1、高三一轮语法回顾与训练-情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词1.情态动词不能独立作谓语，需与其后动词原形一起构成谓语部分；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词 + do / be表现在或将来的动作或状态，情态动词 + have (been) done表过去动作或状态，情态动词 + be doing表推测现在或将来正在进行的动作。 2.考点归纳一、can, could 与be able to的用法1. can / could用来表示“一般能力”，如凭借体力、脑力或技能去做某事；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”，尤其指通过努力才能做成某事。My grandma is
2、over seventy, but she can still read without glasses. He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. 2. can / could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How can you treat me like that? 3. can / could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。与man/might意义相近。Can / May I have a word with you? It wont take long. 二、may与might1. 表示允许，意为“可以，许
3、可”，用法基本上同can与could。May / Can I use your bicycle? 2. 表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow. 3. may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。用may+动词原形，may须置于句首I wish youMay you succeed!三、mustmust表示义务、命令或必要，意为“必须”，它的否定形式mustnt表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。“must + 动词原形”表示对现在情况的推测；“must be + 现在分词”表示对现在正在
4、进行中的事的推测；“must have + 过去分词”表示对过去的推测。注意：must表推测时只能用于肯定句中。Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own. 因为没有人给他任何帮助，他肯定靠自己做的那项研究。四、shall1. 用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。Shall we begin our new lesson today? 2. 用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。You shall be punish
5、ed for what you have done. 五、shouldshould表示劝告/建议/责任时，意为“应当”，常用于suggest/advise等引导的宾语从句当中；表惊讶/遗憾, 意为“竟然/居然”，常用在Im surprised; It worried me; Its a pity; You cant imagine等结构中；should(nt) have done表示对过去的虚拟，意为“本该（不该）做某事而实际没做（做了）”。I find it quite astonishing that you should be so rude to your mother. Our En
6、glish teacher suggests that we should speak English every day. Im feeling sick and I shouldnt have eaten so much chocolate. 我现在觉得不舒服，我不该吃那么多巧克力的。六、wouldwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，常与every day, often, frequently等连用；would表示估计、猜想，或在虚拟结构中用于对过去或将来的假设或愿望。I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would
7、 often take me to Disneyland. This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. 七、情态动词 + have done其用法归纳如下 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。“cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能
8、做过吗？”。 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含
9、意。 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。八、常见的一些情态动词的固定结构1. canttoo / over = cantadj. /adv. enough 再也不过分2. cant help/choose but do 不得不做3. cant help doing 情不自禁做（但cant help to do意为“帮不上忙”）4. cant / c
10、ouldnt agree more 十分赞成5. It cant / couldnt be better 十分好，非常好6. It cant be denied that 不可否认的是7. cant wait to do 迫不及待做某事8. wont / cant have. doing 不能容忍做某事9. may / might as well do 最好，倒不如10. may / might well do 很可能二、虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况，说话人所讲的内容往往与事实相反，或者其实现的可能性几乎没有。另外，有时为了突出说话人的语气色彩，也使用虚拟语气。虚拟语气
11、通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。2.考点归纳一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1、关于 if 的主句及从句的虚拟结构 与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were谓语动词的过去式”。例与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如： 表示将来不太可能实现的条件，其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式were to+动词原形should+动词原形”。例如： 注：在if从句中，如果含有“were，should，had时，可省去if而将“were，should，had置于句首，构成倒装句。例如：2. 错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时
12、间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be better now.3. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。But for your timely help, we could not have finished the task in time. 要不是你的及时帮助，我们不可能及时完成这项任务。4. if 条件句的省略如果
13、if条件从句中有were，had或should时，可省略连词if，同时将were, had或should提至主语前，即虚拟、倒装和省略混考点。Should you change your mind about selling the car, I would be happy to buy it from you. （=If you should change） 5. if only引导的条件状语从句中，常用虚拟语气。if only“如果就好了”（比较：only if “只有”，不用虚拟），用一般过去时或were表与现在事实相反；用would + do表与将来事实相反；用had done表与过
14、去事实相反。Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice. 二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1. 在would rather后接的宾语从句中使用 在would rather引导的宾语从句中，用一般过去时或were 表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用had done表示对过去的虚拟。 I would rather you had passed the exam. If so, you wouldnt be sad now. 2. 在表命令、建议、要求或请求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中使用虚拟结构，即 (should
15、) do，常见动词有： 一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command三个建议：advise, suggest, recommend四个要求：demand, require, request, desireEye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam (should) be at the age of six months old.注意：如果suggest不表“建议”，而表“暗示、表明”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气，即从句动词该用什么时态就用什么时态。如果insist不表“坚持要某人做某事”，而表“坚持认为、坚持说
16、”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，即从句动词该用什么时态就用什么时态。Janes pale face suggested（暗示）that she was ill, and her parents suggested（建议）that she (should) have a medical examination. The old man insisted（坚持认为）that I stole / had stolen his valuable watch and insisted（坚持要求）that I (should) go to the police station with him.
17、3. 在动词wish后面的宾语从句中在wish后的宾语从句中，使用虚拟语气表示愿望。表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用“过去式”；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden! 三、虚拟语气在表语从句或同位语从句中的运用当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句常用虚拟结构(should) do，这类名词常见的有：ad
18、vice，suggestion, proposal, order, demand, desire, request, requirement, recommendation, wish, necessity等。 The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.Our suggestion is that we should put on a play at the English evening. 四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用1. It is / was + adj. / n
19、. + that + sb. (should) do sth.在某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词、名词后的主语从句中，常用虚拟结构(should) do。这类形容词和名词有：advisable, compulsory, desirable, essential, important, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent, vital, a pity等。It is necessary that we should master at least one foreign language.2. 虚拟语气用在“It is + 过去分词 + that”的
20、主语从句中。 在“It is + 过去分词 + that”引起的主语从句中，表愿望、建议、请求等主观意向时，常用虚拟结构(should) do，这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, desired, insisted, ordered, proposed, suggested, recommended, requested, required等。It is suggested that we should get everything ready this evening. 五、It is（about / high）time(that)的虚拟语气用法It is (about /
21、 high) time that意思是表“该做的时候了”，谓语动词常用should do或一般过去时表示虚拟语气，但should不能省。It is time that the government took / should take measures to protect the rare birds and animals.强化训练一、语法填空：在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1. Why _ you tell me about your trouble last week？If you _ (tell) me, I could have helped. 2. W
22、e _ have faced the _ (difficult) together, but why didnt you tell me?3. I wish that you_ (have) such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. 4. When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people _ (switch) off all power for several minutes, _ suggested that
23、 people _ (show) respect for this great man.5. We would rather our daughter _ (stay) at home with us, but its her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 6. If only I_ (forget) to send Maggie an e-mail telling her my arrival time yesterday. If so, she could meet us at the airport. 7. If he _ (spe
24、nd)more time practising speaking English before, he _ (be) able to speak it much better now. 8. Forgive me for being so rude, Jim. I _ have shouted at you. 9. _ he caught the morning train, he wouldnt have been late for the meeting. 10. We _ (lose)our way in that small village, otherwise we would _
25、(visit) more places of interest yesterday. 11. With the presidents of two countries _ (force) to resign, more leaders have realized its high time they _ (attach) importance _ economy and political freedom. 12. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ (have) time, I would _ (certain) go for an outing with yo
26、u. 13. I quarreled with my grandfather again _ drinking. Because his doctor recommended that he_ (reduce) the amount of alcohol every day.14. It cant _ (deny) that protecting the environment is of great _ (important). 15. The boss couldnt have him _ (get) away with stealing in his supermarket, and h
27、e insisted the thief_ (arrest)and put into prison. 二、单句改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。1. Life today will be very different if Thomas Edison hadnt invented the electric light. 2. Id rather you didnt told me about it the other day. 3. If you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 4. But f
28、or the rain, we should have a pleasant journey. 5. If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture. 6. It was advised that we observed carefully while conducted experiments in the lab.7. Have he not broken the rules , he wouldnt have fallen behind, it annoyed his mother.8
29、. She mustnt have left school, for her bike is still here. 9. I neednt worried after I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 10. The commander ordered that the wounded would be sent in hospital right away. 三、翻译1. 该是我们采取行动减少污染的时候了。2. 要是我能像你一样知道如何操作这台电脑就好了。3. 要不是这个过路人
30、的帮助，这个女孩可能已经淹死了。4. 因为在下倾盆大雨，你最好待在家里。5. 你本来可以做得更好的，但是当时你太粗心了。6. 如果我们当时早一点订位子的话，我们现在就不会还在排队了。7. 如果昨天你来了的话，你就可以看见他了。8. 我真希望没有告诉妈妈我的考试成绩。9. 她妈妈建议她去看医生。10. 我迫不及待地回到家去读那本妈妈送给我的书。参考答案：一、填空1. didnt; had told 2. could; difficulty 3. hadnt had 4. (should) switch; which; showed 5. stayed 6. hadnt forgotten 7.
31、had spent; would be 8. shouldnt 9. had 10. lost; have visited 11. forced; attached / should attach; to 12. had; certainly 13. about/over; should reduce 14. be denied; importance 15. getting; should be arrested二、改错1. will - would 2. didnt - hadnt3. listened前加had4. have后加had5. have - had6. observed -
32、observe; conducted - conducting7. have - had; it-which或it前加and8. mustnt - cant 9. worried前加have；after-before10. would - should; in - to三、翻译1. Its high time that we should take measures to reduce pollution.2. If only I knew how to operate the computer as you do.3. But for the passer-bys help, the gir
33、l could have been drowned. 4. Now that its raining cats and dogs, you may/might as well stay at home. 5. You could have done better, but you were too careless.6. If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing in a queue now.7. If you had come yesterday, you could have met him.8. I wish I had not told my mother the result of the exam. 9. Her mother suggested that she should go and see the doctor.10. I cant wait to go home to read the book that my mother bought for me.
