1、Section Grammar名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语 语法精讲一、名词性从句的定义、分类及连接词1定义在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。2分类根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predictive Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。3连接词引导名词性从句的连接词有连词三个、连接代词五个、连接副词四个。二、主语从句1主语从句的连接词(1)that和whether/if：连接词that在主语从句中不充当成分，但不能省略；w
2、hether引导的主语从句可位于复合句的句首，而if引导主语从句时不能位于句首，常用it作形式主语。That he suddenly fell ill made us surprised.It made us surprised that he suddenly fell ill.他的突然生病让我们震惊。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。(2)连接代词有who, whose
3、, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。连接代词可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。What role he will play in the film is unknown.在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。Who will come to give the talk is known to us all.我们都知道谁将来作报告。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of things to do.任何得到这份工作的人都将有很多事情要做。(3)连接副词(when, whe
4、re, how, why, however等)。通常在从句中作状语。Why John was late for class has been unexplained.约翰上课迟到的原因还没有说明。2主语从句与形式主语itThey are twins. Its no wonder that they look the same.他们是双胞胎。难怪他们看起来一样。It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。Its believed that computers have changed our
5、daily life.人们认为电脑已经改变了我们的日常生活。It turns out that I was right all along.结果表明我一直是正确的。三、宾语从句1宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的连接词有：that，if/whether(是否)，连接代词(who, whom, what, whoever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how)等。如：He told me that he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年会上大学。I didnt know who would give the con
6、cert tonight.我不知道今晚谁要举行音乐会。He didnt tell me when we would meet again.他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。2动词和介词后的宾语从句(1)大多数及物动词后都可以跟宾语从句，需要注意的是：demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等表“要求、命令、建议”的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should)动词原形”。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。若主句谓语是find
7、, feel, consider, make, think等时，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于宾语补足语后。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。有些动词接从句作宾语时要用it作形式宾语，这类动词主要有hate, like, appreciate等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。(2)介词后的宾语从句：一般情况下，介词后常接wh类连接词引导的宾语从句。而ex
8、cept, but和in等少数介词后也可接that引导的宾语从句。Is there anything wrong with what I said?我所说的有错误之处吗？I know little about him except that he is an American.除了知道他是一名美国人，我对他一无所知。(3)“doubt宾语从句”的应用：肯定句中用whether/if，否定句或疑问句中用that。I doubt whether/if he can pass the exam.我怀疑他是否能够通过此次考试。I dont doubt that he can pass the exam
9、.我不怀疑他能通过此次考试。Do you doubt that he can pass the exam?你怀疑他能通过此次考试吗？四、表语从句1表语从句的连接词引导表语从句的连接词有：连接代词(what, who, whom, whose, which等)，连接副词(when, where, how, why等)以及that, whether, as if/though, because等。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.问题是我们能否及时完成这项工作。It sounds as if someone is knoc
10、king at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她。2表语从句的特殊句式(1)This/That/It is because.“这/那是因为”，because引导表语从句。His father has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.他父亲有心脏病，那是因为他抽烟太多了。(2)Thats why.“那就是的原因”，why引导表语从句。That is why everything is b
11、ecoming meaningless.这就是为什么一切都变得愈来愈没有意义了。(3)The reason why.is that.“的原因是”，why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason, that引导表语从句。The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.我难过的原因是他没有理解我。五、难点突破1主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的语序都用陈述语序。I cant understand why wild rocks and high mountains have become popular for a holiday.我不明白为
12、何高山峻岭开始成为人们喜欢的假日去处。2主语从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式，但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应依据作表语的名词而定。What the poor children need are books.这些贫穷的孩子需要的是书。What the homeless children need is love.这些无家可归的孩子需要的是爱。3宾语从句若表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句通常用一般现在时。The teacher told the children that Taiwan belongs to China.老师告诉孩子们台湾属于中国。4动词thin
13、k, believe, suppose, imagine等后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移，主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think we need to waste much time on it.我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。5宾语从句中不能省略that的情况。动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句前的that一般不能省去。I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已经尽全力了，事情会好起来的。6主句的
14、主语是名词proposal, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等时，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of setting it aside.(从句用虚拟语气)我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。7whether和if：whether与if作“是否”讲时，在下列情况下一般只能用whether不能用if。(1)引导主语从句并在句首时
15、；(2)引导表语从句时；(3)引导从句作介词宾语时；(4)后接动词不定式或or not时。We arent interested in whether he will agree with us or not.我们对他是否会同意我们的观点不感兴趣。.用适当的连接词填空1We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.2She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the libra
16、ry, and I admitted that I hadnt.3Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.4Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.5As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed
17、to be to make the cycle work on most days.6The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.7We all find it important that we make a quick decision about this matter.8I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.9He has lung disease. That is because he has been s
18、moking too much.10Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.11Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.12As the spokeswoman said, whether we should take action against them depends on what they will do.13Its reported that Chi
19、na has offered to help eurozone countries with their sovereign debt crisis.14I feel it a pity that I havent been to the gettogether.15What surprised us was that Lucy had done her work neatly and correctly.16The reason why he gave up the chance to go abroad was that his mother objected to it.单句改错1It
20、is necessary that parents helped the child form the habit of reading books.helped(should)_help2If he will pass the exam or not makes no difference to his parents.IfWhether3Anyone leaves the room last should turn off the light and lock the door.Anyone后加who或AnyoneWhoever4That they will buy a new car d
21、epends on how much profit they will make from the business.ThatWhether5Whether the flight to New York will be delayed are what Im especially worried about.areis6We must find out where Karl is coming so that we can book a room for him in advance.wherewhen7We all consider important that children shoul
22、d take plenty of milk as they grow.consider后加it8Galileos observations show that Copernicus, another great astronomer, was right and the earth moves around the sun.and后加that9Were all pleased what we have once again overcome the difficulty.whatthat10We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our
23、club. The number of members is limited.whomwho.补全句子1Thats_why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.那就是为什么我认为“长江之行”将是一个更好的选择。2At last, on behalf of all the students in our school, I hope that you will have a safe and happy journey home and that_there_will_be_more_programs_like_t
24、his_in_the_future.最后，我代表我们学校所有的学生，希望你们返程安全愉快，并希望将来会有更多的这样的活动安排。3This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that_you_want_to_improve_your_Mandarin. I am more than willing to help you with your Mandarin.我是李夏，我从你的帖子上了解到你想要提高你的普通话水平，我非常乐意帮助你学习普通话。4I am wondering if_you_have_made_a_definite_plan_for_the_co
25、ming_summer_holiday.我想知道你是否为即将到来的暑假制订了明确的计划。5The truth is that_everyone_will_have_one_of_those_periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you dont have to worry so much.事实是每个人都会有事情看起来不对劲的时期，因此你不必太过担心。6What_impresses_us_most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.给我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，显示出了不同凡响的才能。7Its_a_great_pity_that I have to cancel the Sunday bookstore appointment with you.非常遗憾我不得不取消我们周日一块儿逛书店的约定。
