1、2021-2022学年度上学期第一次教学质量监测高二 英语试题（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回
2、答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What time is it now?A. 7:15.B. 6:40.C. 7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: John is supposed to come here at half past seven.W: Yes, hell be here in 15 minutes.2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man think about the womans hat?A. Its very good.B. It doesnt go well with her
3、dress.C. He likes the style of it.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: I dont think your hat matches your dress.W: But I like its style.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. He doesnt know the park.B. The park is nearby.C. There is no parking here.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get t
4、o the park?M: Theres a park around here?4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. The woman should go away.B. He will go closer to her.C. He can hear her very well.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: If I speak this way, could you hear me clearly?M: Go ahead.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the problem?A. The woman do
5、esnt like orange juice.B. The man was looking for orange juice.C. The man broke the container of the orange juice.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: I just bought some orange juice but now I cant find it. Do you know where it is?M: I broke the bottle. Didnt you hear the crash?第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或
6、独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6. Which bus did the man take yesterday?A. Number 7.B. Number 15.C. Both of them.7. How far will the woman walk if she takes a Number 15 bus?A. Half a mile.B. One
7、mile.C. Two miles.【答案】6. A 7. C【解析】【原文】M: Where are you going, Jane?W: Im going to the hospital to see May.M: I saw her yesterday. She was a little better.W: Must I catch a Number 7 bus to get there?M: No, you neednt. A Number 15 bus will also take you to the hospital.W: Number 15 buses run much mor
8、e frequently, dont they?M: Yes. I caught a Number 7 bus yesterday, and I had to wait for half an hour at the bus stop.W: Thank you, Henry. Ill get a Number 15.M: But Number 15 buses leave from the town centre.Youll have to walk two miles to catch one.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8. Whats the w
9、eather like these days?A. Raining all the time.B. Sunny and bright.C. Cloudy and windy.9. What do they think of the weather?A. Not too bad.B. Terrible.C. Fine.10. How about the weather tomorrow according to the weatherman?A. Sunny.B. Rainy.C. Cloudy.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A【解析】【原文】W:What a terrible day i
10、t is!M:Yes,it is too bad.W:Is the weather always like this?M:No,I think it will be fine soon.W:I hope you are right.We dont want to be stuck here all morning.M:Quite right.W:What is the weather forecast for today?M:Rainy in the morning and cloudy in the afternoon.W:It has been raining for the past f
11、ew days.M:I dont think weather like this can last long.W:Do you think it will be fine tomorrow?M:Perhaps.The weatherman says it will clear up tomorrow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. Where did the man watch the movie?A. At a friends house.B. Downtown.C. At a nearby cinema.12. How did the man
12、like the movie?A. It was excellent.B. It was absurd.C. It wasnt worth mentioning.13. Why did Dave say his roommate was a real airhead?A. He thought Titanic was a Japanese boat during World War .B. He said that the Japanese won the war using a boat called Titanic.C. He believed that the Japanese sank
13、 a boat called Titanic.14. What did Dave and his roommate do after the movie?A. They went out for a few drinks.B They watched TV.C. They talked about their hobbies.【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B【解析】【原文】W: Hey,Dave. How was your weekend?M: Not bad. I went downtown to watch a movie with my roommate. W: H
14、ow was it?M: Oh,the movie was wonderful,but the company wasnt. W: What do you mean?M: WellI liked the movie,but my roommate is a real airhead. We started talking about this and that,and he thought Titanic was a boat the Japanese sank during World War . W: Oh,oh. Not a very bright guy. M: Yeah,and he
15、s real couch potato. He invited me over to his parents house to watch TV. Wow. I bet watching TV is his only hobby,but he sure doesnt know much. W: Too bad. Hey,do you want to go out and get something to drink?Its pretty early. M: Nah. Id like to go to bed. I have a test tomorrow morning,and I want
16、to be ready for it.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】15. What is the woman?A. A saleswoman.B. A student.C. A bank clerk.16. How much money can the woman get per month all together?A. 760.B. 1 260.C. 2 160.17. What does the man advise the woman to do?A. Work more.B. Get some money from the bank.C. M
17、ake a monthly budget.【答案】15. B 16. B 17. C【解析】【原文】M: Hi, Carina. Long time no see. Out partying every night, instead of studying, huh?W: Well, not recently! Actually, I dont have any money to party these days. M: Hey, I thought you had a good part-time job at the mall. W: I do. I work about twenty h
18、ours a week, and the pays not bad, nine dollars and fifty cents an hour. M: Really? So thats seven hundred and sixty dollars a month. Hey, thats not a bad income for a student!W: I know. And my parents send me five hundred dollars a month, too. But. . . M: But you cant live on that?W: No. I only man
19、age to save about ten dollars a month. M: It sounds like you have a budget problem. Simply, either work more or spend less. W: Im definitely not going to work more. M: So youd better start spending less. Why dont you make a monthly budget?W: A budget? Hmm, maybe. . . Hey, Tim, you majored in economi
20、cs, right?M: Uh, yeah. . . W: And you work in a bank now, right?M: Uh, yeah, why?W: Well, youre the best person to help me make a budget!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18. What did the woman do immediately after she woke up?A. She looked out of the window.B. She turned on the TV.C. She prepared to
21、 leave.19. What was the weather like that day?A. Rainy.B. Sunny.C. Windy.20. What can we know from the passage?A. The woman left without taking anything.B. She couldnt see the road clearly because night was drawing near.C. A big fire broke out around where she lived.【答案】18. B 19. C 20. C【解析】【原文】The
22、first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was watching the TV news. I could see that the situation was bad.Outside in the garden,I couldnt see the sun,as the sky was full of smoke. I decided Id better leave.I packed a suitcase of clothes and another case of useful things.Its difficult in this
23、kind of situation to decide exactly what to take with you. Out in the garden the sky was getting blacker,and the wind was getting stronger.I got into my car and drove down the road.The smoke was thick and at times it was difficult to see the road.Animals were running across the road,trying to escape
24、 the fire.Five miles down the road I came to a long bridge.Only when I was on the other side did I know I was safe.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABuzzwords (流行词汇)SplinternetEurope is floating regulation that could impose temporary bans on US tech compani
25、es that violate its laws. If such territorial agreements become more common, the globally-connected Internet we know will more like what some have called the “splinternet”, or a collection of different Internets whose limits are determined by national or regional borders.CyberpunkDo you think we are
26、 already in a cyberpunk age?I think we are. Just look around us, we are enjoying the fruit of high technology when we order almost everything at our fingertips. But the people delivering the products cant even have a decent meal. Thats a typical “high tech, low life” contrast.MansplainingYou must fo
27、llow my instructions to complete the project. Dont you ever screw up.Stop mansplaining, OK? Im far more experienced than you.Digital nativesIf you are wondering why “Phone” app icon is designed like that and looks almost the same on every smartphone, you are definitely one of the digital natives who
28、 dont know what a telephone is.Social bankruptcyHave you ever found it extremely exhausting trying to maintain a balanced relationship with all your social media friends and followers? Perhaps its time that you go social bankruptcy. Just close all your accounts and go out and enjoy the sunshine.21.
29、The social media platform Facebook briefly decided to prevent Australian users from sharing new links. Which word is most relevant to this affair?A. SplinternetB. MansplainingC. Digital nativesD. Social bankruptcy22. Mencius (孟子) once said: “Disgust for someone by others does focus on his/her preten
30、ding to be others master.” Which word means the same thing?A. SplinternetB. CyberpunkC. MansplainingD. Digital natives23. Which column in Teen Space Magazine is the text probably from?A. PrefaceB. OutlookC. StoryD. Witticism【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些如今流行的流行词汇的含义。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一
31、段“Europe is floating regulation that could impose temporary bans on US tech companies that violate its laws. If such territorial agreements become more common, the globally-connected Internet we know will more like what some have called the “splinternet”, or a collection of different Internets whose
32、 limits are determined by national or regional borders.(欧洲正在实施一项浮动法规，可能对违反欧洲法律的美国科技公司实施临时禁令。 如果这样的领土协议变得更加普遍，我们所知道的全球互联互联网将更像一些人所说的“分裂互联网”，或不同互联网的集合，其界限由国家或地区边界决定)”可知，社交媒体平台Facebook暂时决定阻止澳大利亚用户分享新的链接，Splinternet与之相关。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Mansplaining部分中“You must follow my instructions to complete the p
33、roject. Dont you ever screw up. Stop mansplaining, OK? Im far more experienced than you.(你必须按照我的指示完成这个项目。 千万别搞砸了。停止好为人师好吗？我比你经验丰富多了)”可知，孟子说过“人之患在好为人师”与C选项“Mansplaining”意思是一样的。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Buzzwords (流行词汇)”以及文章主要介绍了一些如今流行的流行词汇的含义，可推知，文章可能来自青少年空间杂志的“前景”专栏。故选B。BEveryone is afraid of somethin
34、g. Maybe youre afraid of spiders, or heights, or dogs, or the dark. And traditionally, weve thought thats because you learned to be afraid. Probably because you had a bad run-in with something at some point. But theres a different idea out there thats been getting more attention lately: the idea tha
35、t fears arent just learned they also can be inherited.It sounds like a wild idea. How do you inherit something as abstract as fear? But over the last fifty years, researchers have been studying just how much fears have to do with inheritance and genetics. And their results have been kind of surprisi
36、ng.In this work, theyve put a lot of effort into understanding one extreme kind of fear, called a phobia. To get a sense of how much genes influence fear, scientists have begun looking at identical twins. Since identical twins have almost the same DNA, researchers can figure out how heritable a fear
37、 is by comparing how often specific phobias appear in identical twins as opposed to other brothers or sisters. Because even though twins often have lots of similar experiences, they probably dont share the types of experiences that cause phobias like getting bitten by a dog or falling out of a tree.
38、One 1998 study of 659 pairs of identical and fraternal twins in Australia looked at how many had a fear of blood. The study found that genetics accounted for 71 percent of the variation among those people, meaning genetic factors play a pretty big role in determining whether a person has some specif
39、ic fear.A 2016 study also found that fear of dental work was over 30 percent heritable. So, if you are afraid of going to the dentist, it really might not be your dentists fault. Overall, first-degree relatives of people with phobias are more likely to have similar phobias than people with no family
40、 history.So, its pretty clear that phobias are heritable!24. What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Para. 2?A. Its unbelievable that people can inherit something so abstract like fear.B. Its surprising that people know so little about inheritance and genetics.C. Its natural t
41、hat people become afraid of things that they had bad experience with.D. Its interesting that people arc afraid of so many things such as spiders and the dark.25. Why did the scientists choose identical twins as their test subjects?A. They looks very much alike.B. They have shared experiences.C. They
42、 have similar personalities.D. They share basically the same DNA.26. What did the author try to prove by mentioning the studies in Para. 4 and 5?A. Dentists are scary to many kids.B. Most people have some kind of fear.C. Fear of blood is the most common phobia.D. Fear of things can be a result of ge
43、netic inheritance.27. Where does the text probably come from?A. A travel brochure.B. A science talk show.C. A commercial advertisement.D. A history book.【答案】24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西，介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。【24题详解】句意猜测题。根据画线词后文“How do you inherit something as abst
44、ract as fear? But over the last fifty years, researchers have been studying just how much fears have to do with inheritance and genetics. And their results have been kind of surprising.”可知，但在过去的50年里，研究人员一直在研究恐惧与遗传和基因有多大关系。他们的结果证明了人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西，这令人惊讶，故画线句意思是“令人难以置信的是，人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西”。故选A。【25题详解】细节理
45、解题。根据第三段中“Since identical twins have almost the same DNA, researchers can figure out how heritable a fear is by comparing how often specific phobias appear in identical twins as opposed to other brothers or sisters.(由于同卵双胞胎拥有几乎相同的DNA，研究人员可以通过比较特定恐惧症在同卵双胞胎和其他兄弟姐妹中出现的频率来了解恐惧的遗传程度)”可知，科学家选择同卵双胞胎作为他们的测试
46、对象因为他们基本上拥有相同的DNA。 故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“One 1998 study of 659 pairs of identical and fraternal twins in Australia looked at how many had a fear of blood. The study found that genetics accounted for 71 percent of the variation among those people, meaning genetic factors play a pretty big role in de
47、termining whether a person has some specific fear.(1998年的一项研究对澳大利亚659对同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎进行了研究，看有多少人害怕血。研究发现，基因在这些人的变异中占71%，这意味着基因因素在决定一个人是否有某种特定的恐惧方面发挥了相当大的作用)”以及第五段“A 2016 study also found that fear of dental work was over 30 percent heritable. So, if you are afraid of going to the dentist, it really migh
48、t not be your dentists fault. Overall, first-degree relatives of people with phobias are more likely to have similar phobias than people with no family history. (2016年的一项研究还发现，对牙医的恐惧超过30%是遗传的。所以，如果你害怕去看牙医，这可能不是你牙医的错。总的来说，有恐惧症的人的一级亲属比没有家族史的人更有可能有类似的恐惧症)”可推知，作者通过提到第4和第5段的研究试图证明恐惧可能是遗传的结果。故选D。【27题详解】推理
49、判断题。根据第一段中“But theres a different idea out there thats been getting more attention lately: the idea that fears arent just learned they also can be inherited.(但最近有一种不同的观点得到了更多的关注：恐惧不仅仅是后天习得的它们也可以遗传)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员发现人们能遗传像恐惧这样抽象的东西，介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。可推知，文章可能来自科学谈话节目。故选B。CDr. Melissa D. Young is a chemi
50、st and Certified Diabetes Educator at the American Association of Diabetes Educators who holds a very personal interest in advocating for annual flu vaccination (预防接种). Twelve years ago, her mother passed away after a flu infection. Youngs mother had a chronic (慢性的) lung condition, but she had refus
51、ed to get a flu vaccine because she mistakenly thought it would make her suffer from the flu. Its a sad, but all too common story. According to data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, of US adults who were hospitalized for flu infection in 2018-2019 with additional informat
52、ion available, 93 percent had at least one medical condition. In the US, nearly half of all adults aged 45-64 years, and 80 percent of those aged 65 years and older, have multiple chronic health conditions that put them at high risk for flu-related complications, including heart attack, stroke, hosp
53、italization, and even death. To address this public health threat, the medical community is working together to protect the most vulnerable (易受伤害的) patients. Flu viruses cause a reaction that can last for several weeks following serious infection. This flu-related reaction can make existing chronic
54、conditions worse, including heart disease, lung disease and diabetes. Additionally, adults with diabetes were six times more likely to be hospitalized and three times more likely to die from flu-related complications than people without diabetes. Yet there remains low awareness of the importance of
55、annual flu vaccination for adults with chronic health conditions. Despite the abundance of public health guidance urging people to get vaccinated each year, increasing flu vaccination rates has proven extremely difficult. Vaccination coverage among adults has increased slightly over the past decade,
56、 but remains about 40 percent, leaving more than half of US adults vulnerable each year.28. Why does the author mention Youngs mother in paragraph 1?A. To summarize the following paragraphs.B. To introduce the topic of the text.C. To show the background of the story.D. To provide some advice for rea
57、ders.29. What do we know about flu infection and chronic conditions?A. They influence each other.B. They exist mainly in America.C. They hardly happen to the young.D. They are the main reasons for death.30. What attitude do most American adults have towards flu vaccination?A. Positive.B. Flexible.C.
58、 Uncertain.D. Uncaring.31. What may be the best title for the text?A. The benefits of flu vaccinationB. Flu infection is increasing in the USAC. Flu infection is a threat for American adultsD. The difficulty in carrying out flu vaccination【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国流感的严重性以及
59、美国成年人不重视预防流感和接种疫苗。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Its a sad, but all too common story. (这是一个令人悲伤但又非常普遍的故事)”以及最后一段“Yet there remains low awareness of the importance of annual flu vaccination for adults with chronic health conditions. (然而，对于患有慢性疾病的成年人每年接种流感疫苗的重要性，人们的认识仍然很低)”可推知，作者在第一段提到杨的母亲是为了引出文章的主题。故选B项。【29题详解
60、】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“have multiple chronic health conditions that put them at high risk for flu-related complications, including heart attack, stroke, hospitalization, and even death (患有多种慢性疾病，这使他们面临着心脏病、中风、住院甚至死亡等流感相关并发症的高风险)”以及第四段“This flu-related reaction can make existing chronic conditions worse, inc
61、luding heart disease, lung disease and diabetes. (这种与流感相关的反应会使现有的慢性疾病恶化，包括心脏病、肺病和糖尿病)”可推知，流感感染和慢性病相互影响。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Vaccination coverage among adults has increased slightly over the past decade, but remains about 40 percent, leaving more than half of US adults vulnerable each year. (在过
62、去十年中，成年人的疫苗接种率略有上升，但仍保持在40%左右，每年有超过一半的美国成年人易受感染)”可推知，大多数美国成年人对流感疫苗接种的态度是不关注的。故选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第二段“US adults who were hospitalized for flu infection in 2018-2019 with additional information available, 93 percent had at least one medical condition. (在2018-2019年因流感感染住院的美国成年人中，93%的人至少有一种疾病)”以
63、及第三段“In the US, nearly half of all adults aged 45-64 years, and 80 percent of those aged 65 years and older, have multiple chronic health conditions that put them at high risk for flu-related complications (在美国，近一半的45-64岁成年人以及80%的65岁及以上的成年人患有多种慢性疾病，这些疾病使他们面临流感相关并发症的高风险)”可推知，本文主要介绍了流感感染对美国成年人的威胁性之高。C
64、项“流感感染对美国成年人是一种威胁”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。DThe far side of the moon is a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet. Soon this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes.Astronomers are plan
65、ning to make the moons distant side our newest and best window on the cosmic(宇宙的) dark ages, a mysterious era hiding early marks of stars and galaxies. Our universe was not always filled with stars. About 380,000 years after the big bang, the universe cooled, and the first atoms of hydrogen formed.
66、Gigantic hydrogen clouds soon filled the universe. But for a few hundred million years, everything remained dark, without stars. Then came the cosmic dawn: the first stars flickered, galaxies came into existence and slowly the universes largescale structure took shape.The seeds of this structure mus
67、t have been present in the darkage hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical(光学的) telescopesthere was no light. And although this hydrogen produced longwavelength(or lowfrequency) radio emissions,radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them.
68、Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanitys radio noise.Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moons far side. Now multiple space agencies plan lunar missions carrying radiowavedetecting inst
69、rumentssome within the next three yearsand astronomers dreams are set to become reality.“If I were to design an ideal place to do lowfrequency radio astronomy, I would have to build the moon,” says astrophysicist Jack Burns of the University of Colorado Boulder. “We are just now finally getting to t
70、he place where were actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.”32. Whats the purpose of building radio telescopes on the moon?A. To research the big bang.B. To discover unknown stars.C. To study the cosmic dark ages.D. To observe the far side of the moon.33
71、. What does the underlined word “probe” in Paragraph 3 possibly mean?A. Explore.B. Evaluate.C. Produce.D. Predict.34. Hydrogen radio emissions cant be detected on Earth because _A. there was no light in the dark agesB. they cannot possibly get through our atmosphereC. gigantic hydrogen clouds no lon
72、ger fill the universeD. radio signals on Earth cause too much interference35. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?A. Scientists have to rebuild the moon.B. We will finally get to the moons distant side.C. The moon is a perfect place to set up radio telescopes.D. A fa
73、vorable research environment will be found on the moon.【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们想要在月球背面架设射电望远镜，以此来研究宇宙暗黑纪元。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“The far side of the moon is a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet. So
74、on this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes.（月球的背面是一个奇怪而狂野的区域，与我们每晚从地球上看到的熟悉而平滑的面孔大不相同。很快，这个粗糙的空间将会有更加奇特的特征: 它将被射电望远镜所包围。）”可知，月球的远端很快就要被射电望远镜所包围；而根据第四段“Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moons far side.（几十年
75、来，科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元。）”可知，科学家们想通过研究月球的背面来研究宇宙的黑暗纪元。由以上可以推出，架设电望远镜的目的是研究宇宙的黑暗纪元。故选C项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词部分“The seeds of this structure must have been present in the darkage hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical(光学的) telescopesthere was no light.（这种结构的种子一定存在于黑暗纪元
76、的氢云中，但是这个时代不可能用光学望远镜来probe 那里没有光。）”中的there was no light解释了不能用光学望远镜的原因。且根据后文“And although this hydrogen produced longwavelength (or lowfrequency) radio emissions, radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them.（尽管这种氢气产生了长波长(或低频率)的电辐射，但地球上的射电望远镜已经发现几乎不可能探测到它们。）”中detect即为“探测”之
77、意。前后对应，probe应为“探测”之意，意同“explore”。故选A项。34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanitys radio noise.（我们的大气层要么阻碍或干扰这些微弱的信号；那些通过的信号被人类的无线电噪声所淹没。）”中的humanitys radio noise可知，检测不到射电辐射的原因是，地球上的无线电信号造成了太多的干扰。故选D项。【35题详解】判断推理题
78、。根据第四段“Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moons far side.（几十年来，科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元。）”和最后一段“We are just now finally getting to the place where were actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.”（ “我们未来几年将把这些望远镜放在月
79、球上的地方。”）”可推知，划线部分的意思是月球是架设射电望远镜的理想场所。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Making the Most of the PresentWeve all been asked that question Where do you see yourself in 5 or 10 years?” and while some of us might have the answers to that, the reality is, most of us don
80、t and that is totally OK._36_ Weve put together the below tips on how to enjoy living in the moment.Stop worrying about what hasnt happened yet. Weve all done it. Worrying about a situation that hasnt happened yet is only going to ruin all the good things that are happening now. If you focus on the
81、future too much, it makes the present irrelevant. _37_ If it is really eating you up, try thinking about what you can do right now to avoid any negative situations you might be worried about._38_ It is so easy to get caught up in other peoples lives and compare your achievements to theirs, so if you
82、 find yourself doubting your achievements and feeling less than someone because they have a nicer car or a better job, take a step away from them for a while until you no longer feel negatively about the differences in your lives and achievements. Better mood, better life.Put yourself first and stop
83、 trying to please everyone else. _39_ And looking after yourself before anyone else is the most important. Work towards the goals you want to achieve, not the ones others want you to achieve or the ones you think you should be achieving because society tells us too. If you dont want to get married,
84、thats OK, and if you do, thats OK too. _40_A. No one is better than you.B You are your own number one.C. Just make sure that anything you do, is done for you!D. Stop being influenced by popular and influential people.E. Surround yourself with people that make you feel better.F. What will be, will be
85、 and stressing about something isnt going to change that.G. Thinking ahead is important but it can often be the cause of unnecessary stress.【答案】36. G 37. F 38. E 39. B 40. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文就话题“怎样抓住当下，过好当下”进行陈述并给出了三个方面的建议。【36题详解】根据上文“Weve all been asked that question Where do you see yourself in 5
86、or 10 years?”and while some of us might have the answers to that, the reality is, most of us dont and that is totally OK.(我们都被问到过这个问题:“你认为自己在5年或10年后会发展到什么地步?”虽然有些人可能知道答案，但事实是，大多数人都不知道，这也没什么)”和下文“Weve put together the below tips on how to enjoy living in the moment.(我们整理了下面这些如何享受当下的小贴士)”可知，空处承上启下，说明提
87、前考虑会带来压力。G项“提前考虑是很重要的，但它往往会导致不必要的压力”符合语境。故选G。【37题详解】本段主题句为“Stop worrying about what hasnt happened yet.(不要担心还没有发生的事情)”可知，本段主要说明不要为将来担心，F项中“What will be, will be”与之对应。F项“将来会怎样，会怎样，为某事感到压力不会改变它”符合语境。故选F。【38题详解】设空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Better mood, better life.(好心情，好生活)”可知，E项中“make you feel better.”与之对应。E项“和让你感觉
88、更好的人在一起”符合语境。故选E。【39题详解】根据上文“Put yourself first and stop trying to please everyone else.(把自己放在第一位，不要试图取悦其他人)”可知，本段主要强调的是自己是最重要的。B项“你就是你自己的第一”符合语境。故选B。【40题详解】该自然段主题句为“Put yourself first and stop trying to please everyone else(把自己放在第一位，不要试图取悦其他人)”设空在文段最后一句，总结该文段意思。C项“只要确保你做的任何事，都是为你做的！”符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言
89、运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Gone are the days when big businesses were looked upon by environmentalists as enemies in the fight against global warming.Just two weeks after U. S. President Donald Trump pulled his country out of the Paris Climate Agre
90、ement, more than 900 American firms put their _41_to a “We Are Still In” open letter to the United Nations. Together, they promise to help reduce Americas carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025, _42_the Paris Climate Agreement._43_, big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years
91、now. Alongside energy-efficiency measures, the strongest evidence of their _44_has been the number of new wind and solar projects that they have been helping to build around the world. IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers (服务器). Some environmentalist
92、s now believe that big businesses could become strong _45_behind the worldwide spread of renewable energy. “There used to be little action,” says Marty Spitzer of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), “Now, I see fundamental _46_being made.”More recently, this enthusiasm for environmental protection has _4
93、7_from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets. Take Walmart, the worlds largest retailer, for example. In March 2016, it said that it would require its own operations and those along its _48_chain to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions by one b
94、illion tons by 2030. This is _49_to taking 211 million passenger cars off Americas roads for a year. The announcement was _50_by the WWF and other conservation organizations, which are helping Walmarts suppliers work towards this goal. Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that seven of its biggest g
95、lobal manufacturers have promised to power their Apple-related _51_with renewable energy by the end of this year.According to the WWF, in the United States alone, nearly two dozen of the biggest firms have committed themselves to becoming 100 percent renewable in the near future. Herv Touati of the
96、Rocky Mountain Institute, a clean-energy research firm, explains the _52_behind this trend. Going green improves the companies public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors.Anheuser-Busch InBev, the worlds biggest brewer (啤酒公司), has lots of young people among its many _53_. Many of t
97、hem take environmental issues seriously. Electricity, used _54_in the brewing process, amounts to a tenth of its total costs. Last year, the company set out to increase the role of renewables in generating _55_to 100 percent by 2025. “My generation often takes energy and clean air for granted,” said
98、 Tony Milikin, the firms chief sustainability officer. “The generation coming up now looks at it totally differently.”41. A. postersB. innovationsC. namesD. donations42. A. for fear ofB. by means ofC. in line withD. on account of43. A. In factB. On averageC. By contrastD. In addition44. A. assessmen
99、tB. commitmentC. argumentD. attachment45. A. predictorsB. featuresC. casesD. forces46. A. changesB. profitsC. mistakesD. differences47. A. transferredB. rangedC. processedD. extended48. A. foodB. storeC. supplyD. data49. A. oppositeB. equivalentC. accustomedD. second50. A. criticizedB. issuedC. welc
100、omedD. underlined51. A. contentB. accountsC. activitiesD. production52. A. inspirationsB. motivationsC. destinationsD. functions53. A. manufacturersB. investorsC. customersD. administrators54. A. considerablyB. skillfullyC. economicallyD. occasionally55. A. heatB. windC. waterD. power【答案】41. C 42. C
101、 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了现在许多大企业转变了角色，发生了根本性的变化。由从前加速全球变暖，到现在采用节能和可再生能源等措施改善环境，认真对待气候变化的问题。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在美国总统唐纳德特朗普退出巴黎气候协议两周后，900多家美国公司向联合国签名和提交了一封题为“我们还在”的公开信。A. posters海报；B. innovations创新；C. names名字；D. donations捐赠。根
102、据“to a “We Are Still In” open letter to the United Nations”可知900多家美国公司签名了“我们还在”这封公开信。故选C。【42题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：他们共同承诺到2025年帮助美国减少26%的碳排放，符合巴黎气候协定。A. for fear of为了避免，以免；B. by means of借助于，依靠；C. in line with符合，与.一致；D. on account of由于，因为。根据“the Paris Climate Agreement”可知他们的共同承诺符合巴黎气候协定。故选C。【43题详解】考查固定短语词
103、义辨析。句意：事实上，大企业多年来一直在认真对待气候变化问题。A. In fact事实上；B. On average平均，通常；C. By contrast对比，相比之下；D. In addition另外，此外。根据“big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now”可知是一个事实。故选A。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了节能措施之外，他们在世界各地帮助建设的新风能和太阳能项目的数量，也是证明他们承诺的最有力证据。A. assessment评价，鉴定；B. commitment承诺，保证；C.
104、 argument争吵，论据；D. attachment附件，依恋。根据上文“Together, they promise to help reduce Americas carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025”可知是证明他们承诺的最有力证据。故选B。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些环保人士现在认为，大企业可能成为全球推广可再生能源的强大力量。A. predictors预报器；B. features特征，产品特点；C. cases情况，案例；D. forces力量，势力。根据上文“IT firms such as Amazon and Googl
105、e have been using clean energy to power their servers (服务器).”可知大企业可能成为全球推广可再生能源的强大力量。故选D。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界野生动物基金会的马蒂斯皮策(Marty Spitzer)说：“过去几乎没有什么行动，但现在，我看到了根本性的变化。”A. changes变化，改变；B. profits收益；C. mistakes错误；D. differences差异，偏差。根据“There used to be little action”和“Now”可知现在他看到了根本性的变化。故选A。【47题详解】考查动
106、词词义辨析。句意：最近，这种环保热情已经从企业总部扩展到分支机构和供应商，从发达国家扩展到新兴市场。A. transferred转移；B. ranged变化，包括；C. processed加工，审核；D. extended延长，扩充。根据“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets”可知这种环保热情已经从企业总部扩展到分支机构和供应商，从发达国家扩展到新兴市场。故选D。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年3月，该公司表示
107、，到2030年，它将要求自己的业务和供应链沿线的业务减少10亿吨二氧化碳排放。A. food食物；B. store商店；C. supply供应；D. data数据。根据上文“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers”可知该公司表示，到2030年，它将要求自己的业务和供应链沿线的业务减少10亿吨二氧化碳排放。故选C。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这相当于美国公路上的2.11亿辆乘用车减少了一年。A. opposite对立的，相反的；B. equivalent相等的，等价的；C. accustomed习惯的；D. seco
108、nd第二的。根据“to taking 211 million passenger cars off Americas roads for a year”和上文“to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030”可知这相当于美国公路上的2.11亿辆乘用车减少了一年。短语be equivalent to“等（同）于，相等（当）于.”。故选B。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该声明受到了世界自然基金会和其他环保组织的欢迎，它们正在帮助沃尔玛的供应商实现这一目标。A. criticized批评；B. issued发布；C
109、. welcomed欢迎；D. underlined在.下划线，强调。根据“which are helping Walmarts suppliers work towards this goal”可知该声明受到了世界自然基金会和其他环保组织的欢迎。故选C。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：iPhone制造商苹果(Apple)表示，其全球最大的七家制造商已承诺在今年年底前，用可再生能源为与苹果相关的生产提供动力。A. content内容；B. accounts账目，账号；C. activities活动；D. production产品，成果。根据“Apple, maker of the iPh
110、one, has said that”可知用可再生能源为与苹果相关的生产提供动力。故选D。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Herv Touati来自清洁能源研究公司落基山研究所，他解释了这种趋势背后的动机。A. inspirations启示，灵感；B. motivations动机；C. destinations目的地，终点；D. functions功能。根据“explains”和下文“Going green improves the companies public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors.”可知Her
111、v Touati解释了这种趋势背后的动机。故选B。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上最大的啤酒酿造商百威英博的客户中有很多年轻人。A. manufacturers制造商；B. investors投资者；C. customers顾客，客户；D. administrators管理员。根据“has lots of young people”可知百威英博的客户中有很多年轻人。故选C。【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在酿造过程中，电力消耗相当大，占总成本的十分之一。A. considerably相当地，非常；B. skillfully巧妙地；C. economically经济地；D. o
112、ccasionally偶尔。根据“amounts to a tenth of its total costs”可知在酿造过程中，电力消耗相当大。故选A。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，该公司开始将可再生能源在发电中的作用提高到2025年的100%。A. heat高温，压力，热烈；B. wind风；C. water水；D. power力量，能力。根据上文“Electricity, used 14in the brewing process”可知去年该公司开始将可再生能源在发电中的作用提高到2025年的100%。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空
113、白处填写适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。_56_ (doubt), Earth is becoming warmer and there is strong evidence of _57_ causes the dramatic change in the global climate. Actually, the “greenhouse effect” is _58_ (blame). The rise in temperature has _59_ (lead) to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters
114、worldwide, not only _60_ (cause) serious damage, but also costing human lives. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments need to consider making policies and _61_ (take) appropriate actions and measures while we as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of
115、 carbon dioxide our lifestyle produce.China _62_ (make) great progress in space programme in recent years, including Yang Liweis successfully orbiting Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft in 2003 and Change 4s exploring the surface of the far side of the moon to make _63_ (measure) and observations.Th
116、e future of space exploration remains bright. _64_ the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enables us _65_ (understand) how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.【答案】56. Undoubtedly 57. what 58. to blame 59. led 60. causing 61. taking 62. has ma
117、de 63. measurements 64. Despite 65. to understand【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了全球气温上升导致极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，还造成人员伤亡。以及近年来，中国在太空计划方面取得了巨大的进步，包括2003年杨利伟成功地乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地飞行，以及嫦娥四号探索月球背面进行测量和观察。【56题详解】考查副词。句意：毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，有强有力的证据表明是什么导致了全球气候的剧烈变化。修饰后文整个句子应用副词，表示“毫无疑问”应用undoubtedly，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Undoubtedly。【57题详解】考查宾语
118、从句。句意：毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，有强有力的证据表明是什么导致了全球气候的剧烈变化。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”应用what引导。故填what。【58题详解】考查固定短语。句意：事实上，“温室效应”是罪魁祸首。结合句意表示“应被责备”可知短语为be to blame。故填to blame。【59题详解】考查时态。句意：全球气温上升导致极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，还造成人员伤亡。根据上文“The rise in temperature has”可知为现在完成时，空处应用过去分词。故填led。【60题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：全球气温上升导致极端天气和自然灾害增
119、多，不仅造成严重破坏，还造成人员伤亡。分析句子结构可知cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语extreme weather and natural disasters构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填causing。【61题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了减少温室气体排放，政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施，而我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。结合句意表示“考虑做某事”可知短语为consider doing sth.。故填taking。【62题详解】考查动词时态。句意：近年来，中国在太空计划方面取得了巨大的进步，包括2003年杨
120、利伟成功地乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地飞行，以及嫦娥四号探索月球背面进行测量和观察。根据后文“in recent years”可知应用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词用has。故填has made。【63题详解】考查名词的数。句意：近年来，中国在太空计划方面取得了巨大的进步，包括2003年杨利伟成功地乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地飞行，以及嫦娥四号探索月球背面进行测量和观察。空处作宾语，表示“测量”应用名词measurement，结合后文observations可知应用复数。故填measurements。【64题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能
121、帮助我们在未来很好地生存下去。结合句意表示“尽管”，后跟名词作宾语，应用介词despite，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。【65题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能帮助我们在未来很好地生存下去。结合句意表示“使某人能做某事”短语为enable sb. to do sth.。故填to understand。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66. 假定你是李华，你的外教 Mr While 对中国传统节日中秋节很感兴趣，他来信向你请教“中秋节”及这个节日里的主要活动。你回信介绍这个节日。内容包括：(
122、1)它是中国的传统节日之一；(2)家人团聚；(3)赏月、吃月饼；(4)还有旅游、访友等其他活动。注意：词数 80 左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear Mr. While,I am more than delighted to learn that you show great interest in Chinese Mid-autumn Festival. Now Im writing to tell you something about it in detail.The Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth
123、 month of our Chinese lunar calendar. As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity for celebration of family reunion. With the beautiful moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories. In addition to these traditional activi
124、ties, we have a range of choices such as traveling and visiting our relatives and friends.Im looking forward to your arrival and joining me in experiencing it together.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教 Mr While写一封回信，介绍中国传统节日中秋节。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：delighted happy/glad对感兴趣：show interest in be interes
125、ted in 团聚：reunion get together除之外：in addition to =besides2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity for celebration of family reunion.拓展句：Because the Mid-Autumn festival is one of Chinas traditional festivals, it has been enjoying great popular
126、ity for celebration of family reunion.【点睛】高分句型1 I am more than delighted to learn that you show great interest in Chinese Mid-autumn Festival. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)高分句型2 With the beautiful moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories. (运用了现在分词作状语)第二节（满分25分）67. 阅读下面
127、材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。It was a very hot afternoon. My friend Leah and I were waiting for the rush hour train. We were tired and couldnt wait to get back to the place where we were living.When the train arrived, we got into the second carriage from the front. The air-condition
128、ing wasnt working at the rear (后部), so the front was particularly crowded that day. I sat by the window admiring the changing landscape.Suddenly we felt enormous pressure pushing us backwards into our seats. The windows broke into tiny pieces and dust flew around violently. I could barely open my ey
129、es.The train was suffering from a crash, and it didnt feel as if it were going to stop. I thought I would be dead. I thought about my husband Guy, who was supposed to receive the news first. I thought of my dear father and other family members, wondering how each would deal with my death.Voices bega
130、n to break through my thoughts. People were anxious. Strangely, I was totally calm. I wasnt panicking; my heart wasnt even beating fast. When the train finally stopped, we slowly stood up, pushing off the table that had fallen onto us; others stayed in their seats and many were injured and covered i
131、n blood. I could hear screaming. A soldier pushed the damaged door open for us to escape.Our carriage had run out of rails and we were halfway home. We had a lot of blood on us and I searched my body for wounds, but I didnt find any. My knees felt painful and my hips were black and blue, and Leah ha
132、d her hand cut when jumping off the train, but that wasnt serious.Helicopters landed and we saw soldiers running in and out. All around us were ambulances (救护车) and people lying on the ground. Everyone was shouting for help. I rang Guy, who was very calm and said he would come and get us. Seeing all
133、 these brought me great emotional hurt.Paragraph 1:It was almost dark by the time we found Guy and he drove us home. _Paragraph 2:In the days that followed, I convinced myself I had internal bleeding. _【答案】Paragraph 1:It was almost dark by the time we found Guy and he drove us home. Slowly I realize
134、d what we had just been through. My father arrived later to find me unable to eat, sleep or talk, in a condition of confusion and fear. Why wasnt I injured? Why did I survive? I think it was a mixture of luck and that we fastened our safety belts, so the force of the crash pushed us into our seats,
135、rather than across the train.Paragraph 2:In the days that followed, I convinced myself I had internal bleeding. I went to hospital, but doctors told me that I was fine; I think it was just part of the emotional hurt I was feeling. I had survived one of the worst ever train crashes eight people died
136、and at least 200 were injured in that train crash. But I did escape from the terrible disaster fortunately. Even now, no one knows why it happened.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和她的朋友乘坐火车时遭遇的一起严重的事故。这起事故给作者带来了巨大的情感伤害。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“我们发现Guy的时候，天已经快黑了，他开车送我们回家”可知，第一段可描写作者劫后余生的感受和家人们的反应。由第二段首句内容“在接下来的日子里
137、，我确信自己有内出血”可知，第二段可描写作者去医院检查的经过和结果。2.续写线索：发现Guy开车回家作者劫后余生的感受作者去医院检查检查经过和结果作者感悟3词汇激活行为类意识到：realize/ be aware of到达：arrive/ get to确信：convince/ assure情绪类情感：emotional / spiritual可怕：terrible / horrible【点睛】高分句型1 Slowly I realized what we had just been through. (运用了what引导宾语从句)高分句型2 I went to hospital, but doctors told me that I was fine; I think it was just part of the emotional hurt I was feeling. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
