态和语态。surround和主语the spacecraft之间是被动关系,且是客观事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态。8.【解析】smaller。考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知,应用比较级。9.【解析】into。考查介词。lock into固定在里。
31、10.【解析】to establish。考查非谓语动词。try to do sth.努力做某事。Passage 2(2020常德一模)The driver,Zhang Sai,hovered(踌躇)outside 1._apartment building in Wuhan,the central Chinese city at the heart of the 2019-nCoV outbreak.He 2._(order)not to take food to customers doors in order 3._(minimize)the risk of infection.But t
32、he woman on the phone was pleading(恳求),he recalled.The food was for her mother,4._ couldnt go down to meet him.Mr Zhang agreed.He would drop off the order and get away as 5._(quick)as possible.As he placed the bag 6._ the floor,Mr Zhang said,the door opened.Frightened,he rushed away.Without thinking
33、,he said,hejabbed(戳)the elevator button with his finger,7._(touch)a surface hefeared could transmit the virus.That was how Mr Zhang,32,found 8._(him)speeding back tohis delivery station with one finger held aloft(高高举着一根手指),careful not to touch the rest of his hand a quarantine in miniature(一个小型隔离现场)
34、.For many in China,delivery drivers like Mr Zhang are the only 9._(connect)to the outside world.Once a ubiquitous but invisible presence on the streets of nearly every Chinese city,the drivers are now being regarded as 10._(hero).【文章大意】疫情期间,快递小哥给外界和居民之间搭起了一座桥梁。1.【解析】an。考查冠词。泛指一座公寓大楼,应用不定冠词,apartment
35、前应用不定冠词an。2.【解析】had been ordered。考查时态和语态。谓语动词order和主语He之间是被动关系,且发生在hovered之前,即“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时的被动语态。3.【解析】to minimize。考查非谓语动词。in order to do sth.为了做某事,应用不定式。4.【解析】who。考查定语从句。who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰her mother;从句中缺少主语,且指人,应用who引导定语从句。5.【解析】quickly。考查词性转换。修饰动词get away,应用副词。6.【解析】on。考查介词。on the floor在地板上,应用on。7
36、.【解析】touching。考查非谓语动词。touch和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。8.【解析】himself。考查词性转换。作found的宾语,且和主语是同一人,应用反身代词。9.【解析】connection。考查词性转换。定冠词the后应用名词。10.【解析】heroes。考查名词复数。作介词as的宾语,且指的是drivers,应用名词复数。Passage 3(2020眉山二模)Music education can change the track of a childs life.Music education helps build 1._(confident).
37、While sports can do the same thing,one thing about music classes 2._(be)that they allow a child 3._(make)mistakes without a large group watching his/her every move.There is a time and place for group learning,4._some people say children grow on the one-on-one instruction most music classes offer.Whe
38、n they learnhow to play songs,they feel like they are on top of the world and can do5._(big)and greater things.Music education aids in academic improvement.It is 6._major benefit for many people.They excel academically after they begin taking piano lessons.They end up 7._(graduate)as valedictorians(
39、优秀毕业生)of a small high school,and they graduate with honors from college.Music education teaches self-discipline and requires focused attention.These are both skills 8._ are needed for academic success as well.Music education can benefit a child financially.Yes,music education is not cheap,but it can
40、 be 9._(afford).The return can bring many positive 10._(reward)for a child for the rest of his or her life.【文章大意】音乐教育可以改变孩子的人生轨迹。1.【解析】confidence。考查词性转换。作build的宾语,应用名词。2.【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。此处讲述的是客观事实,且主语one thing是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用一般现在时的单数形式。3.【解析】to make。考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事,应用不定式作宾语补足语。4.【解
41、析】but/yet。考查连词。上下文之间是转折关系,应用but或yet。5.【解析】bigger。考查形容词的比较级。根据greater可知,此处应用big的比较级。6.【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指benefit,应用不定冠词a。7.【解析】graduating。考查非谓语动词。end up doing是固定搭配。8.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。skills后是定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,先行词指物,应用that或which引导。9.【解析】affordable。考查词性转换。系动词be后应用形容词作表语。10.【解析】rewards。考查名词复数。many修饰可数名词复数。【加
42、固训练】Passage 1(2020重庆二模)Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Tokyo 2020 Games will be madefrom recycled mobile phones donated by the public.Olympic host cities have 1._(tradition)obtained the metal from mining firms.But Japan,2._lacks its own mineral resources,is keen on taking the theme of a sustai
43、nable future a step 3._(far).“A project which allows the people of Japan 4._(participate)in creating the medals is really good,and helps raise the environmentalawareness of our citizens,”said Tokyo 2020 sports 5._(direct)KojiMurofushi.“6._ the resources of our earth are limited,we need to recycle mo
44、re and avoid waste.This program is setting an example.”Collection boxes have been placed in local offices and telecom stores and they will remain there until the metal required 7._(collect).Members of the organizing committee put forward the idea 8._government officials and companies earlier this ye
45、ar and won their support.As a result,the medals hanging around Olympic winners necks will carry even more meaning than usual.Peoples personal memories,once 9._(store)in their smartphones and other handheld devices,will takeshape of an Olympic medal,one of the most precious 10._(prize)in sport.【文章大意】
46、2020年东京奥运会和残运会的奖牌将由公众捐赠的回收旧手机制成。1.【解析】traditionally。考查词性转换。修饰动词obtain应用副词。2.【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,且先行词是Japan,应用which引导。3.【解析】further。考查比较级。根据语境可知此处应指进一步,用比较级further。4.【解析】to participate。考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事,应用不定式作宾语补足语。5.【解析】director。考查词性转换。Koji Murofushi是东京奥运会体育总监,应
47、用名词director。6.【解析】As/Because/Since。考查连词。上下文之间是因果关系,应用As/Because/Since引导原因状语从句。7.【解析】is collected/has been collected。考查时态和语态。until引导时间状语从句,主句用将来时,从句要用一般现在时或现在完成时;collect和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。8.【解析】to。考查介词。put forward sth.to sb.向提出,应用介词to。9.【解析】stored。考查非谓语动词。store和逻辑主语peoples personal memories之间是被动关系,应用过
48、去分词。10.【解析】prizes。考查名词复数。one of后的名词应用复数。Passage 2(2020南宁三模)Kiyoto Saito is trying to change peoples opinion of agricultural workers through his unusual attire(打扮).Whether hes driving a tractor 1._standing in the fields,Kiyoto is always wearing an elegant suit.Kiyotos family has been planting rice fo
49、r around 400 years,but as a teenager he found the tradition 2._(bore)and moved to the city.Hereturned to his native town two years ago,and 3._(determine)to get involved in the family business.4._ idea of wearing a suit in the fields started as a joke.Oneday,his brother joked about farming in an eleg
50、ant suit,but Kiyoto took it 5._(serious).He viewed the idea as the perfect way to change the public opinion of agricultural workers.“Most people think of farmers6._dirty all day.I want youngsters to think farming looks fun.”he said.At first no one seemed 7._(understand)him.Even his family were surpr
51、ised by his 8._(choose)of farming attire.His grandfather worried 9._(do)farm work in a suit would be dangerous.Now Kiyoto is famous and has been invited on various television shows.He also has a blog where he regularly 10._(post)his farmingexperiences and photos of himself all dressed up.【文章大意】本文主要讲
52、了Kiyoto Saito想改变人们对农民穿着的传统观念的故事。在人们的观念里,在地里干活的农民一整天就是脏的。他通过穿着正装干农活来改变这种观念。1.【解析】or。考查连词。whether.or.不管还是,固定搭配。2.【解析】boring。考查词性转换。此处为结构“find sth.+形容词”,修饰tradition应用boring作宾语补足语。3.【解析】determined。考查时态。分析句子结构可知,and连接并列谓语,所以空处要用一般过去时。4.【解析】The。考查冠词。此处特指wearing a suit in the fields,应用定冠词,句首单词首字母要大写。5.【解析】seriously。考查词性转换。修饰动词took应用副词。take sth.seriously认真对待某事。6.【解析】as。考查介词。think of somebody as.“认为某人是”是固定搭配。7.【解析】to understand。考查非谓语动词。seem后用不定式作表语。8.【解析】choice。考查词性转换。his为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。9.【解析】doing。考查非谓语动词。worried后接的是省略that的宾语从句,从句动名词作主语。10.【解析】posts。考查主谓一致。根据regularly可知,应该用动词的一般现在时,主语为he,谓语应该用第三人称单数形式。
