1、主谓一致“主谓一致”是指句子中主语与谓语之间在人称、数等方面保持的协调一致关系。在英语中谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。一、语法一致，也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。1、由and或both.and.连接两个名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如：Mrand MrsSmith are engineers史密斯夫妇是工程师。Fire and water do not agree水火
2、不相容。Both Lucy and Lily like cartoon2由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Each teacher and(each)student was given a book 每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。Every boy and every girl here gets a present.这里的每位男孩和女孩都得到一件礼物。No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。Many a teac
3、her and many a student enjoys the book very much许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书。3.不定代词“each one, each，one，no one，either ,niether,the other, another, some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主语时，或主语由each，each of ,every修饰时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。如： Each boy gets a prize每个孩子都得到了奖品。 Every dog has his day人人都有得意的时候。 Someone wants to bu
4、y the house有人要买这所房子。 Everything is ready，isnt it?一切都准备好了，是吧? Each of the books costs five yuan.每本书五块钱。 Somebody is using the phone有人在用着电话。 He has two sonsOne is a teacher；the other is an engineer 他有两个儿子。一个是老师，另一个是工程师。 注意 each，all，both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致。如： We each have an English-Chinese dictionary
5、 我们每人有一本英汉词典。 The students are all hardworking这些学生都很勤奋。 They both like pop music他们俩都喜欢流行音乐。4一些只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： His black trousers are too long他的黑裤子太长。 Your glasses are on your nose你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。 若这类名词与pair连用时，谓语动词往往与pair一致。如： A pair of glasses costs quite a lo
6、t now现在一副眼镜值很多钱。 There are two pairs of gloves on the desk桌上有两副手套。5.名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如：Clothes keep people warm衣服使人保暖。His works have been translated into several foreign languages他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。若表示
7、“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。6. 当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如：The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was running to the theater这位摇滚歌星随同他的保镖正
8、跑向剧院。MrRobbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight罗伯逊先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到达。My license，rather than my credit cards，was lost是我的驾驶执照而不是我的信用卡丢了。No one but your parents was there then除了你的父母，当时那里没人。Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports格林先生和他的女儿都喜欢体育。Tom，together with Mary and Alice，i
9、s going to swim this afternoon汤姆，玛丽和艾丽丝今天下午将一起去游泳。7. 由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of, plenty of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。（后致原则）一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：Most of the teachers are agains
10、t the proposal大部分教师反对这个提议。Some of the students are for the plan有些学生赞同这个计划。The rest of the lecture is dull讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。The rest of the bicycles are on sale today剩余的自行车今天出售。Half of the apple is rotten这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。Half of the apples are rotten这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。About one third of the books are worth reading.大
11、约三分之一的书值得一读。Over 30 of the students were absent from the meeting超过百分之三十的学生没有参加这个会。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea地球表面的四分之三是海。Only 40 of the work was done yesterday昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。 注意 当上面有些词单独作主语时，其主谓语一致关系一般要遵循意义一致的原则。如： All was silent万籁俱寂。 All were silent大家都静默着。 Thirty people in my c
12、lass are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians 我们班有30个学生是阿拉伯人，剩下的是加拿大人。 All has been tried一切都试过了。 All are here now大家都到齐了。 注意 population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数形式。如： The population of Canada is about 29
13、million 加拿大的人口约为2 900万。 Just under a third of the population now smokessmoke in this country 在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一。 About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants 这个国家大约百分之八十的人口是农民。8. 由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，pie
14、ce，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them他们发现了一种鸟。 A part of the book is not interesting这本书里有一部分内容没趣。 Parts of the book are very instructive 这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义。 These are two different forms of the same thing 这些是同一事物两种不同的形式。There is a piece of paper on the
15、desk,There are three piece of paper on the desk.9当none of后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。但是当eitherneither of.构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式(在口语中也可视为复数)。如： None of them isare aware of the danger他们中没有人意识到那个危险。 None of the money was paid to me连一分钱也没有付给我。 Either of the girls is Anns sister那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐
16、姐。 Neither of them is going to give up the chance 他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会。10当“a number ofa variety ofvarieties of（许多的）+可数名词复数” “an average of（平均有）+复数名词” “a total of+复数名词” （总共有）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词” “the average of+复数名词”（ “的平均数”） “the total of+复数名词” （的总数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如
17、： A number of new houses have been built there在那儿已建起许多新房子。 There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop 那个商店出售各种各样的商品。 The number of the people who know the secret is very limited 知道这个秘密的人数很有限。 The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。 An average of 3，000 people come t
18、o visit this famous school every year 每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观。 The average of 14，3 and 1 is 614，3和1的平均数是6。 A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信。The total of letters received last month was 300上个月收到的信总数是三百封。11. “the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，用复数谓语。the majority单独作主语时，谓语既可用单数，也可用复数形式。如： The
19、 majority of boys like football大多数男孩喜爱足球。 The majority waswere in favour of banning smoking大多数人支持禁烟。 The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。12“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“a goodgreat deal of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数 “a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语
20、，谓语用单数。 “a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。 “large quantities of+不可数名词复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。 A large amount of clean water is wasted every day 每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market 大量的资金投在当地的市场上。 Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year 这个城市每年要消费大
21、量的啤酒。 A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge 很多钱花在建这座桥上。 A large quantity of materials were spent on the building 建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。A good deal of work has to be done today今天有大量的工作要做。13表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词” “aan+单数名词+or two”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。如： One and a half bananas is left on the table桌
22、子上还剩有一个半香蕉。 One and a half hours is enough一个半小时足够了。 A student or two has failed the exam一两个学生考试不及格。 “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。14“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。如： More members than one have protested against the plan 反对这项提
23、议的会员不止一个。15当many a.或more than one+名词作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍采取单数形式。如： Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose 许多人认为没有目的的生活是毫无意义的。 More than one person is involved in the matter不止一人卷入到这件事中。16在“one+ofinout of+复数名词”结构中，一般采用语法一致的原则，即用单数动词。如果one改成two，three等数词，谓语用复数。 One of the students in o
24、ur class is from Tibet我们班有一位学生来自西藏。 One inout of twenty was badly damaged每二十个中有一个严重受损。 Three inout of ten students have failed in the exam 每十个学生中就有三个考试不过关。17. 当man(人类)，the world(世界上的人，人类)作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Only man knows how to cook只有人类懂得烹饪。 Only man is capable of speech+只有人类才具有说话的能力。 All the world knows
25、 that the earth is round世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。二、意义一致，就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。1、如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词通常共用一个冠词或限定词，谓语动词必须用单数。如：The teacher and writer is her friend这位教师兼作家是她的朋友。My teacher and mother is strict to me.比较：The singer and dancer has been invited to the party
26、. The singer and the dancer have been invited to the party.两个名词前都加冠词或其他限定词，则谓语动词要用复数形式。常作为一个整体概念来看待的组合有下面这些，谓语用单数。常见整体概念词组： bread and butter黄油面包 bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包 a knife and fork一副刀叉law and order法律和秩序Ham and eggs 火腿蛋Bread and butter is her favourite food.黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。 Time and tide waits for
27、no man岁月不待人。2、集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示每个成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，personnel，public，staff，team，union，crew等。如：The Green family is very big. 格林家是个大家庭The family are dancing in the house. 家人正在房子里跳舞。Our class is a big
28、 one.我们班是个大班级。Our class are fond of music 我们班的人喜欢音乐。注意 若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时，与其对应的人称代词也应该使用they，them或their。如：The audience were waving their hands观众都挥舞着他们的手。但是有些集合名词如：cattle，people，police ，poultry（家禽），vermin（害虫）folk等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。如：The people hope to live a happy lifeThe police are looking for the th
29、ief.Cattle like grass. Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of 臭虫和老鼠那样的害虫难以灭绝。 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： All necessary machinery has been brought to the construction site 所有必要的机器都已运到工地。 My luggage was
30、 sent by air我的行李是航空邮寄的。 The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain我们工厂的设备都是从英国进口的。The furniture in my room is old now现在我屋里的家具旧了。3单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如： The crossroads isare dangero
31、us这个(些)十字路口很危险。 Every means has been tried各种方法都试过了。 All possible means have been tried所有可能的方法都试过了。 A steel works has just been built there那儿刚建了一座钢厂。Lots of aircraft were sent there很多飞机被派往那儿。4以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名(如billiards台球)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： Roots was a novel about a slave family根是一本有关奴隶家庭的
32、小说。 Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories一千零一夜充满了有趣的故事 5以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。但是，当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。如： economics经济学 electronics电子学 physics物理学 politics政治学 mathematics数学 statistics统计学 His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend 他的政治观点是他的朋友关心的问题。 Politics is his favorit
33、e subject政治学是他最喜欢的学科。 Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce统计数字表明，大约百分之四十的美国人的婚姻以离婚而告终。Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn统计学是一门很难学的课程。6. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distan
34、ce. 十英里是一个相当的距离。Three years is a long time.Fifty yuan is paid to Mr. Green.Five meters high is not dangerous. Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt25美元买那件衬衣太贵了。Fifty minutes isnt enough to finish this test50分钟完成这个测试是不够的。7.在四则运算中，谓语动词多用单数，也有用复数的。减法和除法常用单数。 Two and ten isare twelve2加10
35、等于12。 Two times eight isare sixteen2乘以8等于16。 18 minus 12 is 618减12等于6。 Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine261除以9等于29。8当某些形容词和过去分词同定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： The poor live a hard life穷人的日子不好过。 The sick and wounded were sent home病
36、人和伤员被送回家。 the poor穷人 the living活着的人 the rich富人 the dead死人 the wounded伤员 the young年轻人 The beautiful lives forever美是永存的。 The old gives place to the new新陈代谢。 但是，也有例外的情况。有些形容词加上定冠词也可指一个人。如在句中指一个人时，谓语动词用单数。如： The accused asked the judge for mercy被告请求法官宽恕。9以-sh，-ch和-ese等结尾的表示“国家的，民族的”这类形容词与定冠词the连用，表示整个民族
37、，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类词有：the Chinese，the English，the British，the French，the Japanese，the Dutch，the Polish，the Swedish等单。但是指特定的一个国家的人时用单数。如： The Chinese are hard-working中国人是勤劳的。 The English are said to be conservative据说英国人是保守的。 The Chinese are kind and friendly中国人民友好善良。 比较 That Chinese is a singer那个中国人是个歌唱
38、家。Chinese is a beautiful language汉语是一种优美的语言。 3,就近原则, 谓语动词要与靠近它的主语保持一致。1or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如： Either the teacher or the students are to blame或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。 Not only the students but also their teacher doesn
39、t know about it 不仅学生们不知道这件事，他们的老师也不知道。 He or I am to do it这事或者他去做或者我去做。 Neither you nor Inor anybody else knows how to do it 无论是你，我还是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。 主语由肯定否定两部分构成时，谓语与肯定的一致。如： Not you but I am to answer for itI，not you，am to answer for it 对此负责的是我而不是你。2.there be结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。如： There is a
40、 book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk 桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。 There are four chairs and a table in the room房间里摆有4把椅子和一张桌子。另附：考点一 名词性从旬作主语时的主谓一致 1 what从句作主语时的主谓一致 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果其后是系表结构，表语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： What she said is correct她说的是正确的。 What he gave me are five English boo
41、ks他给我的是5本英语书。 What he needs is money他需要的是钱。 2that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致 由that等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如： That he is a spy is true千真万确，他是一个间谍。 Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided 他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。 Who is responsible for the accident is not clear 还不太清楚谁对这场事故负责。 考点二 动名词或不定式短语作主语时的
42、主谓一致 单个动名词短语或不定式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如： Playing with fire is dangerous玩火危险。 Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us 你放弃这个机会使我们大家都非常吃惊。 若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如： Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit早起早睡是个好习惯。 When and where the building will b
43、e built hasnt been decided 何时何地建大楼还未定下来。 Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life 犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program你所吃的与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素。考点三 强调句在“It+be+被强调部分+thatwho.”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，thatwho后的
44、谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。如： It is I who am a student我是学生。It is they who have worked there for five years是他们在那儿工作了5年。考点四 点语从句定语从句中，关系代词who，which，that等作主语时，其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。如： Those who have seen the film please put up your hands看过这部电影的人请举手。 The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman 在会上讲话的人是我们的主席。
45、 主谓一致练习1. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south, the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is B. are/areC. is/are D. are2. Half of the workers here _ under 30 _. A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age3. Now Tom with his classmates _ football
46、 on the playground. A. play B. are playingC. plays D. is playing4. The number of pages in this dictionary _ about two thousand. A. are B. hasC. have D. is5. Thirty dollars _ too expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be6. The audience _ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is
47、B. are C. was D. has7. The secretary and principal _ at the meeting now. A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech8. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/on
48、es D. wants to have the book bought/her9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left10. Having arrived at the station, _. A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had left C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left11. Bet
49、ween the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower. A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand12. Either of you _ going there tonight. A. will B. was C. is D. are13. You as well _ right. A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were
50、 D. was15. -Shall I wait here for three hours?-Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _ at the meeting. A. have not discussed
51、 B. have not been discussed C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are18. Every student and every teacher _. A. are going to attend t
52、he meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting19. Three fourths of the bread _ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _ left on the table. A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was20. This pair of shoes _. A. is her B. is hersC
53、. are hers D. are her 21.There _ no life on the moon.A.is said to have B. are said to have C.is said to be D.are said to be 22.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill A.sheep; grass; leaves B.sheeps grasses leaves C.sheep;grass leaf D.sheeps grass leafs 23.My family raise a lot of _,
54、 including two_.A.cattles cows B.cows cattle C.cattle cows D.cow, cattles 24.What he says and what he does_.A.does not agree B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree 25.The boy and the girl each _ toys.A. have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own 26.She is the only one amon
55、g the _ writers who _stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes D.woman write 27.The railway station is _from our school.A.two hours drive B.two hours drive C.two hour drive D.two hours drive 28.Mike and Johns _.A.father is a teacher B.fathers are teachers C.father are teacher
56、s D.fathers are teacher 29.A great deal of talking and listening that _ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred B.are occurred C.occurs D.occur 30._ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or B.The offices and C.Both the office and D.The office and 31.Three-four
57、ths of the homework _today.A. has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished 32.More than 60 percent of the worlds radio programmes _in England.A.is B.was C.are D.be 33. _work has been done to improve the peoples living standardA.A great deal of B.A great many C.A large number
58、 of D.Many 34.The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour.A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out 35.There _ a lot of sugar in the jar.A. has B.have C.is D.are 36. “All _present and all _going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is are 37.Yesterday the Le
59、ague secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A.is B.was C.are D.were. 38.Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studied C.studies D.study 39.The rich_ not always happy.A.are B.is C.will D.may 40. _can be done _done.A. All, have been B.All that ,ha
60、ve been C.All has D.All that ,has been 41.Either of the plans _equally dangerous.A.are B.is C.has D.have 42.The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching B.were searching for C.are searching D.was searching for 43.Your trousers _dirty, you must have_ washe
61、d.A.is it B.are it C.are them D.is them 44.The Olympic games _held every four _.A.is years B.are years C.is year D.are year 45.He is the oly one of the students who_elected.A.are B.have C.has D.is 46. _a good enough price for this book A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are C.Two yuans is D.Two yuan is 47.N
62、o bird and no beast _in the lonely islandA.are seen B.is seen C.see D.sees 48.Every means _prevent the water from_A.are used to polluting B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted D.is used to ,being polluted 49.Each of the _in the ship.A. passenger has his own roomB. passengers have their own room C. passenger have their own room D. passengers has his own room 50.What we need _good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has 主谓一致练习答案：1-5 BDDDB 6-10 ABACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 DBCDB21-25 CACBA 26-30CBACA 31-35 CCADC 36-40CBCAD 41-45 BBCBD 46-50 DBDDB
