1、书面表达名师 指津 考情表解自2007年以来，全国卷共有16篇书面表达。这些书面表达究竟考了什么？请看下表：编号 年份 卷别 体裁题材形式 备注12014 卷I书信询问英语学习课程图表2卷II描述文 畅想十年后的我提纲32013卷I书信 带去中国画，请求接机提纲4卷II 书信 介绍自制中国结提纲 物品介绍52012卷I电子邮件申请参加夏令营提纲6卷II 书信 邀请外教参加生日聚会提纲 聚会安排72011卷I书信 预约学校辅导中心帮助提纲8卷II 书信 给一份周报提建议提纲92010卷I书信邀外教做演讲比赛评委提纲10卷II 书信告知美国朋友来应聘教师提纲 比赛通知112009卷I留言条 外出购
2、物还书，给房东留言提纲 招聘广告12卷II 书信知改建后的前门大街提纲132008卷I书信祝贺大熊猫“苏琳”生日提纲 地点介绍14卷II 说明文 告知英国朋友如何学好中文提纲 建议152007卷I书信通过外籍教师找位英语笔友提纲16卷II 说明文 介绍一家新开业的宾馆提纲命题特点体裁：主要是书信(应用文)。除2007年的一篇是介绍宾馆的说明文和2014年写“十年后的我”这样的描述文外，14篇是应用文中的书信、电子邮件和留言条。值得一提的是，虽然通常以书信的形式命题，但第4和第12篇两篇，分别介绍中国结和前门大街，也就与物品介绍和地点介绍类的说明文写法相同。第6篇与活动通知，第9篇与比赛通告，第
3、10篇与招聘广告，其写作内容很相似，所需写作素材相同，只是表达方式略有不同。题材：与考生的学习和生活密切相关。以上16篇大致可分为7类：学习相关：有6篇(第1,5,7,8,11,14篇)活动相关：有2篇(第6，9篇)生活相关：有3篇(第3，4，13篇)朋友相关：有1篇(第15篇)教师相关：有1篇(第10篇)自己未来：有1篇(第2篇)周围环境：有2篇(第12，16篇)命题形式：通常是提纲。除第1篇是图表外，都是提纲形式。事实上，第1篇的图表的写法与提纲的写法相比，只是多了一步，将图表中的英语提问转换成汉字，前提是认识简单的英文。备考指南无论是什么文体，也不论是何种题材，更不管是写什么具体内容，只
4、要是英语写作，就必须掌握以下内容，才可以以不变应万变：简单句的五个基本句型及there be句型。简单句的高级形式，即简单句中含非谓语动词(特别是作定语和状语)、介词短语等。并列句和平行结构，特别是and,but,bothand,not onlybut also,eitheror,notbut等并列连词的用法。复合句，包括状语从句(特别是表示时间、条件、让步、目的、结果的从句)，名词性从句(特别是主语从句、同位语从句)，定语从句(特别是非限制性定语从句)。特殊句型：was/were doing sth.whendid 正在做某事时，突然又发生另一事。形式主语句型：It is+adj./n.+f
5、or sb.to do sth.强调句型：It isthat.；用do,does,did强调一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词。倒装句型：Only in this way can we do sth.(只有用这种方法，我们才能做某事)等。There is no doubt that 毫无疑问，除熟练掌握上述并列句和复合句的连词外，还需灵活运用起衔接作用的其他连接性副词和介词短语等。如：On the one hand,On the other hand,一方面另一方面(引出相互矛盾的两个方面)For one thing,and for another(thing),一来二来(列举两条)Firstl
6、y,Secondly,Thirdly,.Lastly/Last but not least,首先，其次，第三，最后，(列举多条)Firstthenten minutes laterfinally 先然后十分钟后最后(叙述事情发生的先后，或陈述做某事的过程)however(然而),besides(此外),whats more(此外，而且),to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。as a result(结果),above all(尤其是),after all(毕竟)，in fact(事实上)等。luckily/fortunately(幸运的是),unluckily/unfor
7、tunately(不幸的是)，obviously(显然),similarly(同样地)等。in my opinion(依我看),as far as Im concerned(就我而言)等。(发表看法)for example(例如),takefor example(以为例),such as(例如)等。(举例)以上各项微技能将在本书中分项辅导与训练。写作步骤高考中的书面表达，是一种指导性写作或控制性写作(guided writing)，它的体裁、内容和篇幅都有明确的规定。写作时可按以下步骤完成：1.认真审题 审体裁(不同体裁有不同的用语或写法)。审时态(主要用什么时态来写)。审人称(用第几和称写，
8、写给谁看)。审要点(不可忽略情景说明中的内容)。2.列出提纲根据所审要点，将要写的内容一一列出来，可用中文也可用英文列出，不可遗漏要点，确保要点齐全。同时，要琢磨是否需要添加细节或将所给要点适度拓展，如“问他是否可以接机”，就应包括“到机场接(我叔叔)并将其送到宾馆，因为我叔叔是第一次去那里”。其中“并将其送到宾馆，因为我叔叔是第一次去那里”都是符合情理的拓展。3.写出初稿根据上述提纲，用英语写出初稿。写作中要用自己有把握的词写正确的句子。注意句子结构的完整性，如主谓(宾)齐全；两个简单句中如果没有分号和句号，根据两句之间的逻辑关系，用适当的连接词，以及上下文之间的语义衔接。4.修改润色将自己
9、写的文章通读一遍，检查是否有单词拼写错误和语法错误，如时态是否有错，主谓是否一致，人称是否一致，句子结构是否完整，是否有介词的误用，是否有be的少用或多用，上下是否连贯等等。5.规范誊写规范的书写往往能给阅卷老师留下美好的印象，有可能会给你的作文评分提升一个档次。因此，平时练好书法，考时规范誊写，这是非常重要的。6.再次核查在规范誊写后，要再次核查，以免在誊写过程中出错。真题再练accommodation n.住宿plan to do sth.计划做某事dormitory n.宿舍attend a summer school参加暑期班学习company n.公司 2014年全国卷必备素材do
10、a good job干得好colleague n.同事take regular exercise经常锻炼vacation n.假期pay 3,000 dollars for the course为课程支付3千美元continue v.继续get along well with sb.与某人相处融洽include vt.包括in my free time在我的业余时间a program designer程序设计者various ball games各种球类活动host family接待留学生的家庭What will be like?将是什么样的？假定你是李华,计划暑假期间去英国学习英语,为期六周
11、。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）。注意:1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.参考词汇:住宿 accommodation1.2014课标卷IDear Sir/Madam,I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.Ive seen your ad,and Id like to know something more about your six-week English course
12、.First,when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week?Besides,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.Id also like to knowhow much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be a host family or university dormitory?I am looki
13、ng forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,Li Hua一家英语报社向中学生征文,主题是“十年后的我”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。1.家庭。2.工作。3.业余生活。注意:1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.2.2014课标卷II I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.I think my life will b
14、e very different in ten years.I will be twenty-eight years old by then.I will have my own family,probably with a lovely child.I hope Ill work in a computer company as a program designer.Ill enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.Ill do a good jobin whatever I do.In my free time,Ill cont
15、inue to take regular exercise,such as swimming,running and various ball games.On my holidays,I ll travelaround the world.In a word,my life will be much richer and more colorful.conference n.会议Im writing to tell you that我写信是想告诉你diamond n.钻石，菱形I wonder if you could do sth.不知你是否可以做某事？2013年全国卷必备素材flight
16、 number航班号Chinese painting中国画Would you please do sth.?请你做某事，好吗？meet my uncle at the airport到机场接我叔叔in advance预先，提前ask for sth.要求/请求得到某物do me a favor帮我一个忙take him to his hotel带他去酒店in the shape of呈现的形状about 5 inches long大约5寸长stand for friendship代表友谊know more about 对了解更多red silk threads红丝线further inform
17、ation更多的信息假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：李明：高个子，戴眼镜航班号：CA985到达：8月6日上午11:30注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头和结束语已为你写好。3.2013课标卷IDear Peter,How are you doing?Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference,and Ive asked him t
18、o bring you the Chinese painting youve asked for before.Also,Id like you to do me a favor.Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is the first visit to the U.S.?Thank you in advance!His flight number is CA985,and it will arrive at 11:30 am.August 6.My uncle
19、 is tall and he is wearing glasses.And he will be in blue jacket.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua假定你是李华,自制了一些中国结(Chinese knot)。你给开网店的美国朋友Tom写信,请他代卖,要点包括：1.外观(尺寸、颜色、材料)。2.象征意义。3.价格。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。4.2013课标卷II Dear Tom,How are you doing?I wonder if you could sell so
20、me Chinese knots for me.I made them myself with red silk threads,cloth and other materials.They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond,about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide.In China,these knots stand for friendship,love and good luck.People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang t
21、hem in their houses.They are only 12.99 US dollars each.If anyone wants to know more about the knots,let them write to me.Also,do let me know if you need further information.Thank you!Li Huaannouncement n.通告throw a surprise party策划一个令人惊喜的聚会fluent adj.流利的post vt.贴出give him a surprise给他一个惊喜invite you
22、to the party邀请你来参加聚会 2012年全国卷必备素材gather vi.聚集，集合keep quiet about sth.不要把某事说出去be accepted as 被接受成为welcome vt.欢迎(某人)adj.受欢迎的the summer camp夏令营take part in参加(join in)prepare a little present准备一个小礼物light the candles点蜡烛learn about了解last about an hour持续大约一个小时假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎
23、各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。1.自我介绍(包括英语能力)。2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家)。3.希望获准。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。5.2012课标卷Dear Sir or Madam,Im Li Hua,a middle school student from China.I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have postedon the Internet and I am interested in it.I know that you
24、 welcome students from different countries and Id like to take part in it.Ive been learning English for 10 years,and I speak fluent English.Whats more,Ill be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well.I hope I will be accepted as a member of your s
25、ummer camp.Looking forward to your reply!Regards,Li Hua假定你是李华。你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加，要点包括：1.时间：周五晚8点至9点。2.地点：学生俱乐部。3.内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等。4.要求：准备小礼物。注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好。2.可以适当增加细节，以便行文连贯。3.答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。6.2012大纲卷Hi,Susan,Were throwing a surprise party for Xiaomings birthday.Wed like to invite
26、you to the party.We want to give him a surprise,so please keep quiet about it.Well gather at the Students Club at 8 p.m.this Friday,after the evening classes.And its going to last about an hour.We each will prepare a little present.When he comes,well light the candles and sing“Happy Birthday”togethe
27、r for him.Then the cake will be cut and well sing songs and play games.Itll be nice to see how excited he will be.Im sure youll have a good timeat the party,too.Yours,Li Huaaddress n.地址regular adj.经常的have some difficulties with在方面有困难take summer courses参加暑期课程cover vt.报道(report on)provide help for sb.
28、给某人提供帮助 2011年全国卷必备素材get help from you到你(们)的帮忙national adj.国家的international adj.国际的guide us in 在方面指导我们note-taking记笔记have no idea of 不知道Equally attractive are 同样有吸引力的有(倒装)I suggest that(should)do sth.我建议做某事carry articles刊登文章English learning英语学习mainly for the following two reasons主要有以下两个原因假定你是李华，正在一所英国
29、学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：1.本人简介。2.求助内容。3.约定时间。4.你的联系方式(Email：；Phone：12345678)。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.结束语已为你写好。7.2011课标卷Dear Sir/Madam,Im Li Hua,a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.Im writing to ask for help.I came here l
30、ast month and find many courses interesting.But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library.I was told that the Learning Center provideshelp for students and Im anxious to get help from you.I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons.Please le
31、t me know which day is OK with you.You may email or phone me.Here are my email address and phone number:,call 12345678.Look forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1.说明你是该报的忠实读者。2.赞赏该报优点。兼顾国内外新闻。介绍名人成功故事。3.提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章。注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写
32、好。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。8.2011大纲卷Dear Editor-in-Chief,Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror!Im a regular reader of your newspaper.Ilike it very much mainly for the following two reasons.First,it covers both national and international news,so that,by simply turning the pages,I can learn
33、 all important things that have happened during the week.Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people,which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.As a young student,I suggest that Global Mirror carry articles to guide us in our English le
34、arning,and I hope that it will become even more popular.Sincerely yours,Li Huaadvisor n.顾问deliver a speech 发表演讲Chairman of the Students Union学生会主席experience n.经历(可数)invite you to be a judge邀请你做评委be close to靠近/挨着 2010年全国卷必备素材on the given topic根据给定的主题accept our invitation接受我们的邀请senior high students高中生
35、native-speaker说母语的人Id be more than happy to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)。希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。英语演讲比赛9.2010全国卷I主题：人与自然时间：6月15日下午2：005：00 地点：501教室参赛选手：10名学生联系人：李华（电话44876655)欢迎大家光临注意：词数100左右。参考词汇：评委 judgeDear Ms Smith,Im Li Hua,Chairman of the Stud
36、ents Union of Yucai Middle School,which is close to your university.Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 1st.It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours.Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic“Man and th
37、e Nature”.We hope you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.Please call me at 44876655,if you have any questions.I am looking forward to your reply.With best wishes,Li Hua假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter曾表示希望来中国教书。你校现需要招聘外教，请给他写封信，告知招聘信息。内容主要包括：10.2010全国卷II 注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以便行文连贯。3.开头语已为你
38、写好。1.教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等2.教授对象：高中生（至少三年英语基础）3.工作量：每周12学时，任选三门课。担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问(advisor)。Dear Peter,I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China.Our school now is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to some senior high students.If you come,you can choose three
39、 of the following four courses:Speaking,Writing,Britain Today and America Today,and teach12 hours a week.The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experiences.Besides teaching,you will also work as an advisor to our students English club or our sc
40、hool English newspaper.Please let me know if you are interestedand if you have any other questions,Id be more than happy to help you.Best,Li Huarebuild vt.重建，改建set some other time for约定另外一个时间pedestrian adj.行人的 n.行人return the book to the library将书还给图书馆teahouse n.茶馆to the south of在的南面with a history of
41、 600 years 有600年历史 2009年全国卷必备素材square n.广场，正方形in the center of Beijing在北京市中心experience vt.体验，感受convenient adj.方便的take Buses No.17 or 19乘17或19路公交车way of life生活方式attend to处理(deal with)ask about询问call her back给她回电话假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs.Wilson不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs.Wilson 写一留言条，内容包括：1.外出购物。2.替房东
42、还书。3.Tracy 来电话留言。咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消。此事已告知Susan。尽快回电。注意：1.词数100 个左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。11.2009全国卷I Mrs.Wilson,Im going out shopping,and wont be backuntil about 5:00 pm.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library.At about 1 oclock this afternoon,Tracy called,saying
43、 that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something importantto attend to.She felt very sorry about that,but said that you could set some other time for the meeting.She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.She has already told Susan about this change.Li H
44、ua假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：1.简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺。2.位置：天安门广场南面。3.交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线。4.特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。参考词汇：步行街 pedestrian street12.2009全国卷II当当车 trolley car 地铁 subway 注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。Dear Sarah,Thank you for your letter asking a
45、bout the rebuilt Qianmen Street.Here is something about it.Yours,Li HuaDear Sarah,Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Oianmen Street.Here is something about it.Qianmen Street is a famous street with a history of over 600 years.Along this 800-meter street,there are more than 300 shops.
46、As the street is in the center of Beijing,just to the south ofTiananmen Square,its very convenient to get there by bus.You may take Buses No.17,69 or 59.Subway Line 2 has a stop there too.Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street,but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops,but also to t
47、heatres and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.Im sure youll like it.Yours,Li Huadelighted adj.高兴的(very happy)wish her a happy birthday 祝她生日快乐suggestion n.建议，提议live a healthy life过着健康的生活remember vt.记住take a photo拍照 2008年全国卷必备素材gave birth to 生下your fellow students你的同学learn
48、 from sb.向某人学习take a Chinese course参加中文学习班whenever possible只要可能express my thanks to you for因向你们表示我的感谢假定你是李华，从小喜爱大熊猫（panda）,一直通过有关网站(website)关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信：1.自我介绍。2.祝贺苏琳生日。3.感谢工作人员。4.索取苏琳三岁生日照。13.2008全国卷I 注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。Dear S
49、ir/Madam,Greetings from China!Yours truly,Li HuaDear Sir/Madam,Greetings from Chian!Im Li Hua,a student in Sichuan.Ive been a panda lover since I was a child.About three years ago,I was delighted tolearn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and Ive been watching her grow on your website.Now
50、she is going to be three.Id like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work,because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy lifein the US.By the way,could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday?Thank you very much in advance.You
51、rs truly,Li Hua假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写封回信。1.参加中文学习班。2.看中文书刊、电视。3.学唱中文歌曲。4.交中国朋友。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可适当增加细节。3.开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。14.2008全国卷IIJune 8,2011Dear Peter,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Here are a few suggestions.First,it is import
52、ant to take a Chinese course,as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.Then,it also helps to watch TV and read books,newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.Besides,it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs,because by doing so youl
53、l learn and remember Chinese words more easily.You can also make moreChinese friends,who will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.Try and write to me in Chinese next time.Best wishes.Li Huasimilar to与相同/相似的in her early twenties二十出头in my mind在我的头脑中keep a pet dog养一个宠物狗havein common有相
54、同之处 2007年全国卷必备素材take care of pets照看宠物share sth.with sb.同某人分享某物improve my English提高我的英语水平be open for business开张营业the entrance to去的入口single rooms单人房/间double rooms双人房/间with hot showers有热水淋浴book in advance提前预订serve three meals 供应三餐western food西餐choose from从中挑选enjoy yourself请自便，尽情享受free of charge免费All ar
55、e welcome!欢迎光临!假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一位英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：1.年龄。2.性别。3.爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。注意：1.词数 100 左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。15.2007全国卷IDear Peter,I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.I want to have a pen friend,hopefully a girl in her early twenties
56、,and with interests similar to mine.In my mind,she is someone who is interested in traveling,swimming,and playing table tennis.Besides,it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time.With such a pen friend,I hope I can share with her our experience in traveling,
57、taking care of pets or whatever we have in common.And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best regards.Li Hua一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容就包括：1.地点：距白山入口处500米。2.房间及价格：单人间（共20间），100元天。双人间（共15间），150元天
58、；热水淋浴。16.2007全国卷II3.餐饮：餐厅（中、西餐），咖啡厅（茶、咖啡）。4.游泳池：全天免费开放。5.欢迎预定。注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好。2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel!Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain.It has 20 single rooms and 15 double rooms,all
59、 with hot showers.A single room is 100 yuanand a double room 150 yuan for one night.You are advised to book in advance.The hotel serves three meals a day and there areChinese food and western food for you to choose from.You can also enjoy yourself at the caf,drinking tea or coffee in the evening.We also have a swimming pool,which is open all day and free of charge.All are welcome!
