1、必修 5 Unit 1Great scientists核心单词characteristiccharactercharacterize1._ n.特征；特性adj.典型的；独特的_ n.特征，性格_ vt.是的特征；以为典型scientificscientist2._ adj.科学的_ n.科学_n.科学家3._ vt.&vi.结束；推断出_n.结论；结束concludeconclusionscience4._ vt.分析_ n.分析_n.分析者，分析员5._ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n.失败6._ adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n.专家；行家7._ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加_n.出席；
2、参加8._ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n.暴露；曝光9._ n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗analysisanalystanalyseattendancedefeatexpertattendexposeexposurecure10._ n.挑战vt.向挑战_n.挑战者11._ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心12._ vt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯_ n.怀疑_ adj.有疑心的13._ vt.预见；预知14._ vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备15._ vt.污染；弄脏_ n.污染_ adj.受污染的challengechallengerabsorbforeseeblamesuspectsus
3、picionsuspiciouspollutepollutionpolluted16._ n.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵17._ vt.&n.连接；联系18._ vt.宣布；通知_ n.通知；宣告handlelinkannounceannouncement19._ vt.命令；指示；教导_ n.教授；传授；指示，说明20._ vt.建设；修建_ n.建设；建筑物instructinstructionconstruct construction21._ vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助_n.贡献contributecontributionpositivepositively22._ adj.积极的；
4、肯定的；确实的_adv.积极地；肯定地23._ adj.热情的；热心的_n.热心；热情24._ adj.小心的；谨慎的_ n.小心；谨慎enthusiasticenthusiasmcautiouscaution25._ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃_ n.拒绝；抛弃rejectrejection常考短语1._ forward 提出2.draw a _ 得出结论3._.to 使显露；暴露4.be to _ 应受到责备5.look _ 调查6._ down 慢下来7._.to.将和联系或连接起来8._ from 除之外；此外9.(be)_ with.对严格的putconclusionexposebla
5、meslowlinkapartstrictinto10.lead _ 引起；造成；导致11._ sense 讲得通；有意义12.be _ in 专注于 13._ to 有助于；为做贡献14._ addition 另外；此外tomakeabsorbedcontributein经典佳句NeithernorSomanyevery 1._ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。if2._ _ thousands of terrified people died_ _ there was an outbreak.因此每次霍乱爆发
6、时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。haditdelivered3.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,likedthe water from the pump so much that she _ _ to her house every day.有一位从宽街搬走的妇女，特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。4._ _ you put the sun there did themovements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能
7、说得清楚。timeOnly课文回顾John Snowa doctor,1._(attend)Queen Victoriaas her personal physician.But he was willing to help ordinarypeople 2._(expose)to cholera.Many people died everytime there was 3._ outbreak.He wanted 4._(face)the challenge and suggested that either cholera multiplied in the airor people 5.
8、_(absorb)this disease into their bodies andthe disease attacked the body.John Snow suspected the 6._(two)was right but he needed evidence.When another outbreak hitanattendedexposedto faceabsorbedsecondLondon in 1854，he was ready to begin his enquiry 7._tried to get information.He found that most of
9、the deaths were nearthe water pump and the spread of the disease was linked 8._water.With the evidence,he was able to 9._(announcement)that polluted water carried the virus.After that,hesuggested the source of all the water supplies be examined.Finally“King Cholera”10._(defeat).toandannouncewas defe
10、ated单句语法填空scientificconclusion1.Instead of introducing _(science)theories,hetells a story,within which he tries to make his points,perhaps inorder to keep the readers attention.2.In _ (conclude),I like being praised,but Iknow sometimes its not always good.analysts3.(2018 年天津卷阅读理解 C)The global popula
11、tion isexpected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050,and some _(analyse)estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50percent to maintain current levels.4.The failure was a big blow to him,but he wasnt discouragedand soon got as _(enthusiasm)as ever.5.The river is polluted and noise is another
12、 kind of serious_(pollute)here.enthusiasticpollution6.(2019 年新课标卷七选五型阅读理解)Professors are nottrained nurses,financial aid _(expert)or your best friends.7.The _(announce)of their marriage will appearin the local newspaper next week.expertsannouncement8.(2019 年新课标卷阅读理解D)These kids are so_(absorb)in the
13、ir studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.9.(2017 年新课标卷语法填空)Like anything,it is possibleto have too much of both,_ is not good for the health.10.(2019 年新课标卷阅读理解D)Not only is likabilityrelated to _(positively)life outcomes,but it is alsoresponsible for those outcomes,too.absorbedwhichpositive1.con
14、clude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclude(sth.)with.用结束(某事)conclude.from.从中推断出 to conclude 总之；最后conclusion n.结论；结束draw/come to/reach a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之；总的来说联想发散表示“总而言之”的表达方式还有：in short,in brief,in aword,all in all,to sum up,on the whole 等。运用单句语法填空(1)He concluded his speech _ a famous saying:Nopai
15、ns,no gains.withbe concludedIn(2)(2018 年江苏卷阅读理解 B)It can _(conclude)that restaurant keepers need not“be overly concernedabout bad tables,”given that theyre profitable.(3)_ conclusion,good interpersonal skills are a mustfor our future social life.conclusion(4)He drew a _(conclude)according to the the
16、ory.n.失败2.defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫suffer defeat 遭受失败易混辨析defeat,beat 和 win(1)defeat 的宾语是人或集体，尤指在战场上打败敌军或入侵者。(2)beat 的宾语是人或集体，常指在游戏或比赛中打败或战胜对手。(3)win 表示“赢得”时，其宾语多为 game,war,prize,match,battle 等词，一般不接人做宾语。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)他们的计划失败并非不够努力，而是缺乏资金。It was a lack of money,not effort,that _ _.defeatedtheirplandefeat(2
17、)正如所预料的一样，我们的棒球队再次失败了。As is expected,our baseball team has suffered another_.beatwon(3)上个星期天我们在比赛中打败了他们。We _ them in the game last Sunday.(4)我们篮球队最终赢得了这场比赛的胜利。Our basketball team finally _ the match.3.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使受的影响(或熏陶)expose sth./sb./oneself(to.)使显露或暴露某物/某人/自己exposed adj.(指地方)无遮蔽的；不挡风雨的
18、be exposed to 暴露于 exposure n.暴露；曝光用法指引(1)expose 是及物动词，其后必须接宾语或用于被动语态。(2)在短语“expose.to”和“be exposed to”中，to 是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。运用单句语法填空(1)Dont expose your skin _ direct sunlight,or youllget burnt.tobeing exposedexposed(2)Its generally believed that _(expose)toradiation is rather dangerous.exposing(3)Ta
19、ke care not to keep your children _(expose)to the bad books,net and magazines.(4)(2018 年江苏卷 阅读理解 D)She said social media firmswere _(expose)children to major emotional risks.4.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收 absorbed adj.被吸收的；专心致志的be absorbed in 全神贯注于；专注于be absorbed
20、by/into 被吞并；吸引 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的用法指引absorbedAbsorbedabsorbing表示“使全神贯注”的短语还有：be lost in,be buried in,fix/focus ones attention on,devote.to,concentrate ones mind on,apply oneself to,be addicted to 等。运用用 absorb 的适当形式填空(1)She seemed totally _ in his book.(2)_ in computer games,he didnt notice m
21、e.(3)The film is so _ that nobody left early.1.put forward 提出；推荐，提名；提前，把(时钟)往前拨put oneself/sb.forward as 自荐/提名或推荐某人为某职位的候选人put away 把放好/收好put off 推迟；延迟put out 熄灭put up with 忍受一词多义(1)They have put forward the date of their wedding by twoweeks.提前(2)As for the problem you put forward in your last lette
22、r,Ithink it is a wise choice for you to buy an edictionary.提出(3)I think he is fit for the position;therefore,Ill put himforward as a candidate.推荐(4)You ought to put your watch forward by 5 minutes.拨快运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)He put _ a new plan.(2)I dont know how his parents put up _ his behavior.(3)Do not pu
23、t _ till tomorrow what can be enjoyedtoday.forwardwithoff2.apart from 除之外；此外易混辨析 apart from,except for,except,besides 和 inaddition to(1)apart from 在表示“除外(别无)”时相当于 exceptfor，但 apart from 还有“除以外(还)”之意。另外，apartfrom,except for 都可用于句首，但 except 不能。(2)except 意为“除外”(不包括其后的宾语)。(3)except for 也表示“除以外”，用来表示理由或细
24、节。(4)besides 意为“除了还”(包括其后的宾语)。另外，besides 还可以做副词，表示“并且，而且”。(5)in addition to 相当于 besides，表示“除之外，还ApartfromBesides有”(包括除去内容在内)。运用 完成句子，每空一词(1)姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。_ _ the cost,the dress doesnt suit me.(2)除了名单上的名字之外，还有六个申请人。_ the names on the list,there are six other applicants.用上面的辨析词或短语填空(3)We go there e
25、very day _ Monday.(4)He is a good man _ his bad temper.(5)_ the killed and wounded,manywere missing.exceptexcept for/apart fromIn addition to/Besides3.look into 调查；观察；朝里面看look around/round/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料look back on 回顾；回想look down on 轻视look forward to 盼望look out 往外看；注意；当心look through 透过看
26、；浏览 look up 抬头看；查阅look for 寻找用法指引look into 与 ones face/eyes 等连用，表示“注视”。写作佳句He has promised to look into the matter.他已经答应对这次事件进行调查。运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)There was a fire in the hotel.The cause is now being looked_.(2)You can look _ this word in the dictionary.(3)(2018 年北京卷阅读理解B)If youre looking _ aunique a
27、dventure,the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the placeto be.intoupfor4.make sense 讲得通；有意义make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没有道理；没有意义in a sense 就某种意义上来说in no sense 决不There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。senseless adj.无意义的；无目的的；无知觉的sensible adj.明智的；理智的；合理的sensitive adj.体贴的；善解人意的；对敏锐的 写作佳句 Religion,o
28、n the other hand,attempts to make sense of theworld by seeing a kind of meaning or significance in things.另一方面，宗教尝试通过从事物中看到某种含义或者领悟到某种重要性的方式，来让这个世界变得有意义。运用完成句子，每空一词Innosense(1)你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。_ _ _ should you lose heart;keeptrying and you will make it sooner or later.madesenseofin a sense(2)是
29、语言帮助我塑造了我看待事物、表达想法和理解这个世界的方式。makes no senseno senseIt was the language that helped shape the way I saw things,expressed ideas,and _ _ _ the world.用 sense 相关短语的适当形式填空(3)What you say is true _.(4)That just _ to me.(5)There is _ in getting upset about it now.原句 1Neither its cause nor its cure was under
30、stood.人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。(1)neither.nor.表示“既不也不”，连接句中两个相同成分。(2)遵循“就近一致”原则的并列连词有：either.or.不是就是 not only.but also.不仅而且 not.but.不是而是 运用单句语法填空(1)(2018 年江苏卷阅读理解 D)They should _monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up tooearly,or they should adjust their websites to the needs of yo
31、ungerusers.eitherneitherhave seenis(2)To be honest,I have _ time nor money to attendsuch a party.(3)Not only she but also her husband and daughter_(see)the film The Monkey King already.(4)Either you or one of your students _(be)to attendthe meeting that is due tomorrow.原句 2 So many thousands of terr
32、ified people died everytime there was an outbreak.因此每次霍乱爆发时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”，相当于“when”。类似的时间状语有：each time 每次；每当at the time 在时候；在那时 any/next/the first/the last time 任何时间/下一次/第一次/最后一次the moment/the minute/the second/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly 一就 注意：以上词组引导时间状语从句，本身
33、相当于一个连词，其后面不可再加 when。运用完成句子，每空一词Every/Eachtime(1)每次我去看他，他都在专心看书。_ _ I went to see him,he was absorbed inreading.thenexttimeThefirsttime(2)(2018 年新课标卷阅读理解D)但如果下次你自己身处 陌生人群的时候，要了解到闲聊是划算的。But _ _ _ you find yourself amongstrangers,consider that small talk is worth the trouble.(3)他第一次去到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。_
34、_ _ he went to the city,he decidedto settle there.原句 3 To prevent this from happening again,John Snowsuggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。suggest that sb.(should)do sth.表示“建议/提议某人做某事”，其中 that 从句中的动词需要用虚拟语气，即：should动词原形，should 可以省略)。(1)主语suggest
35、(表明，暗示)that-clause(动词不需要用虚拟语气)；(2)suggest doing sth.，表示“建议做某事”。运用用所给词的适当形式填空(1)I suggested to him that the problem _(handle)in another way.(should)be handledtakingis(2)I suggested _(take)a walk after supper.(3)His pale face suggests that he _(be)in a bad state.运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵下来Throughout his
36、tory,scientists have made great contributions1._ the world.toareIn my opinion,scientists are those who 2._(be)strict with their work and are always 3._(absorb)in everything they do.absorbedcautiousA good scientist never jumps to a conclusion.Instead,he is4._(caution)of every conclusion he draws so t
37、hat heto testitnoexposedbe builtdevotedoes experiments again and again 5._(test)thetheory he has put forward.Scientists keep 6._ in mindthat a theory makes 7._ sense if it cant help the world thatis 8._ (expose)to unexpected dangers.In addition,agood theory must be a base on which other ideas can 9._(build).Because of this,its not rare for us to find scientists who10._(devotion)all their lives to a universal theory.
