1、选修|Unit 19Language(一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1explicit adj.明确的；清楚的2transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的3ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的4certificate n. 证书；证明5competence n. 能力6diploma n. 毕业证书7amateur adj. 业余的第二组：写其形1nationwide adv. 全国性地2attain vt. 达到；获得3ensure vt. 确保，保证4accelerate vi.&vt. 加速5enlarge vt. 扩大6guarantee vt. 保证7info
2、rm vt. 告知；通知8resemble vt. 像；与相似9merely adv. 只；仅仅10purchase vt. 购买11fasten vt. 束紧12register vt. 登记13adequate adj. 足够的，充分的14punctual adj. 准时的；守时的15theory n. 理论；学说16regulation n. 规则17adjust vt. 调节；调整(二)表达词汇晓其变、通其用1fluency n流利度，流畅度fluent adj.流利的，流畅的fluently adv.流利地2accuracy n精确度，准确度accurate adj.精确的，准确的a
3、ccurately adv.精确地3absence n不存在；缺乏；缺席absent adj.缺席的，不在场的4acquisition n(语言)习得acquire v获取，得到5surround vt.环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境6adjust vt.调节；调整adjustment n调节；调整7congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n祝贺8negotiate vt.谈判；协商negotiation n谈判；协商9offence n冒犯；得罪offend v冒犯10approval n赞成；赞许；批准approv
4、e vt.赞成11applicant n申请人apply vi.申请application n申请书12embarrass vt.使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的embarrassed adj.窘迫的embarrassment n窘迫，难堪(三)常用短语多积累、准运用1keep_in_mind 记住2be_aware_of 意识到，觉察到，明白3rely_on 依靠；依赖4adjust_.to_. 调整以适应5on_purpose 故意地6regardless_of 不管；不顾7on_the_other_hand 另一方面8get_ahead 取得成功；获得进步9
5、take_the_form_of 以的形式出现(存在)10inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事11consist_of 由组成/构成12catch_on 学会；受欢迎13congratulate_sb._on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺14I_bet 我肯定15more_than 不仅仅；超过16stand_out 出色；突出(四)经典句式明特点、会仿用1It is/was predicted that .“据预测”悟原句It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global
6、language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.背佳句(2018天津高考满分作文)It is said that you have had a good performance in the Robotics Competition, it will be of great importance to us due to your rich experience in guiding the robotics skill contest.2.whether . or .引导让步状语从句悟原句Quality
7、input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.背佳句(2019江苏高考满分作文)There are different opinions on whether to wear the traditional Chinese dress or the school uniform during the welcome ceremony.3.provided that引导条件状语从句悟原句Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in
8、advance.背佳句(2018天津高考满分作文)We are also very pleased provided (that) you can give your valuable advice when you receive the training program in your email.1.由“surroundings”想到的savings 积蓄earnings 工资belongings 所有物greetings 问候的话sufferings 痛苦，苦恼2.“故意地”相关词汇知多少purposely adv.deliberately adv.intentionally adv.
9、by design on purpose3.前缀“en”动词知多少enlarge扩大ensure 确保，担保enrich 使充实enable 使能够endanger 使遭遇危险4.与“购物”相关的名词一览purchase购买customer 顾客consumer 消费者discount 折扣bargain 便宜货.用所给词的适当形式填空1Surrounded (surround) by a lake, the building looks very beautiful under the lights at night.2I asked the photographer to enlarge
10、(large) the picture and then hung it on the wall.3As a monitor, I would keep you informed (inform) of what happened in the classroom every day.4When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living (live) on his own.5He is always absent from class, and his absence makes his teacher angr
11、y.(absence)6His embarrassing questions made me embarrassed greatly.I felt my face burning with embarrassment.(embarrass)7Tell your doctor the accuracy of the symptom so that he can give you the accurate treatment. If you are not treated accurately,_youll be in danger.(accurate)8Thanks to your approv
12、al,_and if you didnt approve of my plan, I would be fired by the employer.(approve)9The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate).介、副词填空1He stopped to try to adjust his vision to the faint starlight.2I
13、f you keep working like this, theres no doubt that youll get ahead of others.3Anyone, regardless of age or level of fitness, can practice and benefit from Tai Chi.4We will never become who we want to be if we rely on everyone else to qualify us.5I think this novel will catch on well after it comes o
14、ut.6They thought someone was poisoning the people on purpose but no one knew how it was possible.7Keep in_mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.8She is the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.9It consists of several domeshaped labor
15、atories, similar to the ones imagined for the first Mars settlers.10The car is less than a year old, and therefore still under guarantee.选词填空1congratulate/celebrateMy uncle sent me a card to congratulate me on my eighteenth birthday yesterday.He returned home each year to celebrate the Spring Festiv
16、al with his family.2embarrassing/embarrassedI was totally embarrassed,_for I mistook a stranger for my new neighbor.It was an embarrassing situation, but she managed to laugh it off.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.保证2He wasnt badly hurt thats something to be tha
17、nkful for.高兴的3He gave me very explicit directions on how to get there.清楚的She was quite explicit about why she had left.明确的4You really have to explain this about your absence. 缺席In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myers go.缺乏5She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval. 赞成；同意
18、The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval.批准6We must think twice before we decide to make a purchase on the Internet.购买.完成句子1Provided_that_you_learn_these_resources_by_heart,_you will benefit a lot from them. (provided that)只要你用心学习这些资源，你将会从中受益很多。2Whether_you_like_it_or_not,_y
19、ou have to take good care of the homeless dog.(whether .or .)不管你喜欢与否，你必须照顾好这只流浪狗。3It_is_predicted_that by the end of the 21st century, half of these plant and animal species will be gone.(It is predicted that .)预计到21世纪末，这些动植物物种中的一半将会消失。4On_the_one_hand,_we should develop our economy; on_the_other_ha
20、nd,_we should protect the environment. (on the other hand)一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。5It made his boss angry that he_was_absent_from_the_meeting so many times.(absent)他多次缺席会议使他的老板很生气。1absence n不在，缺席；缺乏，没有(1)absence from缺席；离开absence of mind 心不在焉in ones absence in the absence of sb. 在某人不在的时候(2)absent ad
21、j. 缺席的；茫然的absentminded adj. 心不在焉的be absent from 缺席；不存在；缺少演绎法练通单句语法填空The little girl often takes the responsibility to look after her young brother in the absence of her parents.It is because of a long absence (absent) from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.Hopefully，the robot like h
22、uman beings will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.句型转换Her absence from the meeting caused lots of doubts.That she was_absent_from the meeting caused lots of doubts.He acted as chairman in my absence.He acted as chairman in_the_absence_of_me.完成句子The mistake was mad
23、e due to his_absence_of_mind.他因心不在焉才犯了这个错误。I got_somewhat_absentminded and missed the last part of his speech.我有点儿心不在焉，没有听到他最后那段讲话。2surround vt.环绕，围绕；包围(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.用某人/某物包围某人/某物be surrounded by/with sb./sth. 被某人/某物包围(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境演绎法练通单句语法填空T
24、he experiment is carried out to prove the earth is surrounded by/with a layer of air called the atmosphere.When I headed toward the centre, I found myself surrounded (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.Only if we take good care of the surrounding trees and rivers can we li
25、ve in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.(surround)I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.3guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书；抵押品(1) 保证某人得到某物guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事(2)under guarantee 在保修期内give sb.a guarantee (
26、that .) 向某人保证()演绎法练通单句语法填空I guarantee to_finish (finish) off my paper on time, no matter what happens.This kind of behaviour is guaranteed to_make (make) him angry.The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.完成句子Temporary extension of two years will guar
27、antee_scientists_enough_time/guarantee_enough_time_to_scientists.临时延长两年将保证科学家有足够的时间。Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？名师指津如果表示“保证某人做某事”，不能用guarantee sb.to do .，只能用guarantee to do .或guarantee that .。如句。4adjust vt.调节；调整；整理vi.适应(1)adjust to 适应于adjust sth.
28、 to sth. 调整以适应adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于(做)某事adjust oneself to . 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n. 调整，调节；适应make an adjustment/adjustments to . 对作出调整(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的，可调整的针对训练单句语法填空If you adjust to someone, the person will begin to feel that you are with him on the same wave.With the continuous changes of
29、 job market, I made adjustments (adjust) to my job expectations time and again.You should adjust your language to the age of your audience.A chair with adjustable (adjust) height is beneficial to your health.完成句子In the new term, most students adjusted_themselves_to_their_new_environment very quickly
30、.在新学期，大多数学生很快使自己适应了他们的新环境。I heard that the company would make_an_adjustment_to your salary.我听说公司将对你的薪金作出调整。名师指津在adjust to中，to为介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。5inform vt.告知，通知(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事inform sb.that . 告知某人(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的keep sb.informed of sth. 使某人知道某事(3)information nU 信息演绎法练通 单
31、句语法填空The Internet keeps us informed (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.The main thing is to inform the public about/of it so that people learn what is needed to be done.In fact, the aim of reading is to express the information (inform) you have got from the text.完成句子A month ago, our
32、teacher informed_us_that we would take the test on April 12th.一个月前，老师通知我们将会在4月12日考试。We try and keep_ourselves_informed_of current trends.我们设法随时了解形势的发展。6congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜(1)congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.就(做)向某人祝贺 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. 感到自豪；暗自庆幸； 为自己高兴(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜
33、offer/send ones congratulations to sb.(on sth.) (为某事)向某人表示祝贺演绎法练通单句语法填空The manager congratulated the employees on their great achievements.I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.完成句子/一句多译I heartily congratulate_myself_on having such profound parents.我由衷地为自己有这么知识渊
34、博的父母而感到高兴。我们祝贺你通过了高考。We congratulate_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulate)We offer_our_congratulations_to_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulation)易混辨析congratulate“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon sth.celebra
35、te举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语7resemble vt.像；与相似单句语法填空/句型转换She resembles her mother in character but not in appearance.The resemblance (resemble) between the two signatures was remarkable.Looking at the photos that you have posted me, I am amazed that how closely you are similar to a famous star
36、in appearance.Looking at the photos that you have posted me, I am amazed that how closely you resemble_a_famous_star_in_appearance.(1)resemble sb./sth. in . 在方面与某人/物相似 (2)resemblance n. 相似归纳法记牢名师指津resemble不能用于进行时，也没有被动语态。8embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难(1)It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth.做某事使某人窘迫(2)
37、embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的be embarrassed at/about 对感到为难/尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，难堪to ones embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是演绎法练通单句语法填空One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment (embarrass)The more embarrassing (embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes
38、.He was embarrassed at/about being the centre of attention.He told a rather rude joke, and everyone present looked embarrassed (embarrass)完成句子It_embarrassed_me_to_meet the young man again, for I had misunderstood him.再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我误会过他。Much_to_her_embarrassment,_she realized that everyone was s
39、taring at her.令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。1catch on学会；受欢迎，流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中catch on的含义He is very quick to catch on to things. 理解If only this idea could catch on, we should be able to make quite a lot of money out of it. 被接受The new dance quickly caught on among the young.受欢迎，流行起来理明白catch的相
40、关短语归纳catch hold of 抓住catch up with 赶上；缠上catch sight of 看见catch ones attention 吸引某人的注意catch sb.doing sth. 撞见某人做某事针对训练 单句语法填空I was trying to decide what to do when I caught sight of the advertisement on a board.Only in this way can we catch up with them in computer technology in the near future.But Im
41、 not sure if they are written well enough to catch their (they) attention.Catch hold of this rope, and well pull you up.I caught my classmate reading (read) my private letters.She doesnt seem to catch on when people try to tell her what other people might be doing to her.2on purpose故意地；有意地完成句子I know
42、 you didnt break the vase on_purpose. Dont cry!我知道你不是故意打碎花瓶的。别哭了！A new scholarship was created by the Graduate Business Council with_the_purpose_of helping students.研究生商业委员会设立了一个旨在帮助学生的新奖学金。I remind myself over and over that Im working only for_the_purpose_of one of my dreams.我一遍又一遍地提醒自己，我工作只是为了实现我其
43、中一个梦想。for the purpose of为了，出于目的with the purpose of 带着的目的归纳法记牢名师指津on purpose意为“故意地；有意地”，介词用on；其反义词“偶然地，意外地”的表达有：by accident, by chance, accidentally等。3on the other hand另一方面完成句子On_the_one_hand,_computers improve the working efficiency; on_the_other_hand,_they also bring about some new problems.一方面，计算机
44、提高了(人们的)工作效率；另一方面，也引起了一些新的问题。First(ly),_the higher the rating is, the better the quality of goods and services are. Second(ly),_according to the rating, I can quickly make the choice.首先，评级越高，商品和服务的质量就越好。第二，根据评级，我可以很快做出选择。For_one_thing,_I can help take care of the children. For_another,_I can improve
45、 my English, make more friends, and enrich my life during the summer vacation.一则，我能帮助照看孩子；二则，我能提高我的英语、交更多的朋友并丰富我在暑假期间的生活。(1)on the one hand . on the other (hand) .一方面；另一方面(却)(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)(2)for one thing . for another . 一则；二则 (引出并列的理由)(3)first(ly) .second(ly) . 第一；第二归纳法记牢 4whether . or .Qualit
46、y input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。用法规则(1)whether .or .引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是还是，不论还是”。(2)whether or not意为“无论，是否”。 (3)whether to do sth.(or not)意为“是否做某事”，为“引导词to do”形式，常用来作动词宾语。注意事项 (1)whether .or .既可以引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。(2)whether to do sth.or not作宾语时，or
47、 not可以省略。 针对训练完成句子_Whether he drives_or_flies, hell be on time.不管他开车来还是坐飞机来，他都将准时到达。Every student should consider their own situation to choose whether_to_do_a_parttime_job_(or_not)每个学生都应该考虑他们的自身情况来选择是否要做兼职工作。Whether_we_will_go_there_or_not tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否去那里取决于天气。5provided t
48、hat 引导条件状语从句Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.第三，你们说我只要预付就有折扣。此句中provided that作连词用，引导条件状语从句，that可以省略，相当于providing that。类似的连词有：suppose/supposing (that), given (that), assume/assuming (that)假如，如果on condition that 如果，在条件下as/so long as 只要针对训练单句语法填空We will be there
49、before 10 oclock, provided/providing (provide) we dont waste time.Given (give) I have a knowledge of computer, I wont trouble you with such small things.They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空 1(2020 天津高考)The library is now a multi
50、media zone, loaded with information (inform) in many formats (载体形式)2(2020浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was_surrounded (surround) by a high wire fence.3(2019天津3月高考)Even though we live in a hightech age, its still impossible to predict the weather accurately (accurate). 4(2
51、018天津高考)It took him a long time to_acquire (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.(二)高考中的阅读理解词类活用(2020全国卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.n.记录(2010福建高考)Two thirds of customers say that environmental consider
52、ations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago. n购买的东西生词僻义(2013天津高考)There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. 业余的(三)高考中的完形填空1(2020全国卷)But our insisting its _45_a window has kept them from attempting
53、 millions of requests to open the door.AmerelyBslightlyChardly Dpartly解析：选A作者他们坚持说那只是一扇窗户，阻止了孩子们无数次试图开门的请求。merely“仅仅，只是”。故选A。2(2018全国卷)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hardearned. In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan
54、to _51_ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.AaddBexposeCapply Dcompare解析：选C联系空后的“to our future professions”可知，我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中。apply . to .“将应用到”，符合语境。add . to .“把添加到”；expose . to .“使暴露在”；compare . to .“把比作”。(四)高考中的写作1(2019浙江高考书面表达
55、)Provided_that_praise_is_sincere_and_focused_on_the_effort_not_the_outcome,_you_can_give_it_as_often_as_possible_when_your_child_does_something_that_deserves_a_verbal_reward. (provided that引导条件状语从句)如果表扬是真诚的，并且关注的是努力而不是结果，那么当你的孩子做了一些应该得到口头奖励的事情时，你可以尽可能多地表扬他。2(2018浙江高考书面表达)Ive_learned_English_for_10_y
56、ears,_and_I_can_speak_English_with_fluency,_so_I_can_ensure_that_I_have_no_trouble_introducing_China_to_students. (fluency, ensure)我学习英语已经10年了，能说一口流利的英语，因此我能保证在向学生介绍中国的时候没有困难。3(2016江苏高考书面表达)Internet_voting_is_quite_catching_on_nowadays. (catch on)网上投票现在很流行。二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇pronunciationvocabulary amate
57、ur expression idiom accumulate dialect spelling reciteretell accuracy review practise drill translate alphabet accenttone stress usage achieve linguist pay off be familiar withhave a talent for broaden ones horizons increase knowledge have a good command of . consult a dictionary be eager to 练中巩固.单句
58、语法填空1If you have finished your translation (translate), please hand back my dictionary.2She was practising surfing (surf) when a shark struck her, hurting her left arm.3I admired the speed and accuracy (accurate) with which she typed.4This homework gives students practice in written expression (expr
59、ess)5You can improve your pronunciation (pronounce) in more than one way, such as listening to recordings.6The composition is not well written, and moreover, there are many spelling (spell) mistakes in it.完成句子1The girl has_a_talent_for_language.这个女孩有语言天赋。2Exposure to the English language which is us
60、ed in our daily life can make_us_familiar_with_it.在我们日常生活中，经常使用英语可以让我们更熟悉这门语言。3My hard work pays_off,_and I am quite proud of what_I_have_achieved in English.我的努力没有白费，我为自己在英语方面所取得的成就感到非常骄傲。4By learning English we can broaden_our_mental_horizons and increase_our_knowledge in various fields.通过学英语我们能够开阔我们的精神视野，增加我们在各领域的知识。
