1、Module 4 Great ScientistsPeriod OneIntroduction and WritingTeaching Aims1. Introduce some scientists and science to the students.2. Make sure the students can use simple English to introduce a famous scientist.3. Practice the students writing skill.Teaching Important Points Encourage the Ss to say a
2、nd learn some new words about science.Teaching Difficult Points How to write some facts about a famous person.Teaching Methods Individual work,pair work to get every student to participate in class.Teaching Aids Multimedia teaching,a blackboard and some chalks.Teaching ProceduresStep 1 Lead-in (Gree
3、t each other between the teacher and the class as usaul.)T: Now there are some pictures of famous figures on Page31. Do you know thier names?S1: Madame Curie. She is a famous physicist. She discovered Polonium and Radium in 1898. She got the Nobel Prize in 1911, and she got two Nobel Prizes. S2: Alb
4、ert Einstein. He invented the Theory of Relativity. He got the Nobel Prize in 1921. And he was also a famous physicist.Suggested answers(From the top left):1. Qian Xuesen:”father of Chinas aerospace” and “king of rockets”2. Marie Curie:physicist;discovered Polonium and Radium(1898); Nobel Prize:1911
5、3. Archimedes:”father of integral calculus”4. Albert Einstein:mathematical physicist;Theory of Relativity(1916); Nobel Prize:1921Step 2 Word studyT: look at the words in the box in Activity 2. Then match the words and definitions. First, read the words after me and pay attention to their pronunciati
6、on and stress! Please match them with their definitions quickly.(After a while,check the answers.) biochemistry biology botany chemistry genetics physics zoology Suggested answers: 1.zoology2.botany 3.biology 4.physics 5.biochemistry 6.chemistry 7.geneticsStep 3 Writing some factsT: Just now, we sha
7、re some information about some scientists. Which scientists do you know about?Ss: Edison, Newton, Nobel, .T: Good! Can you write down some facts about a famous scientist? There is an example for you. Newton was born in England in the 17th century. He discovered the laws of gravity. Now, work with yo
8、ur partner and write down some facts. S1: Marie Curie was born in Poland in 1867. She discovered two radioactive elements, Polonium and Radium and made great contribution to physics and chemistry. She got the Nobel Prize twice in her life. She is a great woman scientist in the world.T: Excellent job
9、! You give us a good example. Anyone else?(If time permits,give more students the chance to speak out what they have written down.)Suggested answer for reference:Francis Crick(born in 1916)was a British molecular biologist. He graduated from Cambridge in physics, and was a scientist with the navy fr
10、om 1940-1947. He then returned to Cambridge to work on the structure of molecules using X-ray crystallography. In 1951, with the American J.D.Watson, he started work on trying to describe the chemical structure of DNA. Using X-ray pictures they eventually described it as a double helix. He and Watso
11、n were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. In 1977, Crick went to work at the Salk Institute in San Francisco.Step 4 Reading and writing p37Read through the words in the box and have the students repeat them, paying attention to the words where the stress does not fall on the first syllable: cosmology,
12、 creation, diagnose, disability, diseasebest-seller(畅销书) cosmology(宇宙论) diagnose(诊断) disability(残疾)motor neurone disease(运动神经元病) victim(受害者)T: Now lets come to the following passage, which is about the famous scientist, Stephen Hawking. There are three paragraphs and disordered. Read them and number
13、 them in the correct order. While reading, try to get the main idea of each paragraph. Activity 2Suggested answers: 231T: Lets come to Activity 3. Write the number of the paragraph. Give the students two minutes to prepare, then collect their answers chorally and individually.Suggested answers: 1.Th
14、e third in the book. 2.The first in the book. 3.The second in the book.T: So much for this passage. Now we read some facts about Albert Einstein, another famous scientist in the world. There are some notes about him, read it and write there short paragraphs about him using the notes given. Activity
15、4Suggested answers:Albert Einstein was probably the most brilliant scientist of he twentieth century. Born in Ulm, Germany in 1879, he didnt speak until he was three, but then developed a strong interest in mathematics as a child. He had idea for his theory of relativity at the age of 16, although h
16、e didnt publish it until 1905, after he had studied physics in Zurich, Switzerland.He became a university teacher in 1905, and published the general theory of relativity in 1915. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics.When Hitler came to power, Einstein left Germany and went to live and
17、work in the USA. He died in 1955.Step 5 Summary and homeworkT: Today we learned some facts about some famous scientists and some names of scientific studies. Then we read some facts about Stephen Hawking, a famous disabled scientist and some facts about the famous scientist Albert Einstein. And prac
18、tise writing. Homework today is to write short passage about a famous scientist. Hand it in today. Thats all for today. Good-bye, everyone.Qian Xuesen Qian Xuesen is one of the pioneers of Chinas space science. A world-famous expert on aerospace rockets and aerodynamics, Qian has obtained great atta
19、inments in the areas of applied mechanics,engineering cybernetics and system engineering and made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace undertaking. He plays a leading role in the research, manufacture and testing of carrier rockets, guided missiles and s
20、atellites. Due to research and development led by Qian, China successfully exploded its first atom bomb in 1964, launched its first man-made satellite in 1970, fired its first transcontinental ballistic missile toward the Pacific in 1980, and launched its first manned spacecraft on Oct.15, 2003.In 1
21、955, six years later after the founding of New China, Qian Xuesen returned to the motherland. In 1956, Qian put forward “Proposal on the Development of Chinas Aviation Industry for National Defense” and assisted Zhou Enlai, the then premiere, and Marshal Nie Rongzheng to prepare the establishment of
22、 Chinas first missile and rocket R&D structure, the Fifth Research Institute of State Ministry of Defense. In the October of 1956, Qian assumed office of director-general with the fifth research institute. Henceforth, Qian has long been in charge of the chief technological officer with the R&D of Ch
23、inas missile, rocket and spacecraft, and has contributed great to the establishment and development of Chinas missile, rocket and spacecraft undertakings.Marie CurieMarie Curie,Polish scientist,was born in Warsaw,on November 7th,1867,and died in France,on 4th July 1934.Her single name was Maria Sklo
24、dowska.In Paris,Marie graduated in Mathematical and Physical Sciences.She got married in 1895 with the French physicist,Pierre Curie.In 1896,H.Becquerel suggested the theme of her Ph.D.thesis the study of natural radiation from uranium salts.During her work,the Curie couple discovered a new radioact
25、ive element named polonium in honor to Maries homeland.A few months later,they were able to discover radium for the first time.Together with Becquerel,she obtained the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.She founded the Radium Institute of Paris,and was the main responsible until her death.In 1911 she w
26、as awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany,in 1879.His father owned a factory that made electrical devices.His mother enjoyed music and books.His parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religions rules.As a child he always loved m
27、athematics,and he had his idea of the theory of relativity when he was only 16 years old.He published his special theory of relativity in 1905.In 1915,he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity.” He changed the way we understand the universe.In 1921,he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.It was gi
28、ven to him,not for his theories of relativity,but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.This scientific law explained how and why some metals give off electrons after light falls on their surfaces.The discovery led to the development of modern electronics,including radio and telev
29、ision.Albert Einstein taught in Switzerland and Germany.He left Germany when Adolph Hitler came to power in 1933.He moved to the United States to continue his research.He worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,New Jersey.Einstein became a citizen of the United States in Nineteen-For
30、ty.Albert Einstein opposed wars.Yet he wrote to President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939 to advise him that the United States should develop an atomic bomb before Germany did.Albert Einstein died in Nineteen-Fifty-Five.He was seventy-six years old.Archimedes阿基米德(Archimedes约公元前287前212)是古希腊著名的数学家和物理学家。静力学
31、和流体静力学的奠基人。公元前287年诞生于地中海西西里岛的叙拉古城（今意大利锡拉库萨）。他的父亲是古希腊天文学家和数学家。阿基米德从小深受父亲的影响,偏爱数学,很早就学习希腊著名数学家欧几里得（约前330前275）的几何学原理。11岁的时候,阿基米德去当时著名的文化中心尼罗河畔的亚历山大城学习。学习期间对数学、力学和天文学有浓厚的兴趣。在他学习天文学时,发明了用水力推动的星球仪,并用它模拟太阳、行星和月亮的运行及表演日食和月食现象。为解决用尼罗河水灌溉土地的难题,他发明了圆筒状的螺旋扬水器,后人称它为”阿基米德螺旋”。公元前240年,他学成后回到叙拉古,当了国王亥厄洛的顾问,帮助国王解决生产实
32、践、军事技术和日常生活中的各种科学技术问题。公元前212年,叙拉古城失陷,正在聚精会神地研究科学问题的阿基米德,不幸被蛮横的罗马士兵杀害。袁隆平袁隆平Yuan Longping(1930.9.7)出生于北平,1953年毕业于西南农学院。1964年开始研究杂交水稻,1973年实现三系配套,1974年育成第一个杂交水稻强优组合南优2号,1975年研制成功杂交水稻制种技术,从而为大面积推广杂交水稻奠定了基础。1985年提出杂交水稻育种的战略设想,为杂交水稻的进一步发展指明了方向。1987年任863计划两系杂交稻专题的责任专家,1995年研制成功两系杂交水稻,1997年提出超级杂交稻育种技术路线,20
33、00年实现了农业部制定的中国超级稻育种的第一期目标,2004年提前一年实现了超级稻第二期目标。1995年当选为中国工程院院士。先后获得”国家特等发明奖”“首届最高科学技术奖”等多项国内奖项和联合国”科学奖”“沃尔夫奖”“世界粮食奖”等11项国际大奖。出版中、英文专著6部,发表论文60余篇。1995年当选为中国工程院院士。 Period TwoVocabulary and ReadingTeaching Aims1. Learn some useful words an expressions and train the studentsreading ability.2. Learn info
34、rmation about Yuan Longping and let the Ss learn his spirits of diligence and perseverance.Teaching Important Points1. Make the Ss learn the story of Yuan Longping and his contribution to China as well as the world.2. Learn and master some important words and phrases in this period.Teaching Difficul
35、t Points1. How to help the students improve their reading ability and understand the passage better.2. How to master the important Language Points in this passage.Teaching Methods1. Fast reading to get the main idea of the text.2. Intensive reading to understand the passage better.3. Discussion to h
36、elp the students understand what theyve learned better.4. Explanation to help the students master some Language Points.Teaching Aids a tape recorder a multimedia(if possible)Teaching ProceduresStep 1 Greetings and RevisionT: (Greet the whole class as usual.) Now, lets have a quiz. (Show the followin
37、g on the screen.)Write the scientist by the statement.Example: She studies the structure of all living things. She is a biologist.1.She studied radioactivity. Shes a physicist.2.He works in a research laboratory which develops new types of plastics. Hes a chemist.3.He studies the behaviour of wild p
38、andas. Hes a zoologist.4.They discovered the life molecule(分子)DNA. They are geneticists.5.They are making a complete list of all the plants in the nature reserve(自然保护区). They are botanists.Step 2 Fast readingT: OK, so much for revision. (Write the title on the blackboardThe Student Who Asked Questio
39、ns).This is the title of the reading passage well learn today. Guess what the passage might be about. Ss: It may be about a hard-working student. I think it may be about a famous person.T: Yes, maybe. Now read the passage as quickly as you can and to check your guess. Meanwhile, try to get the main
40、idea of each paragraph. T: Lets see if your prediction is right. What is the text about?Ss: A famous scientistYuan Longping.T: Yes, you are quite right. Can you give us the main idea of each paragraph？(Encourage some student to tell about his or her idea.)Main idea of each paragraph:Paragraph 1: Yua
41、n Longping is a leading figure on the rice-growing world.Paragraph 2: As a boy,he was called “the student who asked questions”.Paragraph 3: As a young teacher,he began experiments in crop breeding.Paragraph 4: He discovered a new type of rice.Paragraph 5: His discoveries have brought in great profit
42、.Paragraph 6: The yield of the new hybrid rice is much greater than that of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.Step 3 Careful readingT: Read the passage again and underline the new words. After that, well do some other exercises. Look at the words on Page 33 in Activity 3. Match the words in the
43、box with the definitions.T: So much for Activity 3, now lets come to Activity 4. Well do another word exercise. Choose the correct meaning of the words in italics.T: Everyone of you did a good job. I think you have had a better understanding of the passage, now well do some True(T) or False(F) quest
44、ions. Activity 2(Ask the Ss to think of a different title for the passage and write down their titles on the blackboard and ask the Ss to vote on which one they think is the best.)Step 4 ConsolidationT: Now we have got a better understanding of the text. Lets see whether you have master the content
45、of the passage. Try to fill in the blanks to finish the whole passage.(Show the following on the screen.)Yuan Longping is a 1 figure in the rice-growing world. He was born and2in China. As a boy he was educated in many schools and interested in plants, so he was given the 3 “the student who asks que
46、stions”. As a young teacher, he began experiments in crop 4. He thought there was only one way to have more rice quickly. That was to cross different 5 of rice plant. Then he began to search for a special type of rice plant. Finally, a naturally6male rice plant was discovered in 1970. This was a7. A
47、s a result of his discovery, Chinas rice production rose 8 47.5% in the 1990s. And 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were 9 to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this, the new hybrid rice was 10 to other countries.Suggested answers:1.leading2.brought up3.nickname4.breeding
48、5.species6.sterile7.breakthrough8.by9.converted10.exportedStep 5 Summary and homeworkT: In this period we have learned the story of the famous scientistYuan Longping. He was hard-working and was called a student who asked questions. After years of hard work, he invented the hybrid rice, making a gre
49、at contribution to China and the world. We also learned some vocabulary and try to keep them in mind after class. While learning the text, learn from them and try our best to do what we can to serve our country. Your homework today is to read the text again after class and try to memorize the new wo
50、rds, expressions and some important structures in this period. Meanwhile, find some more knowledge about Yuan Longping on the Internet.Step 6 Language Points1、figure：n. 数字；图表；人物/肖像；身材。 vt. 计算(在内/出)；估计/有可能，认为/料想。Please add up the figures. 请把这些数字加起来。 She has a good figure. 她身材好。 In the rice-growing wo
51、rld, the Chinese scientist,Yuan Longping,is a leading figure.Figure the total and Ill pay it with a cheque. 请把总数算出来, 我用支票支付。That figure! 不出所料! public figure：名人; 知名人士。He is a key figure. 他是个关键人物。figure out：计算出; 想出; 弄明白。 I cant figure out why he quit his job. 摸不透他为什要辞掉工作。figure on：计划/预料; 指望。 I figure
52、on going over to town to pay a visit. 打算进城去拜访一个人。keep ones figure：保持体态苗条。 figure up：总计; 把加起来。It may take several hours to figure up these expenses. 把这些费用加起来也许要用好几个小时。2、bring up：培养；提出。Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China. 袁隆平在中国出生并长大。He was brought up by his grandparents in the country. 他由爷
53、爷奶奶在农村抚养长大。At the meeting they will bring up many problems and discussed them one by one.在会议上他们提出了很多问题,并且一个一个地进行了讨论。bring about：带来; 造成。 bring down：使倒下/使崩溃/降价。 bring forth：提出/出示/展示。bring forward：提前/出。 bring in：赚钱; 收获；引进/入。 bring on：使出现/发展/进步。bring out：取出/使显现出来/说出/出版。What brought about the change in h
54、is attitude? 是什么使他改变了态度？Theyll bring the date of their marriage forward from the 30th to the 28th. 他们将把结婚的日期从30号提前到28号。 少收入?How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year? 去年副业使这家农户增加了多A crisis brings out the best in her. 危机促使她表现得更出色。Study should bring on your maths. 学习会提高你的数学水平。3、by
55、：prep. 以/用, 借助于。 I improved my English by speaking more. 我通过多说提高了英语。She earned money by writing. 她靠写作挣钱。 We went by air. 我们乘飞机走。by and by不久。 by accident(chance)偶然。 by no means 绝不,一点也不。 by oneself 单独;独自的。4、result：n. 结果，效果。 v. 发生；导致。The result of the game was five-nothing. 比赛结果是五比零。If the police leave
56、,disorder will result. 警察一走,就会大乱。His success results from working hard. 他的成功来自勤奋。Their profligate lifestyle resulted in bankruptcy. 他们挥霍的生活方式导致破产。As a result,there is often trouble in American families. 因此,美国家庭中常常会出现麻烦事。as a result 因此;结果 without result 毫无结果 result from 由产生;因而产生 result in 导致The accid
57、ent resulted in his death. 这一车祸造成他的死亡。His father was seriously ill;as a result,he did not go with us. 父亲病得厉害,结果没跟我们一块去。The traffic accident resulted from the snow. 交通事故是因为下雪。5、convert：vt. 使转变；转换；兑换；使改变信仰（常与to,into连用）。We converted to Islam several years ago. 我们在几年前皈依伊斯兰教。That building has been conver
58、ted into a school. 那座楼房改成学校了。I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into US dollars. 我想把一些港元换成美元。She managed to convert him to her opinion. 她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。6、replace：vt. 取代;替换;把放回原处 = put.back; take the place of / take ones placeNothing can replace a mothers love and care. 没有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关心。You nee
59、d replace the book after you finish reading it. 读完之后,你要把书放回原处。The new city,Brasilia,replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in 1960.巴西利亚这座新城市于1960年取代了里约热内卢成了巴西的首都。Period ThreeFunction; Grammar 1，2Three Dimensional Teaching Aims1. Make the students learn to use the mathematical terms in a co
60、rrect way.2. Make sure the students can use the passive voice in different tenses and by+-ing form correctly.Teaching Important Points1. Teach the students how to read and write numbers in a correct way.2. Make sure the students can use the passive voice and by+-ing form correctly.Teaching Difficult
61、 PointsTo make them master the usage of the passive voice and by+-ing form.Teaching Methods Individual work and pair work to make every student work in class.Teaching Aids Multimedia & a blackboardTeaching ProceduresStep 1 Revision (Greetings as usual)T: First, lets have a dictation of the new words
62、 and expressions we learnt last class.1.staple 2.leading 3.figure 4.breeding 5.species 6.yield 7.original 8.sterile 9.convert10. breakthrough11.export12.hybrid13.replace 14.bring up15.as a result ofStep 2 FunctionT: Function in this module is about numbers. Now, look at Activity 1 on Page 35.Choose
63、the correct way of saying the numbers.1.5 000 000 (a)five million (b)five millions2.47.5% (a)forty seven half percent (b)forty seven point five percent3.632 (a)six hundred and thirty two (b)six hundred thirty two4.4/5 . (a)four fifths (b)four fiveSuggested answers: 1.a2.b3.a4.aT: Now lets come to Ac
64、tivity 2. Read the sentences aloud and attentively.1.Rice was first grown about 5000 years ago.2.China exports about 1.5% of its rice.3.Australia produces about 250 000 tons of rice.4.2/3 the worlds population regularly eat rice.T: 1.10352.3/73.46%4.2 840 0005.$95.5Suggested answers: 1.one thousand
65、and thirty five2.three sevens3.forty six percent4.two million eight hundred and forty thousand5.ninety five point five percentStep 3 Grammar 1T: Now lets come to revision of the passive voice. First study the sentences in Activity 1 on Page 33.Suggested answers: 1.a2.b and c3.d4.e5.c and e, because
66、you can easily find the subject of the active voice after “by”.T: From the sentences above, we can know the structure of the passive voice: be+done. Tenses are observed through the “be” verb. So the structure of the passive voice in the present, the past, the future, and the present perfect forms ar
67、e as follows: am/is/are + p.p. (the present simple); was/were + p.p. (the past simple); will be + p.p. (the future simple); and have/has been + p.p. (the present perfect form). Now please make the sentences in Activity 2 using the correct tense of the passive voice.Example: These shoes/make/in Italy
68、 These shoes are made in Italy.1.These computers/produce/in America These computers are produced in America.2.Rice/grow/in China/for/thousands of years Rice has been grown in China for thousands of years.3.These electronic games/make/in Japan These electronic games are made in Japan.(“were made”)4.A
69、 new variety of rice/discover/in 1970 A new variety of rice was discovered in 1970.5.Many important discoveries/make/since/the beginning of last century Many important discoveries have been made since the beginning of last century.The additional activity: what form of the passive voice are the sente
70、nces?Suggested answers:1.present simple 2.present perfect 3.present simple(past simple) 4.past simple 5.present perfectT: Now class, I think you have mastered the use of the passive voice. Lets do another two activities to consolidate what weve learned. First, complete the sentences using the verbs
71、in brackets in Activity 3. Ask the students to fill in the blanks individually, then the teacher let some volunteers speak out their answers.During class, the teacher should encourage the students to be active in class, and give the students more chances. (Show the following sentences on the screen.
72、)1.As a boy he was educated (educate) in many schools.2.He was given (give) the nickname,”the student who asks questions”.3.The results of his experiments were published (publish) in China in 1966.4.Finally,in 1970 a naturally sterile make rice plant was discovered (discover).5.50 thousand square ki
73、lometers of rice fields were converted (convert) to growing vegetables.6.Following this,Yuan Longpings rice was exported (export) to other countries.T: Just now, youve got the whole sentences correctly. Now lets do a further job. Write questions based on the information in Activity 3. The first word
74、 in the sentence is given. Well have a pair work this time. Discuss the sentence with your partner, then gives us the questions. One gives us the question, while his or her partner gives us the answer.(Show the following on the screen.)1.Where ? Where was he educated(as a boy)?2.What ? What nickname
75、 was he given?3.When ? When were the results of his experiments published(in China)?4.When ? When was a naturally sterile male rice plant finally discovered?5.How many ? How many square kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables?6.Where ? Where was Yuan Longpings rice exported?An
76、swers: 1. As a boy he was educated in many schools.2. He was given the nickname,”the student who asks questions”.3. The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966.4. Finally,in 1970 a naturally sterile make rice plant was discovered.5. 50 thousand square kilometers of rice fields wer
77、e converted to growing vegetables.6. Following this,Yuan Longpings rice was exported to other countries.Step 4 Grammar 2T: Here is a sentence for you to decide which question the underlined phrase answers.He thought he could produce more rice by crossing different species of plant.1.What could he pr
78、oduce?2.Why should he produce more rice?3.How could he produce more rice?T: OK, class. Which one is the correct answers?Ss: No.3.T: Thats right. This question is easy to understand. From the question, we know grammar in this part is by +-ing form. It usually works as adverbial, and means “using some
79、 way”. This form is not difficult. We are sure that after the practice in Activity 2, you can master this form correctly. Now, lets come to Activity 2. Rewrite the sentences by changing the underlined phrases with a phrase beginning with by +-ing.Example: You can get a good job if you study hard. Yo
80、u can get a good job by studying hard.1.Yuan Longping changed agricultural in China. He discovered a new type of rice.Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China by discovering a new type of rice.2.Researchers learn things when they carry out experiments.Researchers learn things by carrying out exper
81、iments.3.They changed the design and so they built a better engine.By changing the design they built a better engine.4.You will become a better pianist if you practise often.You will become a better pianist by practicing often.5.If you plan for the future we can be happy in the present.By planning f
82、or the future we can be happy in the present.Step 5 Summary and homeworkT: Through this class we have learned the correct way of saying numbers. In the part of grammar, we learned the passive voice in the present simple, the past simple, the future simple and the present perfect tense, we studied th
83、e usage of by +-ing form as well. Homework today is to find more examples to practice after class.So much for today. Good-bye, everyone!被动语态1.被动语态的构成英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是”助动词be过去分词”。注意:”be过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词（如 be
84、,feel,look,seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。如: The glass is broken.(杯子破了。)2.主动语态改被动语态的方法(1) 将主动语态改为被动语态应注意三方面:将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;将主动语态的谓语动词改为”be过去分词”结构;将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(可省略)。(2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如:He gave the boy an apple.
85、The boy was given an apple.（或An apple was given to the boy.） Her father bought her a present. She was bought a present by her father.（或A present was bought for her by her father.） (3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如:They watched the children sing that morning. The children were watched to sin
86、g that morning.(4)带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾补在被动语态中作主语补足语。如:We call him Xiao Wang.He is called Xiao Wang.He cut his hair short.His hair was cut short.They told him to help me.He was told to help me.(5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:We must take good care of the young trees. The young
87、trees must be taken good care of.(6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句后;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如:People believe that he is ill.It is believed that he is ill.（或:He is believed to be ill.） 3.被动语态改为主动语态的方法被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语）,按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态
88、把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如:History is made by the people.The people make history.4.不能用于被动语态的情况(1) 某些表”静态”的及物动词(表状态而非动作,且常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have, fit, suit, hold(容纳), cost, suffer, last(持续)等不能用于被动语态。如:They have a nice car. 他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don
89、t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。 My brain cant hold so much information at one time. 我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How muchWhat does it cost？这值多少钱？ Our holiday lasts 10 days.我们的假期有十天。 This food will last (them)(for) 3 days. 这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 (2) 不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态, 否则无被动态。比较:They arrived at a decision. A decision
90、was arrived at. 他们作出了决定。 They arrived at the station. 他们到达车站。（不说The station was arrived at.） He looked into the question. The question was looked into.他调查了这个问题。 (3) 动词leave(离开), enter(进入), join(参加)不可用于被动语态。例如:The car left the road and hit a tree. 车子离开了道路,撞上了树。 (4) 某些及物动词可作不及物动词用,特别是后加副词(如well, easil
91、y等)时。 主动语态有被动含义, 这类动词常见的有sell, write, wear, wash, cook, open, close, lock, read, record等。如:His new novel is selling well.他的新小说很畅销。 This material wont wear.这种材料不耐穿。(5) feel, look, appear, sound, taste, smell等由实义动词演变而来的系动词,后接形容词作表语,不用被动语态。Tell me if you feel cold. 你要是感到冷就告诉我。 Those roses smell beautif
92、ul. 那些玫瑰好闻极了。 (6) 宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时,不可用于被动语态。 Peter hoped to meet her. 彼得希望遇见她。 Mr.Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter. 史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。 (7) 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时,不可用于被动语态。如: She can dress herself. 她可以自己穿衣服。 We could hardly see each other in the fog. 在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。 (8) 宾语是同源宾语时,不可用于被动语态。如 They live a happy life.他
93、们过着幸福的生活。5. 某些动词的主动形式表被动含义英语中有很多动词如act, break, catch, cut, clean, drive, draw, let, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash, wear等, 当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外,像 owe, beat, cook, bake, print, build, make等,有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如:This kind of radio doesnt sell well. 这种收音机不太畅销。 The shop opens at eight
94、 oclock. 这个商店八点开门。 The pipe does not draw well. 这烟斗不太通畅。 注意: 主动表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。例如:The door wont lock. 门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病） The door wont be locked. 门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门） His novels sell easily. 他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好） His novels are sold easily. 他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大） 6.某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义(1) 在need,
95、want, require, deserve和bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如: The house needs repairing (to be repaired). 这房子需要修理。(2) 形容词worth后跟动名词的主动式表被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式; 而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。He picture-book is well worth reading.(The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)这画册值得一读。Period FourListening; Pronunci
96、ation; SpeakingTeaching Aims1. To train the Ss listening and speaking skills. 2. train them to pronounce words correctly.Teaching Important Points Listening part, speaking and some new words.Teaching Difficult Points Encourage the students to improve their listening and speaking skills.Teaching Meth
97、ods Induction and deduction.Teaching Aids A blackboard,a tape recorder and a multimedia.Teaching ProceduresStep 1 Revision (Greet the whole class as usual.) Have a short revision of the passive tense and by + -ing form.Step 2 ListeningT: In this class first we will have a listening. First, look at t
98、he picture on Page 36, describe what is happening with your own words.Ss: They are having a competition.T: Yes, you are right. It is a TV quiz in a studio with an audience. There may be some new words in listening. Lets get to know them in Activity 4. Match the words with their meanings.(Show the fo
99、llowing on the screen.)awarddiscoverequalmeasureradiationtheory1.a prize or money given to someone for something they have done award2.exactly the same equal 3.to find out how long,wide,heavy,etc.something is measure 4.to find discover5.an idea,especially in science,that explains why or how somethin
100、g happens theory6.a form of energy which comes from a nuclear reaction radiation T: Now, well come to the listening. Listen to the quiz show and answer the questions.1.What round of the quiz is it? The second round.2.What is the subject of the round? Great scientists.3.What are the rules of the quiz
101、? The first person to answer correctly wins a point;if he or she answers incorrectly he or she loses a point,and the other person can then try and answer.4.How many contestants are there? Two.5.Are the questions easy or difficult? Difficult.6.Who wins the quiz? Rachel. Step 3 PronunciationThis part
102、mainly helps the students to pronounce words correctly, especially the stresses in long words.T: So much for listening. Lets deal with pronunciation. First, read about stress in the following long words. (Show the following words on the screen.) Read through these words with the students, and then p
103、air them to practice saying them to each other.vegetables(first syllable) researcher(second syllable)engineer(third syllable)T: Good pronunciation. Now practice saying the following words and underline the stresses.biologychemistryelectricelectricitygeneticsgovernmentgravityinformationThe teacher as
104、ks some students to pronounce them. Then the teacher plays the tape through for the students to check if they were correct. If time possible, pair them to practice them with their partners. (This part is easy to do and can be dealt with quickly.)Suggested answers:biologychemistryelectricelectricityg
105、eneticsgovernmentgravity informationStep 4 SpeakingT: Thats the end of pronunciation. Now lets come to the next part:speaking.In this part we will play a game of guessing scientists names. First, the students may think of a famous scientist or inventor and some information about his life. Some quest
106、ions about scientists are given as examples. Then work with another pair and guess who pair B is describing by asking yes or no questions. Pair work will be involved in this part and more practice will be encouraged.T: Now, work in pairs. Think of a famous scientist or inventor. Find the answers to
107、the following questions and try to think of more important facts about his or her life. (This activity may be prepared before class. If that, the students can research their chosen scientist or inventor using the Internet or the library.)1.When and where was he born? 2.Why was he famous?3.Where did
108、he live and work? 4.When did he discover or invent.?For example:Albert Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany in 1879.He was famous for the theory of relativity.It was published in 1905.In 1921,he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.Albert Einstein taught in Switzerland and Germany.He left Germany when Adolph
109、Hitler came to power in 1933.He moved to the United States to continue his research.He worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,New Jersey.Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.Albert Einstein opposed wars.Albert Einstein died in1955.He was seventy years old.T: Good t
110、ry. Now work with another pair. Well do a game of guessing the name of the person. Remember, guess their name by asking yes or no questions. Lets say who can get it quickly and correctly.Pair A: Ask yes/no questions to discover who pair B is describing.Example: Was he born in the twentieth century?P
111、air B: Answer Pair As questions. Dont say the name of your famous person.(The teacher walks around and monitor their exercise,if necessary,give the students some help.)Step 5 Summary and homeworkT: Today we have learned some facts about Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking in the listening material a
112、nd some new words. We also learned some listening strategies, which is useful in your later study. Do as I told you to, then you are sure to become a good listener. Todays homework is to finish exercises in your workbook.Period FiveEveryday English; Cultural Corner; Task; Module FileTeaching Aims1.
113、To train the students everyday English. 2. To learn the history and development of rockets. 3. To consolidate their knowledge learned in this module.Teaching Important PointsLearn everyday English such as: breakthrough, nickname, pass and well done.Teaching Difficult Points The history and developme
114、nt of rockets.Teaching Methods Practice and extensive reading.Teaching Aids Multimedia,and a blackboard.Teaching ProceduresStep 1 Revision (Greet the students as usual.) Check their workbook exercises.Step 2 Everyday EnglishT: Thanks a lot for your wonderful presentation. What we will learn first is
115、 everyday English. Look at the words and phrases below, and choose the best explanation.Step 3 Cultural cornerT: Next, well come to cultural corner in this module. Ill give you five minutes to read the whole passage and try to get the main idea. This passage mainly talks about how rockets were inven
116、ted, the military use of rockets in the past and the use of rockets today. Try to get the main idea of each paragraph. Para 1: Today rockets are used to send astronauts into space of celebrate great events.Para 2: Rockets were first invented by Chinese about 2000 years ago.Para 3: First rockets were
117、 used in battles in China and then it was spread to EuropePara 4: Rockets were also used in other ways1.How were rockets invented?By accidentwhen people threw bamboo tubes with gunpowder inside into the fire to make explosions and saw that some of them flew into the air.2.What are they used for toda
118、y?They are used to send astronauts into space and in firework displays.T: Good job. There are some other exercise to help you understand the passage better.(Show the questions on the screen.)1.When were rockets probably invented?A.About 2000 years ago. B.In 1232.C.Between the 13th and 15th centuries
119、. D.During the Song Dynasty.2.Who introduced rockets to Europe?A.The Song army. B.The Mongols. C.Wan Hu. D.One Italian scientist.3.Which countries did not do rockets experiment according to the text?A.China. B.England. C.France. D.AmericaStep 4 TaskT: This part is pair work. Write down your notes fr
120、om the speaking activity and then prepare a radio programme about the life of a famous scientist. (You can refer to speaking.) You will need to write a radio script about the persons life and work, marking who will say what parts. If possible, record your radio programme.Step 5 Summary and homeworkT
121、: In this part, you have learnt some new words and phrases. Try to memorize them. Grammar in this module is the revision of the passive voice and by + ing form. Weve also learnt the way to talk about numbers. At the same time, pay attention to the stresses in long words. Everyday English we learned
122、in this module are breakthrough, nickname, pass, and well done. Have a quick look at them and see whether youve mastered the important points. If not, get to know them.Your homework today is to consolidate what weve learned in this module and finish all the exercise in this module. Thats the end of
123、this class. You are dismissed.Step 6 Language Points1、The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现了从竹管漏出的气体可以使其飞向空中。 escape： v 逃脱，逃亡，逃避。 n 逃避，逃脱。The thief has escaped.这贼逃掉了。He escaped from /out of the prison.他从狱中逃出。 You are lucky to escape punishment /b
124、eing punished.你逃脱了惩罚，真幸运。 have a narrow escape 九死一生2、The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.那时宋朝正与蒙古开战。 at war：处于交战状态。The two countries have been at war for many years. 这两个国家已经交战多年了。拓展：at可和许多名词搭配，表示一种状态。如： at peace处于和平状态 at rest静止 at breakfast在吃早饭 at table在吃饭 at work在工作 at school在上学3、The rocke
125、ts were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke.火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。light： v点亮，点燃，照亮，照明。过去分词是 lit或lighted，两词作谓语时无区别，但在名词前作形容词时只能用lighted。比较： a lighted cigarette一支点着的烟。 The cigarette was lit. 这支烟点着了。He lit / lighted a candle and handed the lighted candle to me.点燃一支蜡烛，然后把烧的蜡烛递给我。
