1、Module 1Deep SouthSectionIntroduction & Reading and Speaking.重点单词1annual adj. 每年的2state n. 状态；状况3trap v. 储存；留存4mass n. 块，堆，团5test n. 试验6exploration n. 探险；勘查explorer n. 探险者explore v. 探险；勘探7depth n. 深度deep adj.& adv. 深的；深深地deeply adv. 强烈地；深刻地deepen v. 加深；深化8inhospitable adj. 荒凉的；不适宜居住的；不好客的hospitable
2、adj. 好客的hospitality n. 好客；殷勤招待9extreme adj.& n极端(的)；极度(的)extremely adv. 极端地；极其；非常10balance v. 使平衡 n. 平衡balanced adj. 平衡的11rivalry n. (不断的)竞争rival n. 竞争者，对手 adj. 竞争的12commercial adj. 商业的commerce n. U 商业；贸易；交易13promote vt. 促进；增进promotion n. 晋级；增进.核心短语1close_to 靠近；接近；几乎2on_average 平均3adapt_to (使)适应4be_
3、made_up_of 由组成5in_the_form_of 以的形式6stand out 引人注目；突出；显眼 7set foot on 进入，到达；踏上 8in particular 尤其9in a(n).state 处于状态10keep.free from. 使免受 .经典句式1With_annual_rainfall_close_to_zero,_Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该地区就是一片荒漠。2A high mountain range, the TransAntarctic range, runs from e
4、ast to west, cutting_the_continent_in_two.一条横穿南极洲的高大山脉，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。3Not until the late 18th century did_the_British_explorer_James_Cook_cross the Antarctic Circle.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈译文助读南极洲：最后的大陆1_南极洲是地球上最冷的地方，也是最干燥的地方。南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。南极洲围绕着南极，面积约为1 400万平方千米，是世界第五大洲。一条高大的山脉横贯南极的山脉，从
5、东到西将这片大陆一分为二。南极洲也有火山，但是不是很活跃。南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于冰冻状态。南极洲表面98%的地方永远被冰盖覆盖着。冰层平均厚度为2 000米，但某些地方的冰层厚度达到了5 000米。受地球重力影响的强风从地极吹向海岸，而海岸附近也有从其他方向吹来的风。很难想象出比这里更不适合居住的地方。2_但南极洲有很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。那里有不同种类的企鹅、飞鸟、海豹以及鲸。但是南极长达182天的漫长冬夜(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)以及极度寒冷的气候和极少的降雨量意味着能够在那里生存的植物种类很少。这片大陆上没有一棵树，仅发
6、现了两种开花植物。其他的植物包括苔藓、藻类以及地衣。有些藻类已经适应了在冰上生长。3_南极洲大部分的冰已经存在了数千年。因此，它已经变成人们了解过去的窗口，可为研究者提供大量有用的信息。这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。南极洲的岩石对于研究来说也很重要。它们中的大部分是来自外太空的陨石。其中有一块叫“外星人”的岩石或许能够证明地球以外有生命存在。由于南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。4_南极洲是人们发现的最后一个大陆。但是2 000多年以前，希腊的地理学家们认为地球南边有一大块陆地与北边的陆地保
7、持平衡。他们称其为“AntiArktikos”或者“Antarctica”，意为“北极的对面”。在15世纪欧洲人发现了美洲大陆之后，伟大的探险时代也随之开始了。然而，到达南极的进程非常缓慢。直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。奔赴南极的竞赛开始了。最后，挪威人罗尔德阿蒙森于1911年12月11日到达南极。5_现在，来自许多国家的科学家去南极洲研究它的资源。一种国际友谊精神已经代替了许多早期探险者之间的竞争。1961年，包括英国、法国和美国在内的12个国家签署了一份条约，使南极
8、洲成为世界上最大的自然保护区。条约的目的是防止将南极洲用于商业和军事方面。该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。今天，代表世界80%的人口的国家已经签署了这份条约。南极洲或许已经成为人类为了发展与和平而共同努力的最成功的标志。课文理解Step Fast readingSkim the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para. 1AThe Antarctica mainland.Para. 2 BThe Antarctic Treaty.Para. 3
9、CPlants and animals living on Antarctica.Para. 4 DThe discovery of Antarctica.Para. 5 EA great place for scientific study.答案：Para.1Para.5ACEDBStep Careful readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Why does the writer say the Antarctica is a desert?ABecause there is no plant here.BBe
10、cause the annual rainfall here is close to zero.CBecause it is the coldest place on Earth.DBecause it has strong wind.答案：B2Which continent was discovered latest?AAmerica. BAfrica.CAntarctica. DArctic.答案：C3What do we know about the land of Antarctica?A90% of its fresh water is in a frozen state.BTher
11、e are many active volcanoes in Antarctica.CThe winds are very strong.DNo other plants except the mosses can survive there.答案：C4Whats the importance of the gases and minerals trapped in the ice in Antarctica?AThey can tell us a lot about the wildlife in Antarctica.BThey can give us some information a
12、bout the worlds climate in the past.CThey may contain evidence of extraterrestrial life.DThey help us better understand the history of Antarctica.答案：B5Who is the first man to reach the pole of the Antarctica mainland?AJames Cook. BCarstens Borchgrevink.CA Greek geographer.DRoald Amundsen.答案：DStep Af
13、ter readingRead the text and fill in the following blanks.Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth, is the fifth _1_ (large) continent in the world. The conditions there are quite extreme with nearly no rainfall. 98% of the surface _2_ (cover) permanently by ice and strong winds _3_ (drive) by gravity
14、 blow from the pole to the coastline. However, it is full _4_ wildlife like the famous penguins, _5_ can adapt to its hard conditions. The ice there _6_ (become) a window on the past _7_ gases and minerals trapped in it. It was not until 1895 that the Norwegian explorer _8_ (call) Carstens Borchgrev
15、ink set foot _9_ the Antarctic mainland. In 1961, 12 countries signed a treaty to make _10_ the worlds biggest nature reserve. Today scientists from all over the world go there to study its resources and to work together for progress and peace.1largest2.is_covered3.driven4.of5.which6has_become7.with
16、8.called9.on10.it1 (教材P2)Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于冰冻状态。归纳拓展(1)in a(n).state/in a state of. 处于的状态keep up a good state of mind 保持良好的心态(2)staten./that 从句/wh从句 声明，陈述It is stated that. 据称/据说(3)s
17、tatement n. 声明，陈述make a statement 发表声明 经典例句For the first few months after his grandmother died, he was in a state of great depression.外婆去世后的最初几个月里，他一直处于极度抑郁的状态。France is one of the member states of the European Union.法国是欧盟的成员国之一。Each star on the flag of the United States stands for a state of the na
18、tion.美国国旗上的每一颗星代表着美国的一个州。The writer stated his views in his new book.那位作家在他的新书中阐明了他的观点。He stated clearly that he had never seen the man.他明确表示他从未见过那个男人。It was stated that standards at the hospital were dropping.据称，那家医院的医疗水准在不断下降。A government spokesperson made a statement to the press.政府发言人向新闻界发表了一份声明
19、。语境串记Although he was in a state of permanent depression, he stated his intention to run for a second term as President and made a statement about how determined he was.尽管他一直处于消沉的状态，但他声明了他竞选连任总统的计划并表明了他的决心。即学即练(1)单句语法填空The old building is in a good state of preservation except for the wooden floors.A
20、 completed job application is a statement (state) about your personal, educational, and work experience.(2)完成句子面对失败，最重要的是要保持良好的心态。In face of failure, it is the most important to keep_up_a_good_state_of_mind.据说，中国第一夫人彭丽媛的中国梦是所有的孩子都可以受到良好的教育。Its_stated_that the first lady of China Peng Liyuans Chinese
21、 dream is that all children can receive good education. adapt v. 适应(新情况)；使适应，使适合(新用途，新情况) vt. 改编，改写(教材P2)Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.但南极洲有很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。归纳拓展(1)adapt to 适应adapt oneself to 使某人自己适应(2)adapt A for B 把A改编成Badapt A from B 把B改编成A
22、be adapted from. 由改编(3)adaptable adj. 能适应的，有适应能力的adaptation n. U适应；C改写本，改编本经典例句To leave your homeland and adapt to an unfamiliar place where the culture and language are completely different is a challenge.离开祖国去适应一个文化和语言都完全不同的陌生之地是一种挑战。It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.他过了
23、好一阵子才适应了新环境。Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说中有三部已经改编成电视剧。The film is adapted from a play of the same title.这部电影改编自一部同名戏剧。名师点津adapt和adopt词形相近但意义不同，它们经常被放在同一题中考查，所以准确记住它们的含义非常重要。adapt有“改编，适应”之意，而adopt有“采用，收养”及“表决，采纳”之意。语境串记The young couple had no children of their own, so th
24、ey adopted the suggestion that they should adopt an orphan. After a few months, the orphan adapted to his new life. 这对年轻夫妇没有他们自己的孩子，于是他们采纳了那个建议领养一个孤儿。几个月后，这个孤儿适应了他的新生活。即学即练(1)单句语法填空Shakespeares play Hamlet has been adapted for at least ten different films over the past years.So even if emissions (排放
25、) were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation (adapt)As we go into the new century, we need to be ready to go with the winds of trust, conscience and intuition (直觉).
26、 If we are open to the unexpected and are alert and adaptable (adapt), life will become a wonderful journey.解析：句意：随着我们进入新世纪，我们需要准备好与信任、良知及直觉之风为伴。如果我们能接受意料之外的事情，能保持警觉，能够适应，生活将是一段精彩的旅程。(2)选词填空： adapt/adoptEven modern books such as The Hunger Games and Harry Potter have_been_adapted for the big screen
27、in recent years.Jennifer was a few months old when she was_adopted by Sharon and Gerald Bricker.His dream of working in England ended finally because he hadnt allowed for his poor ability to adapt to the changeable cold weather.解析：句意：他在英国工作的梦想最终破灭了，因为他没有考虑到自己的适应能力很差，无法适应那里多变的寒冷天气。 trap vt. 储存，留存；使陷入
28、困境；使陷入圈套，使中计 n. (捕捉动物的)陷阱；圈套(教材P2)Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。归纳拓展(1)be trapped in.困在里，陷入(相当于be caught/stuck in.)trap sb.into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事
29、(2)lay/set a trap for. 为设下圈套fall/walk into the trap (of doing sth.) 掉进(做某事的)陷阱经典例句Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.由于温室效应，存储在大气层中的气体使地球变暖。The car was trapped in the deep snow.汽车陷入了深深的积雪中。The liar trapped me into believing his story.这个骗子诱骗我相信他的故
30、事。She had set a trap for him and he walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。Parents often fall into the trap of trying to do everything for their children.家长经常陷入极力为子女操办一切的误区。即学即练(1)判断下列句子中trap的词性及含义The police trapped the thief into a situation where he could not escape. vt._使陷入圈套Many people fall in
31、to the trap of believing that home decoration must always be done on a large scale.n._圈套The rain is coming down so hard!Had I taken my umbrella this morning, I wouldnt have trapped here now.vt._使陷入困境(2)单句语法填空He wanted to trap me into accepting the terms of the contract.A rescue worker risked his lif
32、e saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.(教材P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就认为地球的南边存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。归纳拓展(1)a mass of/masses of 大量的t
33、he masses 群众；大众(2)massive adj. 巨大的，非常严重的经典例句Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.科学家尝试过许多方法解决这个问题，在中国，发动了大规模的运动来帮助解决它。Then it cooled and turned into a solid mass.然后它冷却下来，变成一团固体。On his desk is masses of books and papers.
34、在他书桌上有大量的书和文件。Divided from the masses, you are sure to fail.脱离群众，你肯定要失败。即学即练单句语法填空The trains provide cheap travel for the masses (mass)The area suffered from a massive (mass) earthquake.5 (教材P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the so
35、uth which balanced the land in the north.但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就认为地球的南边存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。归纳拓展(1)balance sth.with sth. 使和平衡(2)keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡(3)balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的经典例句The government has to find some ways to balance these two needs.政府得找到一些方法来平衡这两种需求。She was holding onto the r
36、ail to keep balance.她抓着栏杆来保持平衡。Keep a balanced diet and you will become stronger.保持均衡饮食，你就会变得更强壮。即学即练单句语法填空The boy lost (lose) his balance and had a bad fall.Balanced (balance) diet is good for our health.6 (教材P3)In particular, it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste
37、; to promote international scientific projects; and to end arguments about who owns the land.该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。归纳拓展(1)promote sb.to 提升某人为be promoted to 被提升为(2)promotion n. 提升；促进；晋升；促销get promotion 晋升经典例句No doubt tourism may promote the economic prosperity of a
38、country.旅游业无疑会促进一个国家的经济繁荣。The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。If you are successful, you can expect promotion.如果你成功了，你可以期望得到晋升。即学即练单句语法填空While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), he did his best to perform his duty.1 (教材P2)Gases and minerals, in
39、 the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。归纳拓展(1)in the form of 意为“以的形式”，注意form前要用冠词the。(2)相关词语积累：form n. 形式；表格；体形；体能v. (使)成形，组成；形成；组织，建立(3)与form相关的其他短语：take the form of 采取的形式take f
40、orm 逐渐成形，渐渐发展out of form 状态不佳fill in/out a form 填表form the habit of 养成的习惯经典例句Help arrived in the form of two police officers.来支援的是两名警察。I like to learn English in the form of speaking.我喜欢以说的方式学习英语。语境串记Recently he has formed a weightloss club. Many people came to fill in a form to join it. He advised
41、the members to form a good eating habit. He claimed if they exercise regularly and pay attention to their habits, they will surely have a good form.最近他组织了一个减肥俱乐部，很多人来填表加入它。他建议成员们养成一个良好的饮食习惯。他宣称如果他们定期锻炼并且注意他们的习惯，他们一定会有一个好的体形。即学即练用form的相关短语完成句子He has been out_of_form recently and hasnt won a game unti
42、l now.The company issued an apology on April 1st to the customers in_the_form_of a formally written letter.Generally group interviews take_the_form_of group problemsolving sessions (会议) where each candidates contributions are noted.Try to form_the_habit_of turning off the tap immediately after using
43、 it. Whats more, paper should be printed on both sides and reused if possible.2 (教材P3)Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯滕博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。归纳拓展on foot 步行on ones feet 站立着；恢复健康struggle to ones feet 挣扎着
44、站起来经典例句The overseas Chinese are very glad to set foot on their homeland.华侨们非常高兴地踏上祖国的土地。The wounded solider struggled to his feet and moved slowly forward.这名受伤的战士挣扎着站起来，慢慢地向前移动。The minister was on his feet at once to answer the charge.部长立即站了起来，回复那个指控。即学即练单句语法填空The old man struggled to his feet and w
45、alked forward.Finally we set foot on our hometown.3 (教材P3)Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour, they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.由于南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。归纳拓展(1)stand out意为“突出，显眼；出色，杰出”，为不及物动词短语。常与from/among/above等介词搭配。(2)与sta
46、nd相关的其他短语：经典例句Her height makes her stand out in a crowd.她那么高，在人群中很显眼。Avoid this kind of mistakes and you will stand out from the crowd.避免了这种错误你就会脱颖而出。即学即练单句语法填空Most of the students Harvard admits stand out in a certain way compared to others.解析：句意：和其他学生相比，哈佛大学录取的大多数学生在某些方面很出色。Firstly, Id like to sho
47、w my appreciation to those who stand by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends. Without their help and advice, my life would be different.解析：句意：首先，我想对一直支持我的老师、父母和朋友表示感谢。没有他们的帮助和建议，我的生活将是不同的。Excuse me, can you tell me what “DIY” stands for?It is short for “do it yourself”解析：stand for 在此表示“代表”。
48、4 (教材P3)In particular, it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste; to promote international scientific projects; and to end arguments about who owns the land.该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。归纳拓展(1)in particular 意为“尤其，特别，格外”。particularly与in parti
49、cular意义相同，但两者在句中的位置不同。(2)相关词语积累：particular adj. 特指的；特别的；讲究，挑剔be particular about/over 对讲究，挑剔经典例句I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were very big.我特别注意到了他的眼睛，因为那双眼睛很大。Keep your office space looking good, particularly your desk.保持你办公的地方整洁美观，特别是办公桌。Ted was very particular about the colors h
50、e used.特德在用色上非常讲究。语境串记Betty is very particular about food. However, she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular, because the food cooked by her grandma is particularly delicious.贝蒂很挑食。然而，她特别喜欢她奶奶做的饭，因为她奶奶做的饭特别美味。即学即练单句语法填空Pollution is damaging the environment, and the situation is particu
51、larly (particular) serious in big cities.The price of the house is reasonable and I love its garden in particular. We can grow flowers and vegetables there.We went into a big shop, but Tony was very particular about/over toys. Although I tried to show him toy after toy, he was not to be pleased.(教材P
52、2)With annual rainfall close to zero， Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该地区就是一片荒漠。归纳拓展(1)句中With annual rainfall close to zero为“with宾语形容词短语”构成的复合结构，在句中作状语。(2)with复合结构的常见形式还有：with宾语副词with宾语介词短语with宾语不定式(表示将来的动作)with宾语现在分词(表示主动或正在进行的动作)with宾语过去分词 (表示被动或已经完成的动作)经典例句The children were ska
53、ting with their faces red with cold.孩子们在滑冰，他们的脸都冻红了。He left the house with all the lights on.他亮着灯就出去了。The woman sat on the chair, with a baby in her arms.这个妇女坐在椅子上，怀里抱着个婴儿。With so much work to do, we cant play outside any longer.有这么多工作要做，我们不能再在外面玩了。The old man fell asleep with his radio still workin
54、g.这个老人睡着了，他的收音机还响着。With all the problems solved, we felt very happy.由于所有的问题都解决了，我们感到很高兴。名师点津with复合结构在句子中作状语时，表示谓语动词的动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，有时也可用作定语。The girl with a book in her hand is my sister.手里拿着一本书的女孩是我姐姐。即学即练单句语法填空We lay on the grass with eyes fixed (fix) on the sky.Mum went shopping early in the
55、morning with a lot of things to_buy (buy) for our family party.(教材P3)Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。本句的结构分析如下：not until位于句首引起的部分倒装：当not until位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即“Not until从句/表时间
56、的词语be动词/助动词/情态动词(主句)主语谓语”。注意从句不倒装。归纳拓展(1)not.until/till. “直到才”，如果主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，则表示主句的动作一直到until/till所表示的时间才发生；若主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示主句的动作没有延续到until/till所表示的时间。(2)until/till用于肯定句中时，句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。(3)not.until.的强调句型：It is/was not until.that.经典例句Not until the teacher came
57、 in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。Not until next week will the sports meeting be held.运动会直到下周才开。I didnt realize the problem was so serious until/till she told me about it.直到她告诉我，我才意识到这个问题这么严重。He waited until I returned.他一直等到我回来。He watched TV until/till midnight last night.他昨晚看电视一直看到半夜
58、。It was not until he came back that we stopped working.直到他回来我们才停止工作。即学即练单句语法填空Not until the motorbike looked almost new did he stop repairing and cleaning it.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.单词拼写1He got promotion (晋升) because o
59、f his special contributions to the company.2He paid an annual (每年的) visit to his middle school teacher.3These creatures live in the depth (深度) of the Pacific Ocean. 4Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous explorers (探险者) in history.5Shanghai is the biggest commercial (商业的) city in China.6Eve
60、ry effort was made to rescue the victims trapped (困住) by the earthquake.7When I began my senior high school, I found it extremely (极端地) difficult to learn English well.8Many people have come to realize that they should go on a balanced (均衡的) diet.用方框中短语的适当形式填空be promoted to， keep ones balance， on on
61、es feet， a mass of， adapt to， stand by1Dont just stand_by. Cant you lend me a hand?2My brother works in the company. He was_promoted_to the head of department last month.3Being a shop assistant means that youre on_your_feet all day long.4You have to keep_your_balance when you ride a bicycle.5There are a_mass_of people walking in the park.6When we moved to France, the children adapted_to the change well.
