1、第四节介词和连词考点一 常见介词的用法against，beyond，by，for，with，without，over，in，on，at，across，through等介词是常考的介词，它们大部分都有多层含义，全面掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面就几个含义较多、掌握较难的介词做一下介绍。1against意为“反对；对抗；违背；逆着；倚、靠；以为背景”。She fell down and hit her head against the ground.她倒了下来，头撞在了地上。The picture shows up well against the white wal
2、l.这幅画在这白壁的衬托之下很显眼。2beyond意为“在的另一边；超出；非所能及”。He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.他是个顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。Dont stay out beyond 10 oclock at night.晚上10 点以后不要在外面逗留。3by意为“在旁边；到为止；按照；按计算数量、报酬等；通过方式；以的幅度”。I can see by the expression on your face that you are in trouble.从你脸上的表情，我可以看得出你有了麻烦。Is this clo
3、th sold by the meter?这块布是按米卖的吗？4with意为“和在一起；带有；随着；用，凭借；关于；若是”。I saw it with my own eyes.我亲眼看到了。His money，with his wifes，comes to a million dollars.他的钱加上他太太的钱，合计达100 万美元。5over意为“在的正上方；多于；在期间”。We have something interesting to talk about over the meal.我们有很多感兴趣的事可以边吃边谈。(通常表示比 through (out)较短的期间)6for意为“为
4、了；支持，同意；因为，由于；就而言”。There is no medicine for a cold.A good sleep is the best cure for it.感冒没有药可医，最好的方法就是好好地睡一觉。 She is in her thirties but looks old for her age.她现在30几岁，但是看起来比她实际年龄要老。7off意为“在的外面；在的沿海；偏离；从离开”。He lives in a village a little a way off the main road.他住在离大路不远的一个村子。8through意为“穿过；整个；依据，经由；度
5、过”。My parents love got me through the hard time.我父母的爱帮助我度过了困难时期。 考点二 介词的固定搭配介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。近五年考查到的介词(短语)的固定搭配有：1inin the meanwhile 同时in the way 阻挡in time 及时；最终in detail 详细地in favour of 同意in case 以免；万一in return 作为回报in exchange for 用以交换2forbe praised for 因为受到表扬for life 终生for the be
6、nefit of 为了的利益as for 就而论；关于be trained for 被训练为for lack of 由于缺乏3onon behalf of 代表on the contrary 相反on condition that .以作为条件4withhave an appointment with 与有约会with regard to 关于5aboveabove average在平均数以上above all首先；最重要的是6byby chance 偶然；碰巧by name 用名字7fromapart from 除之外far from 远非8againstwarn sb.against (d
7、oing) sth.警告某人不要做某事9out ofout of control 失去控制out of place 不在合适的位置；不适当的out of ones reach 某人够不着的地方out of the question 不可能out of question 毫无疑问我和史密斯医生有个约会，但我需要改一下。I have an appointment with Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊却可以终生受用。You can change your job，you can move house，but friendship
8、is meant to be for life.除了良好的服务，本饭店还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.考点小结介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以日常学习中必须逐一掌握每个介词的用法；弄清易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。此外，常用介词、易混介词以及介词固定搭配的考查仍是未来考查的重点。考点三 连词1表并列关系： and
9、, not only .but (also) ., neither, nor, neither .nor .等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。Think it over，and youll find a way out.Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it.Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.2表选择关系：or, either
10、 .or .连接并列句表示选择意义。The children can go with us, or they can stay in.Either you or I am right.3表转折关系：常用的有but, yet等。I got it wrong.It wasnt the red one but the blue one.Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.4表示对比关系：用while。Mr.White is fat，while his wife is very thin.5表因果关系：常用的有so,
11、for。He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk.考点小结连词按用途主要分为并列连词和从属连词。而对状语从句的考查主要是通过从属连词来进行的。针对训练.根据句意用合适的介词或连词填空1(2014北京高考)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，_plants can spread to new places.【答案】so2(2014北京高考)Jane is in
12、a hurry because the train to the airport leaves_half an hour.【答案】in3(2014大纲全国卷)September 30 is the day_which you must pay your bill.【答案】by4(2014江西高考)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life_his great wealth.【答案】despite5(2014重庆高考)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went_the
13、road.【答案】 off6(2014浙江高考)People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying_expression.【答案】for7(2014陕西高考)The Scottish girl_blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.【答案】with8(2014山东高考) I dont really like the author，_I have to admit his boo
14、ks are very exciting.【答案】although / though9(2013大纲全国卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again，_I didnt want to spend all day with her.【答案】but10(2013四川高考)Read this story，_you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.【答案】and.选词填空in store；on the other hand；in return；rather than；except for；in re
15、sponse to；as a matter of fact；in shape；in addition to1(2014安徽高考)What we expect from you is working hard_hardly working.【答案】rather than2(2014福建高考)Our club is open to everyone_age，sex or educational background.【答案】except for 3(2014江苏高考)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups
16、 too to stay _.【答案】in shape4(2014湖北高考)Check carrots，potatoes，onions and any other vegetables _ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.【答案】in store5(2014江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence._，it could just put you in debt.【答案】On
17、 the other hand6(2014天津高考)_the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.【答案】In addition to7(2014浙江高考)While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything_.【答案】in return8(2014浙江高考)Facing up to your pro
18、blems _ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.【答案】rather than9(2014浙江高考)Theres no reason to be disappointed._，this could be rather amusing.【答案】As a matter of fact10(2014浙江五校一联)The company has changed some of its working practices _ complaints and criticism from the custom
19、ers.【答案】in response to.语篇填空用适当的介词填空Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June.The idea for creating a day 1._ children to honor their fathers began in Spokane，Washington.A woman 2._ the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3._ the idea for Fathers Day while listening to a Mothers Day sermon 4._ 1909.
20、Having been raised 5._ her father，Henry Jackson Smart，after her mother died，Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6._ her.It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was，7._ the eyes of his daughter，a courageous，selfless，and loving man.Sonoras father was born in June，so
21、 she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration 8._ Spokane，Washington 9._ the 19th of June,1910.In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10._ Fathers Day.Roses are the flowers for Fathers Day.【答案】1.for2.with3.of4.in5.by6.to7.in8.in 9.on10.as综合演练语法填空用适当的词完成下列短文It may
22、 help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.1._ some point in every speech，every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned.Fortunately，the moments are usually not obvious 2._ the listeners.Why？Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plan
23、s to say.They hear only what the speaker does say.If you lose your place 3._ a moment，wrongly change the order of a couple 4._ sentences，5._ forget to pause at a certain point，no one will be any the wiser.When such moments occur，dont worry about them.Just continue as if nothing happened.Even if you
24、do make an obvious mistake 6._ a speech，that doesnt really matter.In fact，the listeners are not looking 7._ a perfect performer.They are looking for a well thought out speech that expresses the speakers ideas clearly 8._ directly.As you work 9._ your speech，dont worry about being imperfect.Once you free your mind 10._ this，you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.【答案】1.At2.to3.for4.of5.or6.during7for8.and9.on10.of
