1、2014-2015学年高中英语语法导学案：Module5（外研版必修5）定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后，这种名、代词就叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，它起定语的作用。复合句是由一个主句或一个以上的从句而构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用，不能独立存在。先行词 关系词常有3个作用：连接作用，引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。注：关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般who做主语或宾语whom作为宾语，whose作为定语（whom，whose不可省略）。关系代词
2、在从句中作主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语（where）时间状语（when），原因状语（why）。定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词表示的）汉语中常用“的”表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如“The man”、“The book”。如“那个穿着西装的人是我爸爸”， 这就是一个定语从句。关系代词
3、关系代词引导定语从句，它们所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。who,whom,that 这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，who和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下： （1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）（2）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾
4、语）（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。which、that用来指物 (用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如：（1）The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）（2）The package (which / that) you are carryingis about to come u
5、nwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。（which / that在从句中作宾语） whose (只用作定语)“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西） 例：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。（“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲）He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户）关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语。1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，“which”代表事物；它们在从句中作
6、主语或宾语，作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，“which”在从省略。eg：This is the book （which）you want.2. 不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置。 3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略；c）被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；e）整个句中前面已有“which”，“wh”行关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）when=during/ on/ in/ which（介词同先行词搭配）1. “where”是关系副词，
7、当然也不用“that”引导。 By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, tooth
8、brush etc。 他每次出差都带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他东西。3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用“there is”开头。There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话。分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。关系词选择 只用that不用which（1）当先行词是或被序数词，最高级，不定代词修饰时，关系词用
9、that不用which。 （2）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。 （3）当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时，用that不用which。（4）当主句中有who或which时，为避免重复用that。只用who不用that如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that。只用which不用that1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。This the one of which Im speaking2）非限定性定语从句，用which。3) 描述句中一般
10、用which。Beijing，which was Chinas capital for more than 800years4）those +复数名词之后，多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best注意（1）there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。（2）当主句中缺少主语或表语时，用the one。关系副词 关系副词why 关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如：We dont know the reason why
11、 he didnt show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。She didnt tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如：Thats one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样，why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。误：The main
12、reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.关系副词when 关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如：There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。Well put off t
13、he picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词，就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分如果在定语从句中用作时间状语，就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如：Dont forget the time (that, which) Ive told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。关系代词that / which在定语从句中
14、用作动词told的宾语，正因为是用作宾语，所以也可以省略。关系副词where 关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如：This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。Thats the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。来源:Zxxk.Com与前面when的情况一
15、样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如：He works in a factory that which makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语。另外注意，where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。如：We have reached a point where a change is nee
16、ded. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。There are cases where the word “mighty”is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。【课题】Book5 Module5 【课型】范式导练非限制性定语从句 非限制
17、性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如The house,which I bought last year,has a lovely garden.我去年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。3. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which gre
18、atly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。4. 有时as也可用作关系代词5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用于在从句中做主语（1）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。（2）Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人。whom指人注意：关系代词“who
19、m”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替，可省略。如果在从句中做宾语，就用“whom”或“who”。He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人。You just met the person who was my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友。which 、that 通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语，表所有。（1）He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。（2）I once lived in a house whose roof has fall
20、en in.我曾经住在一座现在已经倒塌的房子中。“whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替：（3）Football is the game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏。（4）This is the pen（which）he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔。that指人时相当于“who”或者“whom”；指物时，相当于“which”当前头有最高级序数词“all”不定代词时必须用“that”。在定语从句中做主语、表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。（5）The number of the people that/who c
21、ome to visit the city each year rises one million. 每年来这座城市观光的游客数目上升了100万。（6）Where is the man this morning? 今天早上这个男人在哪？when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用。（1）(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语。（1）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.（2）I dont know the reason why he looks when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
