1、 improvement n改进；改善(教材P33)I have been mayor for three years，and I have made many improvements for the people of the city.我当市长三年了，使这个市的市民生活大有改善。Your work shows considerable improvement.你的工作显示出相当大的改进。The new factory brought a huge improvement in working conditions.新工厂在工作条件上有了很大的提高。be an improvement on
2、/ upon/ over比好；比有改进make an improvement 改进improve v. 改进；提高improve on/upon 改进；做得比更好improve in 在方面有改进These results are a distinct improvement on last years.这些结果跟去年的相比有明显的提高。He made a steady improvement and was released within 10 days of admission.他的病情稳步好转，入院后不到10 天就获准出院了。用improvement的适当形式填空I think that
3、 is a big to show that we can even more.There have been many in the form of cars.The quality of service in this restaurant has a lot.【答案】improvement；improveimprovements improved (教材P34)He spent much of his childhood with his grandfather and father，who were both engineers他的童年时代的大多数时光是与爷爷和父亲一起度过的，他们两位
4、都是工程师。【要点提炼】who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his grandfather and father。非限制性定语从句仅对所修饰的先行词或整个主句作补充说明。若省略掉从句，句子意思完整、明确，与先行词或主句之间用逗号隔开。在非限制性定语从句中指代“物”时要用which作关系代词；指代全句时，用which或as；指代人时用who，非限制性定语从句不可用that。They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honour to them.他们被请去赴国宴，这对他们来说是极大的荣耀。Li Ming is late，as
5、 is often the case.李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的几点区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。区别三：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor.我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister，who is a doctor.
6、我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别四：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。区别五：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人更长寿。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next
7、week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整)He changed his mind，which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)用适当的关系词填空Her father， has a lot of money，wishes her to study abroad.Peter drove too fast， was dangerous.David， you know，is a photographer.【答案】whowhichas resign v辞职，把托交(给)；委托(教材P34)In 1961，Sincl
8、air resigned from his job and founded his own company，producing pocketsized radios.在1961年，辛科莱辞职并成立了自己的公司，生产袖珍收音机。Mander resigned from office.曼德辞职了。He was forced to resign due to ill health.他因健康状况不佳被迫辞职。resign from从辞职resign as 辞去职位resign.to. 把托付给resign oneself to 听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)He resigned as chairm
9、an.他辞去了主席一职。I resign my children to your care.我把孩子们委托你来照顾。I resigned myself to a long wait in line.我顺从地在长队中等候。完成句子那位部长辞去了政府职务。The minister the government.你们得耐心地多等一会儿。You must waiting a bit longer.你为什么想辞去秘书的职务？Why do you want to your position secretary?她委托一位邻居照顾她的儿子。She the care of a neighbor.【答案】res
10、igned fromresign yourselves to resign；asresigned her son to (教材P34)However，the man providing the money to start the company pulled out of the project at the last minute，and Sinclair had to get a job as a technical editor to support himself.然而，出钱创办公司的人在最后一刻撤资，辛科莱不得不找了一份技术编辑的工作来养活自己。(1)pull out退出；脱离Ji
11、m saw that the firm was going to be ruined，so he pulled out.吉姆看到公司即将垮台，于是就退了出来。The general pulled his troops out of the area.将军把他的部队从那个地区撤了出来。pull in(车)进站；停站；(船)靠岸pull through 脱离危险期；恢复健康pull on (用拉的方式)穿上(衣服、袜子等)；戴上pull off 脱下；取下The ship pulled in to the shore at midnight.那船半夜时靠岸。She pulled off her r
12、aincoat before entering the room.她进屋前先脱掉雨衣。完成句子他们在那个问题上陷得太深，难以自拔。They were so deeply involved in the matter that they found it hard to 他的手套太紧，很不容易戴上。The gloves are too tight for him to with ease.他在医院会很快康复的。Hell soon in the hospital.【答案】pull outpull onpull through(2)the last minute (重大事情发生前的)最后一刻，紧要关
13、头He cancelled his booking at the last minute.他在最后一刻取消了预定。I dont think they are going to pull out of the deal at the last minute.我认为他们不会在最后一分钟退出这笔交易。at the last minute/moment在最后一刻；在紧要关头；在危急时刻in a minute 马上；立刻；不久to the minute 准时；一分不差；恰好up to the minute 最新(式)的the minute (that) 一(就)；当(即)He caught his tr
14、ain at the last moment.他在最后一刻赶上了火车。Dinner will be ready in a minute.饭马上就要好了。完成句子他在最后一刻失去了勇气。His courage failed him 火车在9时零5分准时到达。The train arrived at 9：05 我一看到那个演员就认出他了。I recognized the actor I saw him.【答案】at the last minute/momentto the minutethe minute (that) (教材P34)When his company finally began p
15、roduction and put out advertisements for his radio，demand was high and the business simply took off当他的公司最终开始生产，并贴出收音机广告时，需求巨大，生意快速取得了成功。(1)put out公布；广播；出版；伸手；熄灭This magazine is put out every Friday.这份杂志每星期五出版。She put out all the lights before going to bed.她在睡觉前关掉全部的灯。put away把收起来，存钱put down 写下，扑灭，镇压
16、put together 组装；汇集put up 张贴，建立，提高put off 推迟；拖延She washed the cups and put them away.她洗完杯子后便把它们收了起来。They decided to put the meeting off until after Christmas.他们决定把会议推迟到圣诞节以后。完成句子政府将于明天发布一项新声明。The government will a new statement tomorrow.我搞不清如何把这张桌子拼装起来。I cant work out how to this table 我们最好在这儿贴一张通知。W
17、ed better a notice here.【答案】put output；togetherput up(2)take off快速成功；突然流行；移开；脱下；动身；起飞This type of mobile phone has really taken off recently.最近这种移动电话真的很受欢迎。Take your coat off.脱下你的外套吧。take on承担；呈现；雇用take over 接管；接任take up 拿起；开始从事；占用take in 领会；吸收take apart 拆开He is always ready to take on heavy respons
18、ibilities.他一向乐于挑重担。I wont take up much of your time.我不会占用你很多时间。用适当的介词或副词填空I cant take my boots ；theyre so tight!Its easy to take a watch but difficult to put it again.He took the telephone receiver and began to dial.The lecturer had the feeling that a good deal of what he said had not been taken by
19、the students.【答案】offapart；togetherupin (教材P34)In addition to his pocketsized radio，Sinclair produced the worlds first pocket calculator in 1972，the first digital watch in 1976，and the first pocket TV the following year.除了袖珍式收音机外，辛科莱在1972年生产了世界上第一个袖珍计算器，在1976年生产了第一块数字手表，并在随后的一年生产了第一台便携式电视机。(1)in addi
20、tion to除之外；另外；加之In addition to giving a general introduction to computer，the course also provides practical experience.课程除了介绍一般电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。in addition 加上；又；另外with the addition of 外加an addition to 对的增加do addition 做加法In addition，most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audie
21、nce.此外，大多数报纸也没有什么吸引大众读者的内容。Theyve just had an addition to the family.他们家里刚刚添了一口人。完成句子除了这个包裹外，还有12封挂号信也需投寄。There are twelve registered letters to be sent this packet.除此之外，他们两人并不十分般配。 ，they do not match very much.【答案】in addition toIn addition(2)calculator n计算器The calculator was damaged accidentally，an
22、d we needed to buy a new one.这个计算器被意外弄坏了，我们需要买一个新的。calculate vt. 计算，估计；计划；打算；以为calculated adj. 故意的，蓄意的，有计划的calculation n. 计算；推断；预测；估计be calculated for 为适合而设计的；适合于be calculated to do. 目的在于；打算；蓄意Oil prices are calculated in dollars.油价以美元计算。This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of h
23、ousewives.这份广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。用calculator的适当形式填空That new shop in the high street is selling pocket The speech was to win votes.He is absorbed in the of that difficult maths problem.【答案】calculatorscalculatedcalculation (教材P34)His next computer，the ZX81，was an even bigger hit，and his companys receipt
24、s grew by 600% over the previous year.他的下一台电脑ZX81更加热销，他的公司收入比前一年增长了600%。(1)hit n红极一时的人或物；成功而风行一时的事物The show has been a big hit.演出风靡一时。The song was a hit at once and its recording tape rose to No.1 on the bestseller list.这首歌曲立刻风靡一时，它的录音带跃居畅销带榜首。a big hit很大的成功a big hit with 受欢迎make a hit (with sb.) 大获
25、成功；很受(某人)欢迎The series has been a big hit with children.这一系列很受儿童的欢迎。The new film is making a great hit with the public.这部新影片大受公众欢迎。完成句子这张唱片非常成功，卖了一百万张。The record was and sold a million copies.你会发现你的读者非常喜爱你的作品。Youll find you your readers of your work.【答案】a big hitmake a big hit with(2)receipt n收到的款项(常
26、用复数形式)；收据；接受；收到Could I have a receipt for that please?可以给我开个收据吗？Do you have the receipts for your trip?你有这次旅行的开销收据吗？acknowledge the receipt of确认收到on receipt of 收到，接收ask for a receipt 要一张发票expenses and receipts 支出和收入I would be grateful if you would acknowledge the receipt of this letter.如您能告知收到此信我将十分
27、感谢。The goods will be sent on receipt of your cheque.收到支票后会立即发货。【提示】receipt表示“收入”时，结尾的s不能省略。完成句子我一收到您的订单就联系您。I will contact you your order.那个流行歌星从演唱会中获得了巨额的现金收入。The pop singer got huge cash his concert.你在付钱的时候，向店里要一张收据吧。Ask the shop when you pay the bill.【答案】on receipt ofreceipts fromfor a receipt ri
28、diculous adj.愚蠢的；可笑的；荒唐的(教材P35)The newspapers thought his new invention was ridiculous，and he could only sell about 12，000 of these vehicles.报纸评论他的新发明是荒唐的，这种车他仅仅卖掉了大约12，000辆。I look ridiculous in that hat.我戴这顶帽子看上去很可笑。Dont be ridiculous！You cant pay 1，000 yuan for a Tshirt!别犯傻了！怎么能花1 000元买一件T恤衫呢！ridi
29、culously adv.荒唐地，可笑地a ridiculous suggestion 可笑的意见Its ridiculous to do. 是可笑的Its ridiculous that. 是可笑的It is ridiculous to dispute about such things.争论这样的事情是可笑的。Its ridiculous that we should have to queue，when we have already got our tickets.我们已经拿到了票，居然还要排队，未免可笑。完成句子这是我有生以来听到的最为荒唐可笑的事。Its Ive ever hear
30、d in my life.图书馆星期一不开门是荒唐可笑的。 the library isnt open on Mondays!预言明天太阳将不升起是荒唐可笑的。 that the sun will not rise tomorrow.多么荒唐的建议！What ！【答案】the most ridiculous thingIts ridiculous thatIt is ridiculous to predicta ridiculous suggestion (教材P35)By the end of the 1980s，Sinclair had tired of his various busin
31、esses，and was throwing himself into British Mensa，a club for clever people.到20世纪80年代末，辛科莱对他的各项生意已感到厌倦，而将精力投入到针对高智商人士的英国门萨俱乐部。(1)by the end of到为止；在末之前He had finished his great works by the end of 1980.到1980年底，他已完成了他的巨著。by the end of 是“到为止；在末之前”的意思，后边跟不同的时间会有不同的含义和用法。跟现在或将来的时间，就用将来完成时。跟过去的时间，用过去完成时。By
32、 the end of next month，I will have finished reading this book.到下个月末，我将读完这本书。 By the end of last month，I had planted thousands of trees.到上个月末，我已经种了数千棵树了。完成句子明年十二月底前我们将已完成这项工作了。We this work by the end of next December.到上学期末我们已学会五首英语歌曲。By the end of last term we five English songs.【答案】will have finishe
33、dhad learned(2)tire of对感到厌倦Sooner or later he will tire of politics.迟早他会厌倦政治的。She soon tired of the beach and went for a walk.她很快对海滩腻烦了，便去散步。tire sb.out 使某人感到筋疲力尽be/get tired of 厌烦be tired with/from 因而疲倦be tired out 累坏了The long walk had really tired me out.长途步行实在使我筋疲力尽了。You never get tired of readin
34、g this book.这部书百读不厌。完成句子孩子们很快就玩腻了。The children soon playing.我疲于奔波。I running about.长途跋涉之后我觉得累极了。I am after the long walk.【答案】(got) tired ofam tired with/from tired out(3)throw oneself into 投身于；积极从事He said he was ready to throw himself into a game.他说他已经准备好投入比赛了。Our teachers throw themselves into their
35、 work of bringing up a new generation.我们的老师为培养新一代而呕心沥血。throw away 扔掉；抛弃；浪费(金钱、时间等)throw oneself at 猛然扑向；拼命讨好；向献媚throw oneself on 依靠；依赖；听命于throw up 呕吐；辞(职)；放弃She throws herself at any man who will look at her.任何一个男人瞅她一眼，她都会向他献媚。You can never throw yourself on that fellow.你决不能依赖那家伙。用适当的介词或副词填空The best
36、 cure for unhappiness is to throw yourself your work.She had to throw herself her uncle for aid.The heat made him feel sick and he thought he would throw 【答案】intoonup fold up 折叠；对折；(因痛苦)不能支撑(教材P35)His latest product is a bicycle that can be folded up small enough to fit into a bag.他的最新产品是可以折叠起来的自行车，
37、折叠后小到足以放入一个袋子里。She folded up some shirts.她把一些衬衫折叠起来。The pain in her stomach was so sharp that she folded up.她的胃疼得如此厉害，已经支撑不住了。fold in half/two 对折fold into 折成；(烹饪时)把调拌入fold down/back (把书页)折过来；折进去；向后折叠fold up 折叠fold ones arms 交臂(常指袖手旁观)She folded the piece of paper in half.她把纸对折起来。The table folds up w
38、hen not in use.这张桌子不用时可以折叠起来。完成句子他把信折叠起来放进口袋里。He the letter and put it in his pocket.他将双手交插在胸前，盯着那个人看了一会儿。He and gave the man a long，hard stare.这把雨伞可以折叠成花瓶的形状。The umbrella can be the shape of a vase.【答案】folded upfolded his arms folded into will n意志，毅力；心愿；遗嘱(教材P35)Sinclair has been successful because
39、 he possesses both the intelligence and a firm will to succeed.辛科莱能够成功是因为他同时拥有成功的智慧和决心。Will can conquer habit.意志能战胜习惯。Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。a strong/firm will 坚强的意志obey ones will 遵从某人的意志go against ones will 违背某人的意愿at will 随心所欲地in a/the will 在遗嘱里Shes got a very strong will.她具有非
40、常坚强的意志。They were taught to obey their fathers will without question.他们被教导要完全遵从父亲的意志，不得有任何质疑。完成句子父亲不想让我离开家，我也不想违背他的意愿。My father didnt want me to leave home，and I didnt like to 她认为雇主有权随心所欲地雇用和开除员工。She believes employers should have the right to hire and fire 她在遗嘱里给我留下了一些钱。She left me some money 【答案】go against his willat willin her will
