1、高三英语培优外刊阅读班级：_学号：_姓名：_外刊精选能源曙光：欧洲或将率先实现可控核聚变？近日，欧洲核聚变实验室的科学家宣布，新的核聚变能量世界纪录诞生了。可控核聚变一直是人类渴望征服的科学技术难题。一旦实现，困扰人类世界的能源问题就能找到答案。欧洲科学家的“官宣”究竟意味着什么？核聚变背后究竟有哪些值得你关注的议题？European Scientists Set Nuclear-Fusion Energy World RecordBy Aylin Woodward and Jennifer HillerA device based at a U.K. facility in Oxfordsh
2、ire has produced the highest sustained nuclear-fusion energy ever recorded. The results of the December 2021 experiment, which generated 59 megajoules of fusion energy for five seconds, demonstrates we are on the correct path with regards to nuclear fusion, said Rafael Jurez Maas, an engineering pro
3、fessor at the National Distance Education University in Madrid.Nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the sun, occurs when hydrogen gases are superheated to form a plasma. The process brings together hydrogen atoms that combine to form helium - and release a tremendous amount of energy at the
4、same time.The Joint European Torus, or JET, in Oxfordshire is a donut-shaped device called a tokamak that can heat gases to 150 million degrees Celsius inside a vacuum. The device uses magnetic fields to hold the plasma away from its walls. What makes JET unique is that it is the only tokamak that c
5、an harness a mix of deuterium and tritium. These two types of hydrogen have the potential to help realize the goal of sustained net gain in fusion-energy production.Currently, nuclear power - responsible for about 10% of the worlds electricity - is generated by fission, the process of splitting atom
6、s like uranium. But fission creates radioactive waste that can last thousands of years. Fusion doesnt produce such waste or greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide generated by fossil-fuel burning. 【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.facility fslti n. _2.sustain ssten vt. _3.fusion fjun n._4.megajoule medu:l n.
7、_5.superheat suphit v. _6.plasma plzm n. _7.helium hilim n. _8.tremendous trmends adj. _9.vacuum vkjm n. _10.magnetic mgnetk adj. _11.wall wl n. _12.harness hnsvt. _13.deuterium djutrm n. _14.tritium trtm n. _15.split splt v._16.uranium jrenm n. _【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.创下纪录_2.关于_3.氢气_4.使之远离_5.净收
8、益_6.占了的份额_7.二氧化碳 _拓展练习阅读理解The worsening air quality in tropical(热带的) cities is causing ever greater threats to peoples health and this trend will only get worse as the urbanization(城市化) is progressing quickly, scientists have warned. In a newly published study, a team of researchers explain that acr
9、oss all the 46 cities they surveyed from Africa to Asia, they have measured significant annual increases in pollutants harmful to health.This trend is troubling as tropical cities usually lack proper air pollution monitoring measures and policies to deal with the problem. “These cities are predicted
10、 to reach populations of up to 80 million people by 2100, so actions targeting human-related pollution are badly needed,” the scientists stress.Already the number of people dying prematurely(过早地) from long exposure to air pollution has been on the increase and people living in cities in South Asia a
11、re the worst affected. In Dhaka, Bangladesh, some 24, 000 people die of such causes each year while around 100, 000 people die in Indian cities such as Mumbai, Bangalore etc.“The number of deaths in tropical cities in Africa is still lower due to recent improvements in health care there. But the wor
12、st effects of air pollution on health will likely occur in the coming decades,” the scientists say.The reasons for worsening air quality in tropical cities lie in increasing road traffic, waste burning, and the widespread use of coal and wood. Industry is also partly to blame. “Open burning for land
13、 clearance in the past contributed most to air pollution in the tropics,” explains Karn Vohra, an author of the study. “Our analysis suggests were entering a new age when some cities experience rates of air pollution in a year that others experience in a decade,” Vohra warns.32.What is the function
14、of the numbers mentioned in paragraph 3?A.To show the negative effect of urbanization.B.To warn people to limit their time of going out.C.To remind people to pay attention to their health.D.To display the seriousness of air pollution in some tropical cities.33.What helps the tropical cities in Afric
15、a maintain a lower death rate?A.The fast-paced urbanization.B.The improvements in health care.C.The proper policies dealing with air pollution.D.The effective air pollution monitoring measures.34.What does the underlined word “blame” in the last paragraph mean?A.Take responsibility.B.Get affected.C.
16、Break down.D.Check out.35.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.Air pollution is fast getting worse in tropical citiesB.The growing population is speeding up air pollutionC.Human activities lead to air pollution in tropical citiesD.Its of great importance to increase the use of green energ
17、y外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.facility fslti n. 设施，设备；带有某种特别用途的建筑2.sustain ssten vt. 维持，保持3.fusion fjun n.核聚变；融合，融为一体4.megajoule medu:l n. 兆焦耳，简写为MJ5.superheat suphit v. 把.加热至极高的温度6.plasma plzm n. 等离子体7.helium hilim n. 氦8.tremendous trmends adj. 极大的，巨大的；极富才华的9.vacuum vkjm n. 真空10.magnetic mgnetk
18、adj. 有磁性的11.wall wl n. 聚变装置的内壁12.harness hnsvt. 控制并利用13.deuterium djutrm n. 氘（重氢）14.tritium trtm n. 氚（超重氢）15.split splt v.分解，分裂；意见不合16.uranium jrenm n. 铀【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.set a record创下纪录2.with regards to关于3.hydrogen gas氢气4.hold something away from使之远离（特别是要保持相当的距离） gain净收益6.responsible for占
19、了的份额7.carbon dioxide二氧化碳 【全文翻译】欧洲科学家创下核聚变能量输出世界纪录牛津郡一英国研究机构的实验装置产生了有史以来最高的持续核聚变能量脉冲。该实验于2021年12月进行，其结果是在5 秒内输出了 59 兆焦耳的核聚变能量。马德里国立远程教育大学的工科教授，拉法尔华雷斯梅涅阿斯说道，这表明在核聚变技术方面，“我们走在了正确道路上”。氢气达到过热状态的时候会形成等离子体，此时核聚变发生，这也是太阳获得能量的过程。该过程会让氢原子核聚合生成氦同时释放出巨大的能量。位于牛津的欧洲联合环形反应堆（简称JET），是一种名为托卡马克的环形装置。这类实验装置能将真空室中的气体加热至1亿5千万摄氏度。这类装置依靠磁场，将等离子体束缚在装置内壁中。JET的独特性在于，它是唯一一台能够束缚住氘-氚混合体的托卡马克。氘和氚这两种氢元素可能助力实现这样一个目标将核聚变释放能量的过程，变成有能量盈余的可持续过程。目前，核能占据了世界电力的10%，其生产是由核裂变产生的。核裂变，指的是分裂诸如铀这类元素的原子核的过程。但裂变会产生影响上千年的辐射性废料。核聚变则不会产生这类废料，也不会像化石能源燃烧那样，带来二氧化碳等温室气体。拓展练习阅读理解参考答案32.D 33.B 34.A 35.A
