1、Section Grammar一、名词用作动词在英语中，同一个词可以转变其词性，而词义没有多大的改变。这种构词法叫做词的转化。本单元介绍的是名词转化为动词的情况。1表示器官的名词用作动词head n. 头v. 朝去hand n. 手v. 交出；传递face n. 脸v. 面对 back n. 背v. 倒车；支持shoulder n. 肩膀v. 肩负；承担 nose n. 鼻子v. 闻出；觉察eye n. 眼睛v. 注视When the famous star came in, all people eyed her.当那位著名明星进来时，所有的人都注视着她。Many of his friend
2、s backed his plan.他的很多朋友支持他的计划。Id like to live in a room whose window faces south.我想居住在窗子朝南的屋子里。2表示职业、身份和称呼的名词用作动词nurse n. 护士v. 护理 doctor n. 医生v. 诊治host n. 主人v. 主办 guard n. 卫兵v. 守护brother n. 兄弟v. 像兄弟般对待 mother n. 母亲v. 悉心照顾She nursed her husband back to health.她照料丈夫恢复了健康。The dog was guarding its owne
3、rs luggage.狗守护着主人的行李。Although I am no longer a child, Mother still mothers me.尽管我已经不是小孩子，但母亲对我依然悉心照料。3表示工具的名词用作动词paper n. 纸v. 用纸包装 pen n. 钢笔v. (用钢笔)写book n. 书籍v. 预订 house n. 房屋v. 提供住处ship n. 船v. 用船运输 knife n. 刀v. 用刀切She penned a few words of thanks.她写了几句致谢的话。The company ships its goods all over the
4、world.公司把货物运往世界各地。The government has built new houses to house the homeless people.政府建了新房子给无家可归的人提供住处。4表示装置的名词用作动词can n. 罐v. 装进罐子 box n. 箱子；盒子v. 把装入箱/盒内bottle n. 瓶子v. 用瓶装These oranges were boxed and sent off quickly.这些橘子被装箱，然后迅速地发走。5物质名词用作动词air n. 空气v. 通风 cash n. 现金v. 兑现rain n. 雨v. 下雨 water n. 水v. 浇
5、水flower n. 花v. 开花 oil n. 油v. 加油root n. 根v. 扎根 dust n. 灰尘v. 拂去灰尘picture n. 图画v. 描绘；想象These trees need to be watered.这些树需要浇水。It was raining heavily when we arrived there.当我们到达那里时正在下大雨。6.抽象名词用作动词anger n. 愤怒v. 使发怒number n. 数字v. 给编号lunch n. 午饭v. 吃午饭 hunger n. 渴求；渴望v. 渴望time n. 时间v. 计时；安排时间Their words ang
6、ered me greatly.他们的话使我非常愤怒。名师点津有些名词转化为动词时元音字母或词尾会发生变化。如：song(歌)sing(唱歌)；food(食物)feed(喂养)；bath(洗澡)bathe(洗澡)等。考情分析高考要求学生应该掌握各类词性的正确使用及转化，能够运用构词法知识猜测语境中生词的语义。词性转化为每年语篇填空必考内容。除直接考查外，每年的高考试卷中都会对构词法知识间接考查(文中出现)，有些会造成一定的阅读难度。批语有些名词转化为动词时形式不变，但读音会发生变化。1“名清动浊”：作名词时发清辅音/s/；作动词时发浊辅音/z/。excusekskjusn.理由kskjuzv.
7、原谅househasn.房子hazv.给提供住处2“名前动后”：作名词时重音在前；作动词时重音在后。recordrekdn.纪录；记载rkdv.记录；录音高考佳句A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope.一位女士请我原谅她的打扰并递给我一个信封。即时训练1.完成句子1要想买到票，你必须提前预订。To get tickets, you have to book in advance.2政府已经修建了新房子让无家可归的人们居住。The government has built new houses to house_the
8、_homeless_people.3这片土地受这些河流灌溉。The land is_watered by these rivers.用括号里所给词的适当形式填空1More and more people were gathering there. He shouldered (shoulder) his way through the crowd and rushed into the burning house.2She spends her spare time nursing (nurse) her mother.二、will和be going to表示将来1“will动词原形”表示将来
9、(1)表示纯粹的将来The agreement will come into force next spring.协议将在明年春天生效。(2)表示说话人的推测She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了这药，她就会好的。(3)表示将来的意愿、允诺、决心、命令等I wont go shopping this afternoon, but she will.今天下午我不想去购物，但她想去。(4)表示一种倾向性或习惯性动作Every Sunday we will go out for dinner.每个星期天我们都会出去吃饭。(5)表示临时决定
10、做某事Have you posted the letters for me?Sorry, I forgot. Ill post them right away.你替我把信件寄出去了吗？对不起，我忘了。我马上就去寄。2“be going to动词原形”表示将来(1)表示已经决定或安排好要做某事。Im going to sell this old car, and buy a new one.我打算卖掉这辆旧车，买一辆新的。(2)表示有迹象表明即将发生某事。Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough navigation.听那风声，我们航行时困
11、难一定很大。名师点津be going to表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情；而will不强调行为的计划性，多指临时的决定或安排。Mary is ill. I am going to visit her.Sorry, I didnt know. I will go with you.玛丽病了，我打算去看她。抱歉我不知道，我和你一起去。3将来时的其他表示方法(1)有些表示位置转移的动词如go, come, leave, start, fly, return等的进行时表示很快就要发生的动作。They are flying to Beijing tomorrow.他们将于明天飞往北京。(2)表示按时间表
12、、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，常用一般现在时表示将来；在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。The train to Shenzhen leaves at 9.去深圳的火车在9点离开。When he grows up, he will work as a lawyer.他长大后，要当律师。(3)“be to动词原形”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作；也可表示按职责、义务的要求要发生的动作。The students are to leave school next month.这些学生下个月就要离校了。You are to arrive on time for the meeti
13、ng.你们必须按时参加会议。(4)“be about to动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，常与when连用。需注意它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。Be quiet. The film is about to start.安静，电影马上开始。He was about to go out when the telephone rang.他正要出去，这时电话铃响了。考情分析动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据所给的时间状语作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判断；
14、三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。批语考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法，解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，综合得出答案。高考佳句The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直刻苦学习功课，最终回报他们努力的将是成功。即时训练2.单句填空1Can you tell me the timetable of the school bus?Well, the bus lea
15、ves (leave) here for the campus at 7：00 am.2When will you come to see me, Dad?I will go to see you when you finish (finish) the training course.3The information from the teachers suggests that the exam will_be (be) very easy tomorrow.根据汉语意思完成句子1乔治打算今晚在班上谈论他国家的地理。George is_go_to_talk_about the geogra
16、phy of his country in class tonight.2下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。There_is_going_to_be_a_football_match next Saturday in our school.单句语法填空1My father waters (water) the vegetables once a week.2He couldnt help eyeing (eye) the superstar excitedly.3The little boy isnt old enough to_dress (dress) himself.4They shoul
17、dered (shoulder) the boat and took it down to the river.5Henry will_be (be) twenty years old next year.6Look at that car! We are_going_to crash.7The live football match starts (start) at 9 oclock this evening.8You are_to_finish (finish) the task on time.9Did you tell Tom about the result?Oh, no, I f
18、orgot. I will_call (call) him now.10Look out! The tree is_about_to_fall (fall). Its dangerous standing under it.用所给动词的适当形式填空1The telephone is ringing. I will_answer (answer) it.2She has bought a length of cloth; she is_going_to_make (make) herself a dress.3Hundreds of jobs will_be_lost (lose) if the
19、 factory closes.4Why have you moved all the furniture out of this room?I am_going_to_clean (clean) the carpet (地毯)5Do you think Mom and Dad will_be (be) late?No, Swiss Air is usually on time.6“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I will_be (be) president，” said the boy, with a smile.7T
20、urn on CCTV news and we will_see (see) how happy our life is. But there is no denying that over the past decades, the cost of living has_been_increasing (increase) sharply.8How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we will_see (see) what we can do for you.9Your job will_be_kep
21、t (keep) open for your return.Thanks.10My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave (leave) for Africa.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Zhou Kai is very proud that he is fit and hasnt 1._ (get) things like flu. There are two reasons 2._ that. For 3._ thing, his mother looks after
22、 him very 4._ (attentive), for example, 5._ Zhou Kai was going to the park 6._ (play) football, without a jacket 7._， she told him to put it on and Zhou Kai had to do 8._ she told him to. 9._ addition, his mother tries every means to make sure he has 10._ very healthy diet. And Zhou Kai said he woul
23、d rather eat a nice piece of fruit than sweets. And the second reason is that Zhou Kai takes a lot of exercise, he is crazy about football, and he is even captain of the class team at school.1答案与解析：got由空前的hasnt可知此处为现在完成时，应填过去分词形式。2答案与解析：forreasons后跟for引出对象。3答案与解析：onefor one thing“一方面”，下文的the second
24、reason可得到提示。4答案与解析：attentively副词作状语修饰动词短语。5答案与解析：when状语从句中缺少时间状语，应用when引导。6答案与解析：to play此处表示目的，故用动词不定式形式。7答案与解析：onon此处表示穿着的状态。8答案与解析：as/whatwhat引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语，或由as引导方式状语从句表示“按照”。9答案与解析：Inin addition“另外，此外”，为固定短语。10答案与解析：adiet“饮食”，为可数名词，其前应该跟不定冠词。课时作业(二)Module 1Section Grammar.语法填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)1You
25、 will_feel (feel) better after having a good sleep.2If it doesnt_rain (not rain) tomorrow, we will_go_out (go out) for a picnic.3The new term begins (begin) on August 29th.4Look at the dark clouds; there is_going_to_be (be) a storm.5Can you lie down, please? I will_examine (examine) you.6If Tom does
26、nt_come (not come), we will_lose (lose) the game.7I was_about_to_start (start) when it began to rain.8Watch out! The pile of boxes is_going_to_fall (fall)9Im afraid I am_going_to_have (have) a bad cold.10I will_give (give) the book to him as soon as he returns (return).阅读理解In the early 1990s, Staffa
27、n Lindeberg from Lund University in Sweden travelled to Papua New Guinea to study the diet of the people on the island of Kitava as this was very close to the Stone Age diet, that is, the food people ate many thousands of years ago before humans started farming. While there, he found that the people
28、 did not suffer from (患有) heart attacks, diabetes (糖尿病), being overweight and many other diseases common in western countries.As a result of his findings, he decided to test patients in Sweden to see how such a diet would influence them. Fourteen patients followed a Stone Age diet while another fift
29、een followed a Mediterranean diet. All of the patients in the tests had high blood sugar levels, most suffered from diabetes and they all had some problems with their hearts.At the end of three months, the group following the Mediterranean diet had reduced (减少) their blood sugar levels by a small am
30、ount but those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in their blood. The patients in both groups also lost weight although the level of sugar in the blood and the patients weight didnt seem to be related.So, what is it about the Stone Age diet that can make us healthier? The di
31、et contains some meat, fish, fruit, vegetables and nuts but it doesnt contain any dairy products or grains, such as wheat or rice, and there is no salt.The next question is whether the Kitavan people are healthier than us. According to Professor Lindeberg, this is not as simple as we may think. Beca
32、use of not having enough healthcare, there is more chance of them dying at a young age. However, if people on Kitava manage to reach fifty, they might live as long as people in more developed countries.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项关于“石器时代饮食对人体健康影响”的研究。1What did Lindebergs tests in Sweden show?AThe Mediterran
33、ean diet was unhealthy.BThe Stone Age diet could make people healthier.CPeoples blood sugar levels had something to do with their weight.DPeople who like eating fruit and vegetables had fewer heart problems.答案与解析：B推理判断题。由第三段中的实验结果“those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in
34、their blood”和“The patients in both groups also lost weight”可知，相较于地中海饮食来说，石器时代饮食可以使人们更加健康。2Whats so special about the Stone Age diet?ANo salt.BNo meat.CA lot of grains. DToo much sugar.答案与解析：A细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“the Stone Age diet. doesnt contain any dairy products or grains, such as wheat or rice, and th
35、ere is no salt”可知，石器时代饮食的特点是不含盐，并且不含奶制品以及谷物类食物。3What can we infer about the Kitavan people according to Professor Lindeberg?AMost of them need to lose weight.BThey are healthier than westerners.CMany of them cannot live to the age of fifty.DThey generally have high blood sugar levels.答案与解析：C推理判断题。由最
36、后一段中的“there is more chance of them dying at a young age. However, if people on Kitava manage to reach fifty”可知，该岛上的居民寿命较短，很多都活不到50岁。.完形填空Five years ago, my boss was holding a charity (慈善) dinner. The call went out for volunteers and I _1_ the chance to work with a dishwasher. My wife was _2_ our fir
37、st child and I wouldnt have much time volunteering in the future. It was fun working with a dishwasher and I _3_ being alone as the other workers wanted no part of dish washing. As dinner was being served to the guests, a group of workers came to _4_ others in the kitchen. There was something _5_ ab
38、out them: they were all short in height. They worked as a team, _6_ had trouble following the kitchen instructions so I was asked by a worried organizer if they could _7_ with me. I said, sure, Id _8_ the company. The organizer got _9_ as I showed them how to put the dishes on the dishwasher and run
39、 the machine.The organizer seemed to _10_ that his team was out of place. He tried to get one woman and a man back towards the tasks at hand and to _11_ their arguments (争吵). To break the tension (紧张状态), he would tell _12_. He had warmhearted presence. To him working beside the large noisy dishwashe
40、r seemed to be a _13_ thing.After working for three hours, the dishes were cleared away, and we _14_ the machine. The organizer walked over to me and _15_ me for letting them help me out. His smile was huge. It left me feeling optimistic (乐观的)I _16_ that optimism. The delivery (分娩) of my daughter wa
41、s a(n) _17_ experience and I almost lost both my wife and daughter. I had a _18_ time, but sometimes I would think of the happy dishwasher man and I would feel a sense of _19_. Finally both my wife and daughter were nursed back to health. No matter who you are or where you are in life, please choose
42、 optimism it can make a _20_.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者的老板举行慈善晚宴，作为志愿者，作者在厨房帮忙洗碗。在那里他遇到了同样参加志愿工作的一群人，与他们一起工作的经历让作者意识到人要乐观地面对生活。1A.offered Btook Cmissed Dcreated答案与解析：B由下文中的“I wouldnt have much time volunteering in the future”可知，作者“抓住(took)”这次参加志愿工作的机会。2A.playing with Blooking after Cteaching Dexpecting答案与解析：D由
43、下文中的“The delivery of my daughter”可知，此处表示作者的妻子当时正怀着孕，故填expecting。be expecting a baby/child“怀孕”。3A.enjoyed Bminded Cavoided Dbegan答案与解析：A由本句中的“It was fun working with a dishwasher”和“as the other workers wanted no part of dish washing”可知，“我”“喜欢(enjoyed)”一个人待着。4A.ask Bmeet Chelp Dwatch答案与解析：C由下文中的“They
44、worked as a team”以及“I showed them how to put the dishes on the dishwasher and run the machine”可知，他们来厨房“帮忙(help)”。5A.special Bimportant Cfunny Dsimple答案与解析：A由本句中的“they were all short in height”可知，他们有些“特别(special)”。6A.before Bor Cbut Dso答案与解析：C“They worked as a team”与“had trouble following the kitchen
45、 instructions”之间是转折关系，故填but。7A.work Bgo Cagree Dtalk答案与解析：A由下文中的“the company”以及“I showed them how to put the dishes on the dishwasher and run the machine”可知，那个组织者问“我”能否让他们和“我”一起“工作(work)”。8A.find Bneed Cprovide Dwelcome答案与解析：D由本句中的sure可知，“我”乐意和他们一起工作，welcome符合语境。9A.surprised Brelaxed Cbored Dworried
46、答案与解析：B由上文中的“worried”以及本句中的“I showed them how to put the dishes on the dishwasher and run the machine”可知，那位组织者起初很着急。当“我”教他们如何往洗碗机架子上放盘子、如何操作洗碗机时，他松了口气，relaxed符合语境。10A.notice Bimagine Chope Dremember答案：A11A.support Bend Cstart Dwin答案与解析：B由文中的“He tried to get one woman and a man back towards the tasks
47、 at hand”可知，那位组织者似乎“注意到(notice)”他的团队言行不太得体。他试图将他们的注意力转移到手头的工作上，“终止(end)”他们之间的争吵。out of place“不适当”的。12A.instructions Bsecrets Cjokes Dlies答案与解析：C解析见下题。13A.strange Bhappy Csad Dpossible答案与解析：B由“To break the tension”以及“He had warmhearted presence”可知，为了缓解紧张的气氛，他讲了一些“笑话(jokes)”，对他来说，在庞大嘈杂的洗碗机边上工作，似乎是一件“快
48、乐的(happy)”事。14A.put down Bturned down Cshut down Dcut down答案与解析：C由“After working for three hours, the dishes were cleared away”可知，此处指我们“关掉(shut down)”洗碗机。15A.comforted Bprepared Ccaught Dthanked答案与解析：D由上文中的“I was asked by a worried organizer if they could. I showed them how to put the dishes on the
49、dishwasher and run the machine”以及本句中的“for letting them help me out”可知，那位组织者走过来，向“我”表示“感谢(thanked)”。16A.needed Binvited Cexpressed Dshared答案与解析：A由下文中的“The delivery of my daughter was. experience and I almost lost both my wife and daughter. time”可知，“我”“需要(needed)”那种乐观的精神。17A.new Bsimilar Cawful Dinter
50、esting答案与解析：C解析见下题。18A.hard Bgood Cgreat Dbusy答案与解析：A由I almost lost both my wife and daughter可知，“我”女儿的出生是一次“可怕的(awful)”经历，“我”差点失去妻子和女儿，对“我”来说，那段时间很“艰难(hard)”。19A.pride Bachievement Cexcitement Dpeace答案与解析：D由but以及上文中的“He had warmhearted presence”和“His smile was huge. It left me feeling optimistic”可知，
51、有时候“我”会想起那个洗碗工， 然后“我”的内心就会很“平和(peace)”。20A.decision Bdifference Crule Dliving答案与解析：B由上文可知，那位洗碗工让作者学会了乐观地面对生活，故此处表示不管你是谁，不管在生活中遇到了什么，一定要乐观，因为保持乐观很重要，故填difference。make a difference“有影响；起重要作用”。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。New research has found that eating regular balanced meals is more eff
52、ective (有效的) in managing a healthy weight 1._ dieting.Carried out by researchers at the University of Helsinki, the study looked at 2,452 women and 2,227 men, who 2._ (ask) to answer surveys which looked at factors (因素) influencing weight changes at age 24, and ten years later at age 34. The researc
53、hers found among both men 3._ women, irregular eating and dieting in order to lose weight were two of the main factors that led to weight increasing. A womans risk of putting on weight was also increased by giving birth to two or more 4._ (child), regularly drinking sugary drinks and feeling 5._ (di
54、sappoint) with life. For men, smoking was another important factor for putting on weight.6._ (usual), people try to prevent overweight by dieting. In the long term, it seems to make people 7._ (get) fatter, rather than prevent it.Besides eating regularly and avoiding diets, physical activity was a m
55、ain factor in 8._ (help) to protect women from putting on weight, while for men a higher level of 9._ (educate) and having a greater weight at the beginning of the study appeared to have a protective effect.The researchers suggested that those 10._ want to keep a healthy weight longterm should now c
56、onsider eating regular meals.1答案与解析：than考查介词。设空处所在句意为“规律平衡的饮食比节食更能有效地保持健康的体重”，故填than。2答案与解析：were asked考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处前的who指代2,452 women and 2,227 men，此处表示“他们被要求完成问卷”，应用被动语态，由主句的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填were asked。3答案与解析：and考查连词。both. and.意为“和都”。4答案与解析：children考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，因为child是可数名词，且其前有two or more，故填ch
57、ildren。5答案与解析：disappointed考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，说明主语woman的状态，表示“失望的”，故填形容词disappointed。6答案与解析：Usually考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰后面整个句子，表示“通常”，故填副词Usually。7答案与解析：get考查不定式作补语的用法。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。8答案与解析：helping考查ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词in的宾语，故填helping。9答案与解析：education考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“教育”，故填名词education。10答案与解析：who考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰those，且在从句中作主语，由语境可知，those在此指代people，故填who。
